International organizations such as the UN and UNESCO set priority goals for education in the 21st century. This article shows the educational contribution of the Traditional Sporting Game (TSG) of ...Bear Guardian and Hunters that involves the three-chained roles. The three roles test players who share a unique social interaction ritual. This study was part of a training experience for university students in physical activity and sports sciences in the theory and practice of motor games subject at INEFC, University of Lleida (Spain). This research investigated the emotional intensity in these three roles, the emotional meaning units, and their correspondence with the emotional triad. This study is a mixed-methods research. After playing the game involved, 131 university students (46 women and 85 men) aged 18-35 years (
= 20.19,
= 2.42) answered the validated GES-II scale indicating the intensity and causes of five basic emotions. The data were analyzed using different strategies (qualitative data: content analysis; quantitative data: descriptive statistical analysis, inferential and association rules). The methodology employed has revealed part of this game's secret (intimate and subjective) code: the affectivity invisible to external observation. Among the findings, we highlight: (a) each role originates different intensities and units of emotional meaning; (b) the three roles feedback, need and complement each other in this socio-affective network of interdependent relationships; (c) the Bear is the central role of the game. The emotional meanings concerning the motor aggression of the Bear operate as a magnet that attracts four itineraries of association rules of meanings and emotional triads. In the hands of intelligent, prepared and sustainable teachers, this game can help students learn to live together and educate them to control and respectfully channel motor aggression. In this way, students will be active actors in the process of civilization in favor of sustainable development.
Experimental designs to induct emotional states have frequently used still procedures. However, more naturalistic methods of emotional induction by letting participants move and interact freely with ...other participants should be considered. Traditional Sporting Games (TSG) have the above-mentioned characteristics. The general aim of this study was to determine whether the different roles which allowed executing ambivalent interactions induced different emotional states in college students. We developed three studies with three paradoxical TSG (Sitting Ball Game, Four Corners Game, and Pitcher's Game). Before beginning to play, all the participants answered the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in a mood version. After playing, participants were asked to report retrospectively the emotional state they were feeling in each role of the game, responding to the Self-Assessment Manikin, PANAS, and Games and Emotion Scale-II. Statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA, calculating corresponding effect sizes. Consistently, but specifically, in each game, roles still induced less positive and more negative emotions. Regarding the active roles, more positive and less negative emotions were kindled when the role allowed catching other players. On the contrary, when developing an active role that implied an increased likelihood of being caught, more negative and less positive emotions were experienced. We found some significant interaction effects between the moods and the role played before playing. To conclude, TSG could be an adequate procedure to induct emotional states and to study emotional conditions in a naturalistic way, showing ecological validity.
The main objective of the work is to address the estimation of the motor competence of girls and boys from the spontaneity of the motor game. 112 individuals of mixed groups were selected (M = 14.2, ...SD = 2.2) for the practice of two motor games. An observational methodology was used through a nomothetic, following and multidimensional design, with the assistance of two expert observers for the registration. The registration tool consisted of 19 categories, grouped into 3 macrocriteria. All the decisions of the protagonists were classified according to their gender, game role, quality of motor behavior and cooperative or antagonistic sense of the decision observed. Chi-square and multivariate analysis were applied (Chaid Model), being variables Cartesian tested in their double function (VD / VI). Among the most relevant results, revealing a differentiated participation according to the gender of the protagonists, girls registered similar values in effective behaviors in both games (J1 = 186, J5 = 183) unlike the boys (J1 = 240, J5 = 307). The predictive capacity of motor decisions when playing throught the valence (p <.001) and role (p <.001) among others, were the most determinant variables. Evaluating motor competence through motor games is viable without altering the validity of the curriculum and the spontaneity of the contextualized decision.
El principal objetivo del trabajo es abordar la estimación de la competencia motriz de las niñas y niños desde la espontaneidad del juego motor. Se selecionaron 112 individuos de grupos mixtos (M = 14.2; SD = 2.2) para la práctica de dos juegos motores. Se empleó una metodología observacional mediante un diseño nomotético, seguimiento y multidimensional, contándose con la asistencia de dos observadores expertos para el registro. La herramienta de registro constó de 19 categorías, agrupadas en 3 macrocriterios. Todas las decisiones de los protagonistas fueron clasificadas en función del género del protagonista, rol de juego, calidad de la conducta motriz y sentido cooperativo o antagonsita de la decisión observada. Se aplicaron análisis Chi-square y multivariantes (Chaid Model), siendo probadas cartesianamente las variables en su doble función (VD/VI). Entre los resultados más relevantes, se revelaba una participación diferenciada según el género de los protagonistas, las chicas registraron valores similares en comportamientos efectivos en ambos juegos (J1 = 186, J5 = 183) a diferencia de los chicos (J1 = 240, J5 = 307). La capacidad predictiva de las decisiones motrices cuando se juega mediante la valencia (p <.001) y el rol (p <.001) entre otras, fueron de las variables más determinantes. Estimar la competencia motriz mediante juegos motores es viable sin alterar la vigencia del curriculum y la espontaneidad de la decisión contextualizada.
Digital game-based learning (DGBL) and Gamification are emerging methodological strategies in education. This research aims to analyze the effects on academic performance and motivation after an ...experience combining DGBL and Gamification in university students. The sample comprises 126 students, of whom 38 were in the experimental group. Three measurement instruments have been used: an evaluative test to measure academic performance, the Questionnaire on Motivation for Cooperative Playful Learning Strategies (CMELAC) and a questionnaire with three open-ended questions, which complement the measurement of motivation. This analysis is conducted using independent sample t-tests. We undertook a Bonferroni adjustment to the alpha level (new p = 0.017). The results show significant differences in academic performance between the control and experimental groups. Motivation shows high values among all participants. No significant differences were found between the two experimental subgroups when the competition was added to the dynamics. In conclusion, the results of the present study support the gamified DGBL method as an exciting teaching tool that corresponds to students’ active learning and provide valuable immediate feedback on students’ attempts, improvements in academic performance and a high level of motivation.
The traditional ludomotor activities (LA) are recognized by UNESCO as an intangible piece of cultural heritage. The ethnomotricity analyzes LA in its sociocultural context, taking into account the ...proprieties of rules or motor conditions (internal logic) and the link with local culture (external logic). The aim of this research was to identify and reveal the distinctive ethnomotor features of LA in order to understand the adaptations that occurred in the social scenario of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) in Lleida. The corpus of the research was constituted by 101 LA which were collected from the analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews. An "
" tool was designed and agreed upon by expert observers. It was comprised of a total of 27 ethnomotor variables related to LA. The experts achieved high reliability Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) and Spearman's correlation coefficient = 1 when the classification of LA was carried out on two different occasions. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations (Pearson's chi-squared) effect sizes, and two-step clusters were performed by external and internal logic variables. The presence or absence of motor interaction (
= 9.029;
= 1;
< 0.003;
= 0.298) was enlightening when comparing LA with and without a war connotation. On the other hand, the hierarchy of variables rested primarily on IL-Domain (Psycho-Coop-Oppo-Coop/Oppo) (PI = 1). Among other singularities, while two-step cluster analysis revealed a corresponding ethnomotor silhouette with cluster 1, with the warlike connotation (
= 48; 96.0%), its homologous structure was expressed (Cluster 2) in the absence of the warlike character (
= 26; 50%).
UNESCO in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes respect for the environment and sustainability education as key elements for the challenges of society in the coming years. In the ...educational context, physical education can have a vital role in sustainability education, through Traditional Sporting Games (TSG). The aim of this research was to study from an ethnomotor perspective the different characteristics of two different groups of TSG (with and without objects) in the Canary Islands, Spain. The corpus of this investigation was made up of 513 TSG, identified by two analysis techniques and collected in a database. The categories corresponding to the variables of the internal logic of the game were the type of motor interaction, related to space, relationships with time (competition), and relationships with objects. The study also examined the variables of external logic or sociocultural conditions such as the protagonists, playing areas, and game moments. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics: cross-tables, effect sizes, classification trees (CHAID), and the identification of frequency areas. Of the total number of playful activities identified (
= 664), most were physical activities (
= 513/664; 77.26%) (non-physical activities:
= 151/664; 22.74%). These activities were Quasi-games without rules (
= 87) and TSG (
= 426) as well as activities with Objects (
= 299) and without material (
= 214). This research confirms that the TSG in the Canary Islands is a mirror of traditional culture and, from a pedagogical approach, shows great potential for material and social sustainability.
Different international organizations and initiatives highlight the contribution of the traditional sporting games (TSGs) to favor the diversity of knowledge, values, and attitudes necessary for ...today's society. TSG such as Marro trigger multimodal learning contexts (driving conducts, interpersonal and organic relationships), with great interest in the educational and sports initiation field. The purpose of two studies presented in this manuscript was to examine the 360° multimodal strategic intervention (decisional, relational, and organic) of two teams faced in a Marro game. For this study, a quasi-experimental design was used composed by a single test applied to two non-equivalent teams. Mixed methods were used with an observational methodology in Quadrant III: nomothetic, punctual, and multidimensional. Fourteen university students participated mean (M) = 20.49, standard deviation (SD) = 2.18. Three internal logic variables were studied: outcome, role, and subrole; and three variables referred to the dimensions of motor conduct: relationship, risk in the decision, and physical effort. A mixed ad hoc registration system was designed with acceptable margins of data quality. For Study 1, cross-tabulations and classification trees were applied, while for Study 2 strategic T-patterns were identified. The relevance of the scoreboard (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.386) and the realization of the role (p < 0.001; ES = 0.091) for the study of multimodal strategic chains in the Marro game were confirmed. The detection of regularities in specific interaction (Hunters against Hares) by Theme (p < 0.005) allowed for interpretation of the process of strategic conducts of both teams during the game. Knowing the strategic chains of playful coexistence among equals through a multimodal range of variables and approaches has revealed an unusual dynamic picture. The study provides scientific evidence for the physical education teacher on the dynamics of the game of Marro. The pedagogical application of these contributions must be made according to curricular interests.
Learning to live together is the central concern of education everywhere in the world (UNESCO). Traditional sporting games (TSGs) provide interpersonal experiences that shape miniature communities ...charged with emotional meanings. The objective of this study was to analyze the ethnomotor features of TSG (relationship between the internal characteristics of the TSG and sociocultural variables) in three Catalan-speaking Autonomous Communities and to interpret them for constructing emotional communities. The study followed a phenomenological-interpretative paradigm. The identification of TSG was done by a hermeneutic methodological approach by using an exhaustive exploratory documentary research. We studied 503 games collected in the Dictionary Català-Valencià-Balear de Alcover and Moll (1926-1963). Instruments and procedure: A database was built up with information about the internal and external logic of the games. The validity of the information was confirmed by means of a concordance test between the researchers. Data processing was carried out by means of classification trees (inferential level), identifying the predictive variables of the types of TSG. Most of the TSGs were sociomotor games (
= 405/503; 80.5%). The classification tree identified four explanatory variables. Three variables were internal traits (body contact, material, and score), and one variable corresponded to external logic (age). Features of the TSG of the Catalan-speaking Autonomous Communities build original emotional communities. The ethnomotor regularities triggered emotional experiences associated with pleasure for (a) living together (predominance of sociomotor games); (b) domesticating of aggressiveness over opponents (different motor licit aggressiveness); (c) developing sustainability (presence and absence of objects from the surrounding environment); (d) educating the competition (games with and without final score); and (e) interpersonal well-being based on the community (transmission of ludic culture from children to young TSG).
Introduction
Measuring attitudes towards disability is meant to assess which interventions are most likely to create changes in population attitudes. Physical activities, such as Traditional Sports ...Games, are an excellent methodology to fight against the stigma of disabled people. Thus, the main aim of this study was to validate the Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes towards Children with Handicaps Scale (CATCH) adapted to a physical activity environment.
Methods
Additionally, we implemented this process in a combined way, 7 languages and 2 versions (adult and youth) at the same time.
Results
The results showed that the CATCH-TSG scale provides the scientific community with a valid and reliable tool for professionals who want to assess the change in attitudes towards people with disabilities after receiving a psychoeducational intervention that includes physical activity (TSG).
Discussion
Researchers will compare respective results from different countries and ages using different versions of the scale, jointly validated.
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