La cardiomyopathie du péripartum (CMPP) dont la pathogénie reste mal connue est caractérisée par une défaillance myocardique qui peut survenir durant le dernier mois de la grossesse et jusqu’à cinq ...mois après l’accouchement. L’objectif de cette revue est de détailler les mécanismes physiopathologiques, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, aussi bien que la prise en charge thérapeutique et le pronostic de cette pathologie.
Nous avons fait une analyse de la littérature sur cette pathologie et nous avons recherché sur le Medline, PubMed et sur le Google la liste des articles pour des références appropriées.
La CMPP est une cardiomyopathie dilatée fréquente en Afrique noire. Sa physiopathologie semble être complexe et plusieurs hypothèses physiopathologiques ont été avancées : le rôle de l’inflammation, des infections virales et des mécanismes auto-immunes semble être prédominant. Ce diagnostic devrait être limité aux femmes en bonne santé qui se présentent pour une insuffisance cardiaque pouvant s’aggraver très rapidement. La confirmation diagnostique se fait par l’échographie cardiaque qui montre une cardiomyopathie dilatée survenant pendant le péripartum, avec une altération de la fonction ventriculaire gauche (fraction d’éjection <
45 %). Le traitement conventionnel repose sur l’utilisation des diurétiques, des vasodilatateurs et parfois de la digoxine. Les tonicardiaques seront utilisés chez les patients qui ne répondent pas aux traitements conventionnels. Dans les cas résistants, les immunoglobulines et/ou les immunosuppresseurs peuvent être utilisés. Le pronostic est fortement lié à la récupération de la fonction cardiaque. En se basant sur les données récentes, une grossesse ultérieure ne peut être autorisée que chez les patientes qui récupèrent une fonction cardiaque normale.
La CMPP est une forme rare mais grave de l’insuffisance cardiaque dont la pathogénie reste mal connue. Le pronostic est étroitement lié à la récupération complète de la fonction cardiaque.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and life-threatening disease of unknown aetiology. The primary objective of this review was to analysed aetiopathogeneses, clinical presentation and diagnosis, as well as pharmacological, perioperative and intensive care management and prognosis of this pathology.
We undertook a systematic review of the literature using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed searches.
Unlike other parts of the world in which cardiomyopathy are rare, dilated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure throughout Africa. Its aetiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but recent evidence supports inflammation, viral infection and autoimmunity as the leading causative hypotheses. This diagnosis should be limited to previously healthy women who present with congestive heart failure (CHF) and decreased left ventricular systolic function in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery. Recently, introduction of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Conventional treatment consists of diuretics, vasodilators, and sometimes digoxin and anticoagulants, usually in combination. Patients who fail to recover may require inotropic therapy. In resistant cases, newer therapeutic modalities such as immunomodulation, immunoglobulin and immunosuppression may be considered. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction. Compared to historically higher mortality rates, recent reports describe better outcome, probably because of advances in medical care. Based on current information, future pregnancy is usually not recommended in patients who fail to recover normal heart function.
PPCM is a rare but serious form of cardiac failure affecting women in the last months of pregnancy or early puerperium. Its aetiopathogenesis is still poorly understood. Introduction of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and life-threatening disease of unknown aetiology. The primary objective of this review was to analysed aetiopathogeneses, clinical presentation and ...diagnosis, as well as pharmacological, perioperative and intensive care management and prognosis of this pathology.
We undertook a systematic review of the literature using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed searches.
Unlike other parts of the world in which cardiomyopathy are rare, dilated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure throughout Africa. Its aetiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but recent evidence supports inflammation, viral infection and autoimmunity as the leading causative hypotheses. This diagnosis should be limited to previously healthy women who present with congestive heart failure (CHF) and decreased left ventricular systolic function in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery. Recently, introduction of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Conventional treatment consists of diuretics, vasodilators, and sometimes digoxin and anticoagulants, usually in combination. Patients who fail to recover may require inotropic therapy. In resistant cases, newer therapeutic modalities such as immunomodulation, immunoglobulin and immunosuppression may be considered. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction. Compared to historically higher mortality rates, recent reports describe better outcome, probably because of advances in medical care. Based on current information, future pregnancy is usually not recommended in patients who fail to recover normal heart function.
PPCM is a rare but serious form of cardiac failure affecting women in the last months of pregnancy or early puerperium. Its aetiopathogenesis is still poorly understood. Introduction of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction.
Abstract
The current work attempts to explore the influence of three extraction solvents on phytochemical composition, content of polyphenols, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial capacity of ...hydroethanolic, acetonic, and aqueous extracts from Moroccan
Mentha longifolia
leaves. To achieve this goal, the chemical composition was identified using an HPLC–DAD examination. The contents of polyphenols were assessed, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the DPPH test, and the reducing power test (RP) were utilized to determine antioxidant capacity. To assess the antibacterial activity, the microdilution technique was carried out to calculate the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of extracts against four nosocomial bacteria (
Bacillus cereus
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Escherichia coli
,
S
taphylococcus aureus
). Additionally, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of all tested extracts were examined in silico against the proteins NADPH oxidase and
Bacillus cereus
phospholipase C. Study reveals that
M. longifolia
extracts contain high phenolic and flavonoids. Additionally, the hydroethanolic extract contained the highest amounts of phenolic and flavonoid content, with values of 23.52 ± 0.14 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 17.62 ± 0.36 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g dry weight, respectively compared to the other two extracts. The same extract showed the best antioxidant capacity (IC
50
= 39 µg/mL ± 0.00), and the higher RP (EC
50
of 0.261 ± 0.00 mg/mL), compared to the acetonic and aqueous extract regarding these tests. Furthermore, the hydroethanolic and acetonic extracts expressed the highest TAC (74.40 ± 1.34, and 52.40 ± 0.20 mg EAA/g DW respectively), compared with the aqueous extract. Regarding antibacterial activity, the MIC value ranges between 1.17 and 12.50 mg/mL. The in-silico results showed that the antibacterial activity of all extracts is principally attributed to kaempferol and ferulic acid, while antioxidant capacity is attributed to ferulic acid.
In this paper, two types of distributed control functions, vaccine and treatment have been applied to a spatiotemporal SIR model with no-flux boundary conditions. The spatiotemporal SIR epidemic ...model is formulated from existing SIR epidemic model by including a diffusion term in his different compartments to study the impact of spatial heterogeneity of disease transmission in dense regions. Our main objective to find the optimal control pair that minimizes the number of infected individuals, the corresponding vaccination and treatment costs. The existence of the positive solution for the state system and the existence of a distributed optimal control pair are proved. Techniques of optimal control are used to characterize optimal control pair in terms of state and adjoint functions. The optimality system is solved numerically; the numerical results show that the control effect is effective if the treatment and vaccine strategies are used simultaneously.
Comparison exercises have been carried out by different research teams to study the sensitivity of the natural convection occurring in a vertical asymmetrically heated channel to four sets of open ...boundary conditions. The dimensionless parameters have been chosen so that a return flow exists at the outlet. On the whole, results provided by the partners are in good agreement; benchmark solutions are then defined for each of the boundary conditions. Whilst the local and average Nusselt numbers based on the entrance temperature do not depend much on conditions applied in the aperture sections, the net fluid flow rates crossing the channel and the characteristics of the recirculation cells are highly influenced. But we proved that these modifications of flow patterns do not alter significantly the fluid flow rates leaving the channel through the exit section.
•Natural convection of air in a vertical channel asymmetrically heated.•Sensitivity of fluid flow and heat transfer to open boundary conditions.•Comparison exercise and benchmark solutions.
Chitosan and Nafion® are both reported as interesting polymers to be integrated into the structure of 3D electrodes for biofuel cells. Their advantage is mainly related to their chemical properties, ...which have a positive impact on the stability of electrodes such as the laccase-based biocathode. For optimal function in implantable applications the biocathode requires coating with a biocompatible semi-permeable membrane that is designed to prevent the loss of enzyme activity and to protect the structure of the biocathode. Since such membranes are integrated into the electrodes ultimately implanted, they must be fully characterized to demonstrate that there is no interference with the performance of the electrode. In the present study, we demonstrate that chitosan provides superior stability compared with Nafion® and should be considered as an optimum solution to enhance the biocompatibility and the stability of 3D bioelectrodes.
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•We synthesis a chitosan flexible membrane.•We examine the physical, mechanical and electrical properties of chitosan membrane.•We examine the performances of MWCNTs-laccase biocathode coated chitosan membrane.•We compare chitosan membrane with Nafion membrane for laccase based biocathode applications.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were used in various fields such as food industry, cosmetics, medicine, and agriculture. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology, the adverse effects of ...nanoparticles are inevitable. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of bee bread on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle toxicity. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 received daily by gavage (10 mL/kg bw) of distilled water, Group 2 received bee bread ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw), Group 3 received TiO2 (100 mg/kg bw) and distilled water (10 mL/kg bw), and Group 4 received TiO2 (100 mg/kg bw) and bee bread ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw). All treatments were given daily by gavage during 30 days. At the end of the experiment period, blood samples were collected to analyze fasting blood glucose, lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C), liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and LDH), total protein, urea, albumin, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. In addition, histological examinations of the kidneys, liver, and brain were investigated. The results showed that the subacute administration of TiO2 alone (100 mg/kg bw) had induced hyperglycemia (309 ± 5 mg/dL) and elevation of hepatic enzyme levels, accompanied by a change in both lipid profile and renal biomarkers as well as induced congestion and dilatation in the hepatic central vein and congestion in kidney and brain tissues. However, the cotreatment with bee bread extract restored these biochemical parameters and attenuated the deleterious effects of titanium nanoparticles on brain, liver, and kidney functions which could be due to its rich content on functional molecules. The findings of this paper could make an important contribution to the field of using bee bread as a detoxifying agent against titanium dioxide nanoparticles and other xenobiotics.
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