Background
Recently reported normal values for esophageal motility obtained by high‐resolution manometry (HRM) using a system with a Unisensor catheter were significantly different from those ...obtained by the ManoScan®, which could result in a wrong diagnosis. To clarify whether these differences were due to system or subject differences, we compared the manometric parameter values between ManoScan and a new system with a Unisensor catheter (Starlet) in the same subjects.
Methods
A total of 103 volunteers without any symptoms related to esophageal motility disorders were recruited. Esophageal HRM was performed using both the ManoScan and the Starlet in all subjects. Data from the ManoScan were analyzed using ManoView, and data from the Starlet were analyzed by a program with e‐sleeve function. Integrated relaxation pressure, distal contractile integral, contractile front velocity (CFV), intrabolus pressure, and distal latency were calculated by both analyzing programs, and the values of these parameters were compared between the two systems by a signed rank test.
Key Results
Data from a total of 97 participants were analyzed. The values of all parameters, except CFV, measured by the Starlet were significantly higher than those obtained by the ManoScan (p < 0.01).
Conclusions & Inferences
Both systems can measure esophageal motility appropriately; nevertheless, we confirmed that the two systems showed different values of the parameters defined by the Chicago criteria. These differences should be recognized to evaluate esophageal motility precisely.
Both the ManoScan and the instrument with a Unisensor catheter (Starlet) can evaluate esophageal motility precisely, but as the results differ significantly between the two, care should be taken in using the values obtained. A: ManoScan, B: Starlet.
This paper presents an investigation on the scale effects associated with the powering performance of a Gate Rudder System (GRS) which was recently introduced as a novel energy-saving propulsion and ...maneuvring device. This new system was applied for the first time on a 2400 GT domestic container ship, and full-scale sea trials were conducted successfully in Japan, in 2017. The trials confirmed the superior powering and maneuvring performance of this novel system. However, a significant discrepancy was also noticed between the model test-based performance predictions and the full-scale measurements. The discrepancy was in the power-speed data and also in the maneuvring test data when these data were compared with the data of her sister container ship which was equipped with a conventional flap rudder. Twelve months after the delivery of the vessel with the gate rudder system, the voyage data revealed a surprisingly more significant difference in the powering performance based on the voyage data. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to take a further step towards an improved estimation of the powering performance of ships with a GRS with a specific emphasis on the scale effect issues associated with a GRS. More specifically, this study investigated the scale effects on the powering performance of a gate rudder system based on the analyses of the data from two tank tests and full-scale trials with the above-mentioned sister ships. The study focused on the corrections for the scale effects, which were believed to be associated with the drag and lift characteristics of the gate rudder blades due to the low Reynolds number experienced in model tests combined with the unique arrangement of this rudder and propulsion system. Based on the appropriate semi-empirical approaches that support model test and full-scale data, this study verified the scale effect phenomenon and presented the associated correction procedure. Also, this study presented an enhanced methodology for the powering performance prediction of a ship driven by a GRS implementing the proposed scale effect correction. The predicted powering performance of the subject container vessel with the GRS presented an excellent agreement with the full-scale trials data justifying the claimed scale effect and associated correction procedure, as well as the proposed enhanced methodology for the practical way of predicting the powering performance of a ship with the GRS.
In order to extract neutrino oscillation parameters, long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions with nuclei. These models constitute an important ...source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been blind to final state neutrons. Three-dimensional projection scintillator trackers comprise components of the near detectors of the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiments. Due to the good timing resolution and fine granularity, this technology is capable of measuring neutron kinetic energy in neutrino interactions on an event-by-event basis and will provide valuable data for refining neutrino interaction models and ways to reconstruct neutrino energy. Two prototypes have been exposed to the neutron beamline at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in both 2019 and 2020, with neutron energies between 0 and 800 MeV. In order to demonstrate the capability of neutron detection, the total neutron-scintillator cross section as a function of neutron energy is measured and compared to external measurements. The measured total neutron cross section in scintillator between 98 and 688 MeV is 0.36 ± 0.05 barn.
Monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) is known to influence the endocrine system and gastrointestinal (GI) motility. The mechanism of postprandial glycemic control by food in the GI tract is mostly unknown ...and of great interest.
To investigate the effect of MSG on glucose homeostasis, incretin secretion and gastric emptying in humans after a lipid-containing meal.
Thirteen healthy male volunteers (mean age, 25.5 years) and with no Helicobcter pylori infection were enrolled. A 400 mL (520 kcal) liquid meal with MSG (2 g, 0.5% wt:vol) or NaCl (control) was ingested in a single-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma glucagon, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide were measured. Gastric emptying was monitored by a 13C acetate breath test. Postprandial symptoms were assessed on a visual analogue scale.
The 30-min postprandial glucose concentration was significantly reduced by adding MSG to the test meal. The area under the glucose concentration vs. time curve (0-60 min) was also significantly reduced by adding MSG (40.6 ± 3.51 mg·1 hr/dL with MSG vs. 49.2 ± 3.86 mg·1 hr/dL with NaCl, P = 0.047), whereas, the 30-min postprandial plasma GLP-1 level was significantly increased (58.1 ± 15.8 pmol/L with MSG vs. 13.4 ± 15.8 pmol/L with NaCl, P = 0.035). MSG did not affect the half gastric emptying time or postprandial symptoms.
Monosodium l-glutamate improved early postprandial glycaemia after a lipid-containing liquid meal. This effect was not associated with a change in gastric emptying, but was possibly related to stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion.
Nocturnal polyuria is the most frequent cause of nocturia, a common disease associated with a compromised quality of life and increased mortality. Its pathogenesis is complex, and the detailed ...underlying mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we report that concomitant intake of a high-salt diet and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production achieved through N
-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) administration in mice resulted in nocturnal polyuria recapitulating the clinical features in humans. High salt intake under reduced NO production overactivated the angiotensin II-SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase)-NCC (sodium chloride co-transporter) pathway in the kidney, resulting in the insufficient excretion of sodium during the day and its excessive excretion at night. Excessive Na excretion at night in turn leads to nocturnal polyuria due to osmotic diuresis. Our study identified a central role for the intrarenal angiotensin II-SPAK-NCC pathway in the pathophysiology of nocturnal polyuria, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
Background It has been reported that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease is high in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). End‐inspiratory intra‐esophageal pressure ...decreases progressively during OSA, which has been thought to facilitate GER in OSA patients. The aim of our study was to clarify the mechanisms of GER during sleep (sleep‐GER) in OSA patients.
Methods Eight OSA patients with reflux esophagitis (RE), nine OSA patients without RE, and eight healthy controls were studied. Polysomnography with concurrent esophageal manometry and pH recording were performed.
Key Results Significantly more sleep‐GER occurred in OSA patients with RE than without RE or in controls (P < 0.05). The severity of OSA did not differ between OSA patients with RE and without RE. Sleep‐GER was mainly caused by transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR), but not by negative intra‐esophageal pressure during OSA. During OSA gastroesophageal junction pressure progressively increased synchronous to intra‐esophageal pressure decrease. OSA patients had significantly more TLESR events during sleep related to preceding arousals and shallow sleep, but the number of TLESR events was not related to RE.
Conclusions & Inferences In OSA patients, sleep‐GER was mainly caused by TLESR, but not by negative intra‐esophageal pressure due to OSA.
High‐viscosity liquid meal accelerates gastric emptying Shimoyama, Y.; Kusano, M.; Kawamura, O. ...
Neurogastroenterology and motility,
November 2007, 2007-Nov, 2007-11-00, 20071101, Letnik:
19, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Adding pectin to an elemental formula increases its viscosity through gelatinization, thus presumably preventing gastro‐oesophageal reflux and aspiration pneumonia. We investigated the influence of ...the viscosity of an elemental formula on gastric emptying. Eleven healthy volunteers underwent three tests at intervals of >1 week. After fasting for >8 h, each subject received a test meal (enteral nutrition solution, enteral solution plus pectin, or water). Then gastric emptying (continuous 13C breath test), gastro‐oesophageal intraluminal pressures, oesophageal pH, and blood levels of glucose, insulin and gastrin were all measured simultaneously. The gastric emptying coefficient was significantly increased by adding pectin to enteral nutrition (3.01 ± 0.10 vs 2.78 ± 0.10, mean ± SE, P < 0.05). The antral motility index was also significantly higher with pectin than without at 45–60 min and 60–75 min after the test meal (526 ± 237 vs 6.5 ± 4.6 mmHg s−1 and 448 ± 173 vs 2.3 ± 2.3 mmHg s−1 respectively; P < 0.05). Plasma glucose was significantly higher with pectin than without it at 60 min after ingestion (141.5 ± 6.03 vs 125.8 ± 4.69 μm mL−1, P < 0.05). In healthy individuals, pectin increased the viscosity of enteral nutrition and accelerated gastric emptying.
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