Cold‐pressed Camelina oil is a traditional oil registered as a traditional food in Poland. Camelina oil has health‐promoting properties and high oxidative stability. This may be due to the presence ...of various bioactive antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, sterols and polyphenols. Bioactive compounds content in Camelina oil depends mainly on the varieties and on the conditions under which the crop was grown therefore the aim of the research was to analyse antioxidant bioactive compounds in oil from different cultivars of Camelina sativa seeds and to determine their relationship with oil parameters.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of weather conditions over the course of 4 years (2016–2019) on the fatty acid profile of
Camelina sativa
. It was assumed that varieties and ...functional forms of plants (spring and winter genotypes) were characterized by a different fatty acid composition and that weather conditions affected the profile of fatty acids in camelina seeds. Statistical analyses were performed based on the results of chemical tests. Differences were found in the mean concentrations of C18:3n3, C18:3n6, C20:2 and C22:1 acids in all genotypes based on the Kruskal test. Two winter genotypes (Maczuga and 15/2/3) and the spring genotype UP2017/02 had the significantly highest content of C18:3n6. Genotypes CSS-CAM31, CSS-CAM30, BRSCHW 28347, CSS-CAM36 and Kirgzkij showed the highest content of C18:3n3. The lowest C18:3n3 content was found in winter genotypes: K9/1, 15/2/3, Przybrodzka (winter form) and C5. It was found that weather conditions deviating from the long-term average, both in terms of temperature and precipitation, did not affect the quantitative profile of fatty acids. Over the 4 years, no differences were observed in the fatty acid profile between the spring and winter forms. Observations made in this study allow to state that spring and winter forms of
Camelina sativa
retain a constant fatty acid composition regardless of changing weather conditions.
The forest environment is exposed to a number of harmful factors that significantly reduce the resistance of forest stands, often leading to their extinction. In addition to abiotic and anthropogenic ...factors, biotic factors pose a significant threat to forests, among which insect pests are at the top of the list. Until now, the use of chemical insecticides has been considered the most effective method of pest control, resulting in pesticide residue in the environment. In an effort to minimize the harmful effects of insecticides, the European Union (EU), through EU Commission Implementing Regulations 2022/94, 2021/2081, 2021/795, and 2020/1643, has decided to withdraw from use a number of preparations containing compounds such as phosmet, indoxacarb, alpha-cypermethrin, and imidacloprid, among others. Botanical insecticides appear to be a promising alternative. Among them, plant oils and essential oils have become an innovative solution for controlling pests not only of forests but also of agricultural crops. The purpose of this literature review was to select oilseed plants with great biological potential. The rich chemical compositions of the seeds of Brassica carinata (A.) Braun and Camelina sativa (L.) Cranz predispose them to use as raw materials for the production of biopesticides with broad mechanisms of action. On the one hand, the oil will provide a physical action of covering pests feeding on a plant with a thin film, which will consequently lead to a reduction in gas exchange processes. On the other hand, the bioactive compounds in it or extracts of fat-insoluble compounds suspended in it and derived from the pomace fraction may have deterrent or lethal effects. This paper presents evidence of the potential action of these raw materials. Preparations based on these oils will not pose a threat to living beings and will not negatively affect the environment, thus allowing them to gain social acceptance.
Problems related with biological contamination of plant origin raw materials have a considerable effect on prevention systems at each stage of food production. Concerning the antimicrobial action of ...phenolic acids, studies were undertaken to investigate antibacterial properties against bacterial strains of
(EC),
(PF),
(ML) and
(PM), as well as antifungal properties targeting microscopic fungi
spp., extracts of phenolic compounds coming from inoculated grain from various genotypes of cereals. This study evaluated the antimicrobial action of phenolic acids extracts obtained from both naturally infested and inoculated with microorganisms. For this purpose a total of 24 cereal cultivars were selected, including 9 winter and 15 spring cultivars. The analyses showed a bactericidal effect in the case of 4 extracts against
(ML), 14 extracts against
(PF), 17 extracts against
(EC) as well as 16 extracts against
(PM). It was found that 3 out of the 24 extracts showed no antibacterial activity. In turn, fungicidal action was observed in the case of 17 extracts against
(FC) (NIV), 16 extracts against FC (3AcDON), 12 extracts against
(FG) (3AcDON), while 12 other extracts showed antifungal action against FG (NIV) and 19 extracts against
(FL). Based on the conducted analyses it was found that grain of small-grained cereals exposed to fungal infection is a source of bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial properties. It was observed that the qualitative and quantitative profiles of polyphenols vary depending on the cereal cultivar. This extracts may be used to develop an antimicrobial preparation applicable in organic farming.
A field experiment with 66 spring biotypes and 9 winter biotypes of Camelina sativa was conducted in Poland in a two-year cycle (2016-2017). The quantitative profile of 8 flavonoid aglycones, 12 ...phenolic acids and the fatty acid profile were analysed. There were no significant differences in the concentration of total flavonoids, phenolic acids and fatty acids in the camelina seeds during the research years, but there were differences between the spring and winter cultivars. The total concentration of flavonoids in the spring forms amounted from 404 ± 38.5 to 429.9 ± 13.8 mg/kg; in the winter ones from 507.3 ± 51.4 to 526.4 ± 10.4 mg/kg. Similarly with phenolic acids, the concentration ranged from 2043.6 ± 62.5 to 2174.0 ± 145.2 mg/kg in the spring forms and from 3936.0 ± 210.8 to 3704.7 ± 195.4 mg/kg in the winter forms. The linoleic acid comprised 14% of total fatty acid content in spring biotypes and 16% in winter ones, while α-linolenic acid had similar content (37-38%). Camelina's adaptation to vast areas of the world, high oil concentration and its composition and properties makes it a suitable oil source for the production of biofuels, jet fuel, biobased-products, feed and food.
Camelina oil obtained from the seeds of
exhibits strong antioxidative properties. This study was based on four years of field experiments conducted on 63 genotypes of spring and 11 genotypes of ...winter camelina. The aim of the study was to determine the variability in the content of the selected bioactive compounds, depending on the weather conditions during the cultivation, the functional form, and genotype. The cultivation form of the genotypes analysed in our study did not exhibit significant differences in the quantitative profiles of the tested phenolic acids and flavonoids. Sinapic acid was the most abundant of all phenolic acids under analysis (617-668 mg/kg), while quercetin was the main flavonoid (91-161 mg/kg). Camelina has great potential not only for the food industry but also for researchers attempting to breed an oil plant with the stable biosynthesis of bioactive compounds to ensure oxidative protection of obtained fat.
Camelina sativa is an oilseed plant that produces seed oil rich in vitamins, UFA (unsaturated fatty acids), phytosterols, and polyphenols. Most, but not all, bioactive compounds are soluble in oil. ...So far, studies have been based analyzing the profile of bioactive compounds only in oil. As part of this work, it was decided to examine the seeds, oil, and pomace of four genotypes of Camelina sativa (three spring genotypes and one winter cultivar). The transmission of bioactive compounds to oil and pomace was compared to their content in seeds. The quantitative profile of selected bioactive compounds was analyzed: eight flavonoid aglycons, 11 phenolic acids, three carotenoids, and 19 fatty acids. As a result of pressing more than 80% of flavonoids entered oil, whereas 20% remained in the pomace. When the content of phenolic acids in seeds and in oil was compared, it turned out that on average 50% of these compounds entered oil. Among all the phenolic acids under analysis the highest contents of chlorogenic, caffeic, and sinapic acids were found both in camelina seeds and oil. Similarly to the other bioactive compounds, more than 70% of fat-soluble carotenoids were extracted from camelina seeds with oil. Most of the genotypes had the fatty acid composition and the ω-6/ω-3 ratio characteristic of camelina oil. Camelina oil is characterized by properties that enable its extensive use in the food industry.
Camelina sativa
L. Crantz (Brassicaceae family), known as camelina, has gained new attention as a re-emerging oil seed crop. With a unique seed oil profile, with the majority of the fatty acids ...consisting of linolenic (C18:3), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and eicosenoic (C20:1), camelina oil is reported to be useful as a food oil and biofuel. However, there are still many unknown factors about the structure and genetic variability of this crop. Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S rDNA and 25S rDNA sequences as molecular probes on mitotic chromosomes of enzymatically digested root-tip meristematic cells. Here, we present for the first time a comparative analysis of selected genotypes (cultivars, breeding lines and mutants) of
C. sativa
with the use of cytogenetic techniques. The main aim of the study was to determine the intraspecific and interspecific polymorphisms in the structure of chromosomes of selected accessions using conserved 5S and 25S rDNA repetitive sequences as molecular probes. The results were compared with
C. microcarpa
(closely related to
C. sativa
) rDNA gene loci distribution. The presence of minor rDNA sites was discussed and compared with other Brassicaceae species. In addition, demonstration karyograms of
C. sativa
and
C. microcarpa
mapped with rDNA probes were prepared based on the cv. “Przybrodzka” and GE2011-02 genotype, respectively. The use of 5S and 25S rDNA probes provided an insight on the genome structure of
C. sativa
at the cytogenetic level and can help to understand the genome organization of this crop. The putative role of cytogenetic markers in phylogenetic analyses of camelina was discussed, as well.
The aim of this study was to see whether it is possible to add camelina oil and seeds as ingredients in muffins in order to enhance their health-promoting value, such as their bioactive compound ...content, while maintaining the organoleptic attributes considered desirable by consumers. Camelina oil is characterised by a high linolenic acid content. Four types of muffins were prepared for analysis: MBnO—control muffins (containing 11.85% rapeseed oil), MCsO—muffins containing camelina oil instead of rapeseed oil, MCsS—muffins containing 6.65% camelina seeds in relation to the mass of prepared dough, and MCsOS—muffins containing both camelina oil and camelina seeds. The change in the fatty acid profile in muffins with the addition of camelina oil was significant; however, it was found that, as a result of thermal treatment, lower amounts of saturated fatty acids were formed. Among all the investigated experimental variants, muffins were characterised by the highest contents of all the phenolic acids analysed. The substitution of rapeseed oil with camelina oil had no negative effect on most of the organoleptic attributes of the muffins. Moreover, thanks to a greater content of carotenoids, camelina oil had an advantageous effect on the improvement of product colour, thus improving its overall desirability.
Camelina is an oil plant classified as a minor crop. The small acreage is the main cause of the small amount of plant protection products that are registered for use on camelina plantations. This ...contributes to difficulties in the protection of this plant. In the conducted experiment, the genetic similarity of genotypes of camelina was compared. The effect of selected herbicides (propaquizafop at rate 70 g a.i. ha−1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at rate 50 g a.i. ha−1, clopyralid at rate 90 g a.i. ha−1, and picloram at rate 24 g a.i. ha−1 applied in the three-four-leaves growth stage of camelina) on six individual genotypes of the plant and plant chlorophyll fluorescence after the use of these substances was also determined. The Przybrodzka variety showed the lowest level of damage in the assessment carried out 42 days after herbicide application and the damages of plants after quizalofop-p-ethyl and propaquizafop was completely gone. The variety Przybrodzka had the lowest genetic similarity to all analyzed genotypes. In other cases, genetic similarity of analyzed genotypes could not be linked to herbicide-related damage. Picloram contributed to the greatest damage to test plants and had the greatest impact on the operation of photosystem II (PSII). However, the level of plant chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values indicates small PSII damage for all substances and the possibility of subsequent plant regeneration. The results of the presented research indicate that it is worth referring to several plant varieties in phytotoxicity studies of herbicides towards arable crops.
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