Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient computational technique, which uses Haar wavelets collocation approach coupled with the Newton-Raphson method and solves the following ...class of system of Lane–Emden equations:
−(tk1y′(t))′=t−ω1f1(t,y(t),z(t)),
−(tk2z′(t))′=t−ω2f2(t,y(t),z(t)),where t > 0, subject to the following initial values, boundary values and four-point boundary values:
y(0)=γ1, y′(0)=0, z(0)=γ2, z′(0)=0,
y′(0)=0, y(1)=δ1, z′(0)=0, z(1)=δ2,
y(0)=0, y(1)=n1z(v1), z(0)=0, z(1)=n2y(v2),where
n1,n2,v1,v2∈(0,1) and
k1≥0, k2≥0, ω1<1, ω2<1, γ1, γ2, δ1, δ2 are real constants.
Design/methodology/approach
To deal with singularity, Haar wavelets are used, and to deal with the nonlinear system of equations that arise during computation, the Newton-Raphson method is used. The convergence of these methods is also established and the results are compared with existing techniques.
Findings
The authors propose three methods based on uniform Haar wavelets approximation coupled with the Newton-Raphson method. The authors obtain quadratic convergence for the Haar wavelets collocation method. Test problems are solved to validate various computational aspects of the Haar wavelets approach. The authors observe that with only a few spatial divisions the authors can obtain highly accurate solutions for both initial value problems and boundary value problems.
Originality/value
The results presented in this paper do not exist in the literature. The system of nonlinear singular differential equations is not easy to handle as they are singular, as well as nonlinear. To the best of the knowledge, these are the first results for a system of nonlinear singular differential equations, by using the Haar wavelets collocation approach coupled with the Newton-Raphson method. The results developed in this paper can be used to solve problems arising in different branches of science and engineering.
The food chain from farmer to fork has grown into a very complex sector. Industrial robots are being integrated in every part of the food chain in order to increase production, create a higher ...quality product to exceed customer expectations. As the bar on quality standards raises higher year on year, food safety and hygiene becomes an even greater priority and customer's demands value for money. Food manufacturing robots are used all aspects of the food chain. Although the food sector is slow to adapt robots, the Food sector is the fourth most automatable sector. Robots are used for farming, transport, food production, packaging and delivering. 1 Robots are especially convenient for packaging of food items, where speed, consistency or high levels of repetition are needed. Robots usually win over humans in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The latest robots are equipped with intelligent vision, can multi- task and understand verbal commands. More businesses see the value in automation especially robotics which plays a vital role in process improvement. A smaller minority is still hesitant, sees it as a threat to their business, and is reluctant to implement robots. They argue that it will reduce jobs and employees will lose their valuable skills. The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyze and understand robotics in one of the largest sectors, the food chain.
We propose exact finite difference scheme (EFD) for Generalized Burgers Fisher (GBF) Equation
using solitary wave solution. Moreover a non-standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme is also proposed. ...The proposed EFD and NSFD scheme works for all
This scheme preserves the positivity and boundedness properties which is also discussed here. The method is shown to be stable, consistent and first-order accurate in both space and time. Approximate solutions of the GBF equation are obtained using NSFD scheme and in order to show the accuracy, the computed solutions are compared with the exact solution. Comparisons are shown with the other available methods to indicate that our method gives better result. These methods give accurate results even for relatively bigger values of step size.
Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture, will look at our understanding of the importance of "Phytomicrobiome" and explore its components, which provide plant development benefits, ...including nutrient availability, amelioration of stress, and defence to plant disease. This book will cover concepts of phytomicrobiome in the following four sections: 1. Phytomicrobiome concept2. "Omics" in phytomicrobiome studies3. Phytomicrobiome and climate change4. Phytomicrobiome engineering for sustainable agriculture The book will introduce and classify the corresponding Phytomicrobiome components and then present a detailed discussion related to its effect on plant development, controlling factors of this biome, its behaviour under climate change condition and beneficial effects. This book will also cover the new emerging technical concept of Phytomicrobiome engineering, which is an advanced concept to sustain agricultural productivity in recent climatic scenario. Hence, this book will provide instant access to comprehensive, cutting edge data, making it possible for plant scientists, and researchers to utilize this ever-growing wealth of information.
Aggregation of unfolded proteins occurs mainly through the exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Any mechanism of inhibition of this aggregation should explain the prevention of these hydrophobic ...interactions. Though arginine is prevalently used as an aggregation suppressor, its mechanism of action is not clearly understood. We propose a mechanism based on the hydrophobic interactions of arginine.
We have analyzed arginine solution for its hydrotropic effect by pyrene solubility and the presence of hydrophobic environment by 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid fluorescence. Mass spectroscopic analyses show that arginine forms molecular clusters in the gas phase and the cluster composition is dependent on the solution conditions. Light scattering studies indicate that arginine exists as clusters in solution. In the presence of arginine, the reverse phase chromatographic elution profile of Alzheimer's amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)) peptide is modified. Changes in the hydrodynamic volume of Abeta(1-42) in the presence of arginine measured by size exclusion chromatography show that arginine binds to Abeta(1-42). Arginine increases the solubility of Abeta(1-42) peptide in aqueous medium. It decreases the aggregation of Abeta(1-42) as observed by atomic force microscopy.
Based on our experimental results we propose that molecular clusters of arginine in aqueous solutions display a hydrophobic surface by the alignment of its three methylene groups. The hydrophobic surfaces present on the proteins interact with the hydrophobic surface presented by the arginine clusters. The masking of hydrophobic surface inhibits protein-protein aggregation. This mechanism is also responsible for the hydrotropic effect of arginine on various compounds. It is also explained why other amino acids fail to inhibit the protein aggregation.
Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. ...Lenalidomide is a 4-amino-glutamyl analogue of thalidomide that lacks the neurologic side effects of sedation and neuropathy and has emerged as a drug with activity against various hematological and solid malignancies. It is approved by FDA for clinical use in myelodysplastic syndromes with deletion of chromosome 5q and multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide has been shown to be an immunomodulator, affecting both cellular and humoral limbs of the immune system. It has also been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties. Newer studies demonstrate its effects on signal transduction that can partly explain its selective efficacy in subsets of MDS. Even though the exact molecular targets of lenalidomide are not well known, its activity across a spectrum of neoplastic conditions highlights the possibility of multiple target sites of action.
PurposeIn this article, the authors consider the following nonlinear singular boundary value problem (SBVP) known as Lane–Emden equations, −u″(t)-(α/t) u′(t) = g(t, u), 0 < t < 1 where α ≥ 1 subject ...to two-point and three-point boundary conditions. The authors propose to develop a novel method to solve the class of Lane–Emden equations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors improve the modified variation iteration method (VIM) proposed in JAAC, 9(4) 1242–1260 (2019), which greatly accelerates the convergence and reduces the computational task.FindingsThe findings revealed that either exact or highly accurate approximate solutions of Lane–Emden equations can be computed with the proposed method.Originality/valueNovel modification is made in the VIM that provides either exact or highly accurate approximate solutions of Lane-Emden equations, which does not exist in the literature.
The long-term performance of pavement is greatly influenced by the subgrade soil-bearing capacity. The areas with lower bearing capability experience higher construction costs due to soil ...replacement. Soil stabilization is one of the engineering measures that may be used to improve soil properties. The improvement in the soil properties varies depending on the soil type and type and dosage of the stabilizer. The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of the different types of stabilizers on different types of black cotton soil. In the present study, black cotton soil was treated with Terrasil (0.5, 0.75, and 1 kg/m3), Zycobond (0.5, 0.75, and 1 kg/m3), and lime (0, 2, and 3%). The influence of varying dosages of Terrasil, Zycobond, and lime showed a significant improvement in the FSI, CBR, and UCS. In this study, attempts were made to investigate the field performance of chemically treated black cotton soil. A 100 m trail section with chemical- and lime-treated subgrade was constructed and analyzed using the dynamic cone penetration test. Finally, the mechanical design indicated that the chemical stabilization layer could be helpful to reduce asphalt layer thickness by 30 mm and cost. It is anticipated that this study will be useful to perceive, visualize, and understand the advantages of chemically treated black cotton soil. Overall, it is a step toward sustainable construction, which will reduce the demand for natural materials by optimizing pavement design and the use of existing unsuitable materials (black cotton soil) in flexible pavement construction.
The transcription factor PU.1 is often impaired in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we used AML cells that already had low PU.1 levels and further inhibited PU.1 using either RNA ...interference or, to our knowledge, first-in-class small-molecule inhibitors of PU.1 that we developed specifically to allosterically interfere with PU.1-chromatin binding through interaction with the DNA minor groove that flanks PU.1-binding motifs. These small molecules of the heterocyclic diamidine family disrupted the interaction of PU.1 with target gene promoters and led to downregulation of canonical PU.1 transcriptional targets. shRNA or small-molecule inhibition of PU.1 in AML cells from either PU.1lo mutant mice or human patients with AML-inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity and induced apoptosis. In murine and human AML (xeno)transplantation models, treatment with our PU.1 inhibitors decreased tumor burden and resulted in increased survival. Thus, our study provides proof of concept that PU.1 inhibition has potential as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML and for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PU.1.
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