Search for at CERN Kucerova, Z
Journal of physics. Conference series,
09/2020, Letnik:
1586, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The decay \({K}^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}v\bar{v}\), with a very precisely predicted branching ratio of less than 10−10, is one of the best candidates to reveal indirect effects of new physics at the highest ...mass scales. The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS is designed to measure the branching ratio of the \({K}^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}v\bar{v}\) with a decay-in-flight technique, novel for this channel. NA62 took data in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Statistics collected in 2016 allows NA62 to reach the Standard Model sensitivity for \({K}^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}v\bar{v}\), entering the domain of 10−10 single event sensitivity and showing the proof of principle of the experiment. The analysis data is reviewed and the preliminary result from the 2016 data set presented.
Whole apples have not been previously implicated in outbreaks of foodborne bacterial illness. We investigated a nationwide listeriosis outbreak associated with caramel apples. We defined an ...outbreak-associated case as an infection with one or both of two outbreak strains of Listeria monocytogenes highly related by whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) from 1 October 2014 to 1 February 2015. Single-interviewer open-ended interviews identified the source. Outbreak-associated cases were compared with non-outbreak-associated cases and traceback and environmental investigations were performed. We identified 35 outbreak-associated cases in 12 states; 34 (97%) were hospitalized and seven (20%) died. Outbreak-associated ill persons were more likely to have eaten commercially produced, prepackaged caramel apples (odds ratio 326·7, 95% confidence interval 32·2–3314). Environmental samples from the grower's packing facility and distribution-chain whole apples yielded isolates highly related to outbreak isolates by wgMLST. This outbreak highlights the importance of minimizing produce contamination with L. monocytogenes. Investigators should perform single-interviewer open-ended interviews when a food is not readily identified.
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause bacteraemia, meningitis, and complications during pregnancy. In July 2012, molecular subtyping identified indistinguishable L. ...monocytogenes isolates from six patients and two samples of different cut and repackaged cheeses. A multistate outbreak investigation was initiated. Initial analyses identified an association between eating soft cheese and outbreak-related illness (odds ratio 17·3, 95% confidence interval 2·0–825·7) but no common brand. Cheese inventory data from locations where patients bought cheese and an additional location where repackaged cheese yielded the outbreak strain were compared to identify cheeses for microbiological sampling. Intact packages of imported ricotta salata yielded the outbreak strain. Fourteen jurisdictions reported 22 cases from March–October 2012, including four deaths and a fetal loss. Six patients ultimately reported eating ricotta salata; another reported eating cheese likely cut with equipment also used for contaminated ricotta salata, and nine more reported eating other cheeses that might also have been cross-contaminated. An FDA import alert and US and international recalls followed. Epidemiology-directed microbiological testing of suspect cheeses helped identify the outbreak source. Cross-contamination of cheese highlights the importance of using validated disinfectant protocols and routine cleaning and sanitizing after cutting each block or wheel.
Limited data regarding the susceptibility of
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to antimicrobials has been published during recent years. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ...distribution of MICs for the isolates of
A. pleuropneumoniae from diseased pigs in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2009.
A total of 242 isolates were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents by a broth microdilution method. A low degree of resistance was observed for florfenicol (0.8%), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (0.8%), tilmicosin (1.2%), tiamulin (1.7%) and ampicillin (3.3%), whereas resistance to tetracycline was detected more frequently, 23.9% of isolates. Interestingly, resistance to florfenicol has not yet been reported in any study investigating antimicrobial resistance of
A. pleuropneumoniae. By PCR the presence of the
floR gene was confirmed in all florfenicol resistant isolates.
Search for K+→π+vv¯ at CERN Kucerova, Z
Journal of physics. Conference series,
08/2020, Letnik:
1586, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The decay K+→π+vv¯, with a very precisely predicted branching ratio of less than 10−10, is one of the best candidates to reveal indirect effects of new physics at the highest mass scales. The NA62 ...experiment at CERN SPS is designed to measure the branching ratio of the K+→π+vv¯ with a decay-in-flight technique, novel for this channel. NA62 took data in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Statistics collected in 2016 allows NA62 to reach the Standard Model sensitivity for K+→π+vv¯, entering the domain of 10−10 single event sensitivity and showing the proof of principle of the experiment. The analysis data is reviewed and the preliminary result from the 2016 data set presented.
Flat grain beetles of the genus Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) are one of the economically most important stored-product pests which feed on many kinds of agricultural products, especially ...grains. Nine of more than 40 described Cryptolestes species are recognized as stored-product pests and two of the pest species have a cosmopolitan distribution. Given the rapid growth in global trade of food products, ecological barriers to the spread of pests are easily overcome. Therefore, development of reliable systems for routine quarantine inspection and early infestation detection is vital. In the present study, we established a new rapid and accurate cytochrome c oxidase subunit I-based system for molecular identification of five common stored-product Cryptolestes species, namely, Cryptolestes capensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusilloides, Cryptolestes pusillus and Cryptolestes turcicus. Five species-specific primer pairs for traditional uniplex polymerase chain reaction assay are described and their specificity and sensitivity for the identification process is evaluated using larval samples of 12 different populations from three continents (Asia, Europe and North America).
Susceptibility in vitro and trends in resistance to antimicrobials were determined by a dilution micromethod in a group of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia ...haemolytica and Escherichia coli isolates from clinical cases of cattle and swine diseases in the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2011. A high susceptibility of pig and cattle respiratory pathogens to antimicrobials was found, with the exception of the moderate prevalence of M. haemolytica resistance to ampicillin. In contrast to respiratory pathogens, low susceptibility of E. coli of pig and cattle isolates to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was noted. Regarding resistance trends, an increase in levels of resistance among E. coli isolates to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was identified, but the resistance of respiratory isolates was low, with the exception of M. haemolytica.
For the period of 2007–2011, there was a significant and almost continuous increase in sales (compared with population correction unit) of ceftiofur, cefquinome and other beta lactams for pigs. Consumption peaked in 2010. In the case of amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid, data showed a significant decrease in sales from 2007 to 2008, followed by a period of fluctuation. In cattle, within the groups of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and for the whole group of other betalactams for the period of 2007–2011, there was a significant and almost continuous increase in sales (compared with population correction unit). Consumption peaked in 2010. In the case of ceftiofur, there was a huge increase noted from 2010. In the case of amoxicillin in combination with betalactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid) data shows a significant decrease from 2007 to 2008, followed by a period of fluctuation in sales.
Several species of the genus Cryptolestes Ganglbauer, 1899 (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) are commonly found in stored products. In this study, five species of Cryptolestes, with almost worldwide ...distribution, were obtained from laboratories in China, Czech Republic and the USA: Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831), Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr, 1817), Cryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle, 1876), Cryptolestes pusilloides (Steel & Howe, 1952) and Cryptolestes capensis (Waltl, 1834). Molecular identification based on a 658 bp fragment from the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was adopted to overcome some problems of morphological identification of Cryptolestes species. The utility of COI sequences as DNA barcodes in discriminating the five Cryptolestes species was evaluated on adults and larvae by analysing Kimura 2-parameter distances, phylogenetic tree and haplotype networks. The results showed that molecular approaches based on DNA barcodes were able to accurately identify these species. This is the first study using DNA barcoding to identify Cryptolestes species and the gathered DNA sequences will complement the biological barcode database.
Pest control strategies and damage potential of seed-infesting pests in the Czech stores - a review Stejskal, V., Crop Research Institute, Prague (Czech Republic). Dept. of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety; Aulicky, R., Crop Research Institute, Prague (Czech Republic). Dept. of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety; Kucerova, Z., Crop Research Institute, Prague (Czech Republic). Dept. of Stored Pest Control and Food Safety
Plant Protection Science,
01/2014, Letnik:
50, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This work reviews the historical and current pest risks and research concerning seed storage in the Czech Republic (CR). Stored seed pests (i.e. animals causing injuries to the germ and endosperm) ...represent a high risk of economic damage due to the high value of seeds coupled with long-term seed storage in small storage units (e.g., boxes, satchels). Rodents represent a significant risk to all types of seeds, especially seeds stored in piles or bags. Mites, psocids, and moths are the main pests of stored grass and vegetable seeds: mites can decrease seed germinability by 52% and psocids caused 9.7% seed weight loss in broken wheat kernels after 3 months of infestation under laboratory conditions. Although beetles (Sitophilus sp., Tribolium sp., Oryzaephilus sp.) and moths (Plodia sp.) are common pests of grain seeds (e.g., wheat, barley, maize), two serious seed pests, Sitotroga cereallela and S. zemays, are rare in the CR. Bruchus pisorum is a common pest of pea seeds, while other Bruchids are rare in the Czech legume seed stores. Currently, the control of seed pests is becoming difficult because the efficient pesticides (e.g., methylbromide, dichlorvos, drinking anticoagulant rodent baits) for seed protection have been lost without the development of adequate substitutes. New research on seed protection in the CR using biological control (mite predators Cheyletus sp.), low pressure, modified atmospheres, and hydrogen cyanide is overviewed.
This review provides an account on the published information regarding the historical development of pest status and risk of stored product pest monitoring in Europe over the past 80 years. ...Additionally, it documents several risks that have been recently identified such as (i) the arthropod filth contamination of flour; (ii) infestation of the locally produced hams and cheeses; (iii) infestation of pet food; (iv) European north-south geographical shift of pasta infestation by Sitophilus oryzae and dried fruits by Carpoglyphus lactis; (v) outdoor pest refugees; (vi) unattended rodent baits as sources of infestation. Although the reviewed literature identified an increasing mites and psocids as a threat, the quantitative data enabling a statistically-robust evaluation of population trends are missing in most of the European countries. Using several recent examples this review demonstrates the fragmented and methodically non-uniform published information on stored products pests' surveillance in Europe. Additionally, this review highlights the discrepancies between EU and USA in trade food and agricultural commodity quality/safety parameters demonstrated by missing thresholds for arthropod filth fragments in stored food in Europe.
•We overviewed literature resources concerning pest risks associated with storage pests and stored product commodities in Europe.•We documented fragmented and methodically non-uniform publishedinformation on stored products pests' surveillance in Europe.
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