It is of high interest of a society to explore and support self-employment which is a prerequisite for development of entrepreneurship and, consequently, the growth of economy. Keeping in mind ...political and economic differences in Croatia, Poland, Serbia and Slovakia, the level of self-employment intentions was investigated among students at agricultural or life science universities in these countries. The self-employment intention level (SEINT) was measured on a scale of 1 to 5. The total sample of 1,156 respondents involved students from Nitra, Warsaw, Zagreb and Novi Sad. The average SEINT value was 2.97, with students located in Novi Sad expressing significantly higher scores than the other three universities. It was found that some of socio-demographic factors are significantly related to the SEINT. However, the main reasons for significant difference in SEINT for Novi Sad students are believed to be due to the differences in macroeconomic conditions in the country.
Strength is a motor ability that largely determines the features of a move. In the area of conven-tional sports, that is the very facet that serves as the basis for its importance, which is ...corroborated by several studies. In sport dance, it is usually demonstrated in the form of repetitive and explosive strength and in the function of introducing nuances in the dynamics of dance performance. How big the importance of some manifestations of strength for the quality of Latin-American and Ballroom dances performance as sport dance disciplines is, is the topic that this paper deals with. The research included 49 sport dancers of both genders, age 12-15. The results of the research point out to the fact that there are different approaches in validation of the contribution of strength for the quality and performance of Latin-American and Ballroom dance. Namely, strength as a motoric ability has statistically significant effects on the quality of Latin-American performance technique, while in Ball-room dances it does not appear to be statistically significant. The obtained differences in the significance of the contribution in the observed dance disciplines are, for sure, a confirmation of the necessity to have an individual approach in planning and programming of training process, particularly for Ball-room and Latin-American dances.
Snaga je motorička sposobnost koja umnogome određuje karakter nekog kretanja. U prostoru konvencionalnih sportova upravo u toj osobini se i temelji njena značajna uloga o čemu svjedoče neka ...istraživanja. U sportskom plesu ona se najčešće ispoljava u obliku repetitivne i eksplozivne snage i u funkciji je preciznog doziranja dinamike plesnog izvođenja. Koliki je značaj nekih manifestacija snage na kvalitet ispoljavanja tehnike latinoameričkih i standardnih plesova, kao disciplina u sportskom plesu, predstavlja i osnovni problem ovog rada. Istraživanje je provedeno na 49 plesača sportskog plesa oba pola starosnog uzrasta od 12 do 15 godina. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da se doprinos snage na kvalitet ispoljavanja tehnike kod latinoameričkih i standardnih plesova različito vrednuje. Naime, snaga kao motorička sposobnost ima statistički značajan uticaj na kvalitet ispoljavanja tehnike kod latinoameričkih plesova, dok se kod standardnih plesova nije pokazala kao statistički značajna. Dobijene razlike u značaju doprinosa snage na posmatrane plesne discipline, svakako, je potvrda o neophodnosti individualnog pristupa planiranju i programiranju trenažnog rada posebno za standardne, a posebno za latinoameričke plesove.
It is of high interest of a society to explore and support self-employment which is a prerequisite for development of entrepreneurship and, consequently, the growth of economy. Keeping in mind ...political and economic differences in Croatia, Poland, Serbia and Slovakia, the level of self-employment intentions was investigated among students at agricultural or life science universities in these countries. The self-employment intention level (SEINT) was measured on a scale of 1 to 5. The total sample of 1,156 respondents involved students from Nitra, Warsaw, Zagreb and Novi Sad. The average SEINT value was 2.97, with students located in Novi Sad expressing significantly higher scores than the other three universities. It was found that some of socio-demographic factors are significantly related to the SEINT. However, the main reasons for significant difference in SEINT for Novi Sad students are believed to be due to the differences in macroeconomic conditions in the country.
U interesu je svakog društva razvijati samozapošljavanje među studentima, jer je za očekivati da će upravo oni biti lideri gospodarstva u bliskoj budućnosti. Uzimajući u obzir političke i gospodarske ...razlike između Hrvatske, Poljske, Slovačke i Srbije, ispitane su namjere samozapošljavanju među studentima područja poljoprivrede i životnih znanosti u navedenim zemljama. Razina namjere samozaposlenja (SEINT) je mjerena na skali od 1-5. Ukupno je ispitano 1.156 studenata sa sveučilišta u Nitri, Varšavi, Zagrebu i Novom Sadu. Prosječna vrijednost za SEINT iznosila je 2.97, pri čemu je prosjek studenata iz Novog Sada statistički značajno viši nego na ostala tri sveučilišta. Utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost nekih od socio-demografskih čimbenika s vrijednošću SEINT. Rezultati ukazuju na zaključak da glavni razlog za značajno različite vrijednosti kod studenata iz Novog sada dolazi od razlike u makroekonomskim uvjetima u pojedinoj zemlji.
To assess the mortality attributable to infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and to investigate the effect of clinical management on differences in observed outcomes in a ...multinational matched cohort study.
A prospective matched-cohorts study (NCT02709408) was performed in 50 European hospitals from March 2016 to November 2018. The main outcome was 30-day mortality with an active post-discharge follow-up when applied. The CRE cohort included patients with complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, pneumonia, or bacteraemia from other sources because of CRE. Two control cohorts were selected: patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) and patients without infection. Matching criteria included type of infection for the CSE group, hospital ward of CRE detection, and duration of hospital admission up to CRE detection. Multivariable and stratified Cox regression was applied.
The cohorts included 235 patients with CRE infection, 235 patients with CSE infection, and 705 non-infected patients. The 30-day mortality (95% CI) was 23.8% (18.8–29.6), 10.6% (7.2–15.2), and 8.4% (6.5–10.6), respectively. The difference in 30-day mortality rates between patients with CRE infection when compared with patients with CSE infection was 13.2% (95% CI, 6.3–20.0), (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.55–4.26; p < 0.001), and 15.4% (95% CI, 10.5–20.2) when compared with non-infected patients (HR, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.57–5.77; p < 0.001). The population attributable fraction for 30-day mortality for CRE vs. CSE was 19.28%, and for CRE vs. non-infected patients was 9.61%. After adjustment for baseline variables, the HRs for mortality were 1.87 (95% CI, 0.99–3.50; p 0.06) and 3.65 (95% CI, 2.29–5.82; p < 0.001), respectively. However, when treatment-related time-dependent variables were added, the HR of CRE vs. CSE reduced to 1.44 (95% CI, 0.78–2.67; p 0.24).
CRE infections are associated with significant attributable mortality and increased adjusted hazard of mortality when compared with CSE infections or patients without infection. Underlying patient characteristics and a delay in appropriate treatment play an important role in the CRE mortality.
IntroductionLaboratory plays important part in screening, diagnosis, and management of thyroid disorders. The aim of this study was to estimate current laboratory preanalytical, analytical and ...postanalytical practices and policies in Croatia.
Materials and methodsWorking Group for Laboratory Endocrinology of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine designed a questionnaire with 27 questions and statements regarding practices and protocols in measuring thyroid function tests. The survey was sent to 111 medical biochemistry laboratories participating in external quality assurance scheme for thyroid hormones organized by Croatian Centre for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine. Data is presented as absolute numbers and proportions.
ResultsFifty-three participants returned the questionnaire. Response rate varied depending on question, yielding a total survey response rate of 46-48%. All respondents perform thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). From all other thyroid tests, most performed is free thyroxine (37/53) and least TSH-stimulating immunoglobulin (1/53). Laboratories are using nine different immunoassay methods. One tenth of laboratories is verifying manufacturer’s declared limit of quantification for TSH and one third is verifying implemented reference intervals for all performed tests. Most of laboratories (91%) adopt the manufacturer’s reference interval for adult population. Reference intervals for TSH are reported with different percentiles (90, 95 or 99 percentiles).
ConclusionThis survey showed current practices and policies in Croatian laboratories regarding thyroid testing. The results identified some critical spots and will serve as a foundation in creating national guidelines in order to harmonize laboratory procedures in thyroid testing in Croatia.
Data on risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) with wider applicability are needed to inform preventive measures and efficient design of randomised trials.
An international ...matched case-control-control study was performed in 50 hospitals with high CRE incidence from March 2016 to November 2018 to investigate different aspects of infections caused by CRE (NCT02709408). Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.
Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-β-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74–15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03–3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25–3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00–1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40–5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23–0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results.
The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous colonization, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics.
The study was funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (https://www.imi.europa.eu/) under Grant Agreement No. 115620 (COMBACTE-CARE).
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