In a post hoc analysis of samples collected in 2009, we determined seroprevalence of parvovirus 4 (PARV4) among elderly Cameroonians. PARV4 seropositivity was associated with receipt of intravenous ...antimalarial drugs, intramuscular streptomycin, or an intramuscular contraceptive, but not hepatitis C virus seropositivity. Findings suggest parenteral acquisition of some PARV4 infections.
The benefits of group foraging depend on the frequency of feeding from food uncovered by companions (joining) versus self-discovered food (finding). Information-sharing (IS) and producer–scrounger ...(PS) games predict different joining frequencies because they make distinct assumptions about food searching. IS games assume individuals can search concurrently for finding and joining opportunities while PS games assume incompatible search modes; individuals search either as a producer, detecting only finding opportunities, or as a scrounger, detecting only joining opportunities. To determine the search assumption for flocks of ground-feeding granivores we studied the behaviour of spice finches, Lonchura punctulata, foraging in indoor aviaries for clumps of hidden millet seed. We looked for behaviour patterns preceding finding and joining events. An analysis of covariance showed that the frequencies of hopping with the head pointing up and down were statistically associated with the frequencies of a bird's joining and finding, respectively. When the expected stable frequency of the scrounger tactic was altered by changing the seed distribution, the birds' relative frequency of hopping with the head up changed accordingly. When the seed distribution made any use of the scrounger tactic unprofitable, the frequency of hopping with the head up declined to zero. Consequently, in ground-feeding birds such as spice finches, finding and joining behaviour conform more closely to the assumptions of a PS rather than an IS game.
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, infecting millions of people and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths. The Spike glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 mediate ...viral entry and are the main targets for neutralizing antibodies. Understanding the antibody response directed against SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the development of vaccine, therapeutic, and public health interventions. Here, we perform a cross-sectional study on 106 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals to evaluate humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike. Most infected individuals elicit anti-Spike antibodies within 2 weeks of the onset of symptoms. The levels of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) persist over time, and the levels of anti-RBD IgM decrease after symptom resolution. Although most individuals develop neutralizing antibodies within 2 weeks of infection, the level of neutralizing activity is significantly decreased over time. Our results highlight the importance of studying the persistence of neutralizing activity upon natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike correlate with COVID-19 severityRBD-specific IgM and IgA decline more rapidly than IgGSARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are elicited within 2 weeks of infectionNeutralizing antibodies decline significantly after resolution of the infection
Prévost et al. report a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 106 COVID-19 patients and show that most infected individuals are able to elicit a sustained antibody response over time. However, plasma neutralizing capacity wanes after infection resolution, but its implication on protection from re-infection remains unknown.
Dans le contexte récent d’accélération de l’intégration d’entreprises du numérique dans les pratiques de traçage de contacts épidémiques, l’article se penche sur le rôle historique des médias dans ...l’introduction de nouveaux intérêts économiques dans le champ de la production de savoirs sur la santé populationnelle. La mobilisation d’une approche sociomatérielle critique des savoirs inspirée des travaux d’Harold Innis ancre l’étude dans le courant de la matérialité des médias. Les résultats se distinguent ainsi des travaux sur la santé publique inspirés des thèses foucaldiennes du contrôle disciplinaire. La mise en interaction des dimensions symbolique et matérielle des savoirs permet d’envisager l’arrivée de nouveaux acteurs dans la production de savoirs comme un signal de la modification de la conception de la santé populationnelle et, conséquemment, des orientations de l’intervention publique. L’article démontre la pertinence de ce cadre théorique à travers l’analyse historique de l’interaction entre les moyens de production de savoirs sur la santé populationnelle et les formes modernes de l’intervention publique en santé en Grande-Bretagne.
Background. In southern Cameroon, where SIVcpz, the source of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) group M, is prevalent among wild chimpanzees, ∼50% of some human birth cohorts have been infected ...with hepatitis C virus (HCV) through unclear mechanisms. Methods. To evaluate indirectly the hypothesis that medical interventions contributed to the early emergence of HIV-1, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 451 inhabitants of Ebolowa in southern Cameroon aged ⩾60 years, using HCV as a marker of parenteral transmission of blood-borne viruses. We administered a questionnaire and tested serum for antibodies against HCV. Viral gene sequences were obtained fromHCV-positive sera.Molecular clock analyses provided an independent source of information on epidemic history. Results. A total of 252 participants (56%) were HCV seropositive. HCV sequences were amplified and genotyped from 171 individuals. Independent risk factors for HCV seropositivity were older age, having received intravenous treatment against malaria, and having attended an ethnic school (women only), whereas having been circumcised by a traditional practitioner (men only) tended to be associated with HCV. In addition, transfusions were associated with HCV genotype 1 transmission. Molecular clock analyses of HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 4 revealed that each independently underwent exponential growth during the first half of the 20th century. Conclusions. Medical interventions (intravenous antimalarial drugs, transfusions) and to a lesser extent traditional practices (circumcision) were associated with the massive transmission of HCV among this population decades ago. This finding supports the hypothesis that medical interventions contributed to the transmission of blood-borne viruses, perhaps including SIVcpz and HIV-1, in the same region during the early 20th century.
En suivant les signes physiologiques du cycle de leur fertilité, les femmes peuvent produire de l’information sur soi qui constitue ainsi une technique alternative aux moyens contraceptifs et aux ...moyens d’aide à la conception hormonales et chirurgicales. Depuis 2009, des applications numériques mobiles soutiennent ces pratiques en offrant une plateforme permettant la quantification du cycle de fertilité. Loin de reproduire seulement une représentation du féminin devant respecter sa « nature » reproductive, les applications de gestion de fertilité promeuvent un idéal de contrôle de soi informationnel focalisé sur la domination de cette même nature. Cet article cherche donc à comprendre comment une technologie de gestion de la fertilité participe de la (re) production des catégories de genre. Nous y analysons cet objet à l’intersection de théories de la production d’un sujet féminin et de théories de la production d’un sujet néolibéral afin d’identifier quelles formes prennent ces catégories et les façons dont elles s’actualisent au sein de ces applications. L’application de gestion de fertilité Kindara professe que l’« empowerment » des femmes passe par le contrôle informationnel de soi, un « empowerment informationnel ». À travers l’étude de cas de l’application Kindara, nous verrons comment cet idéal d’« empowerment », associé à celui d’une réalisation de soi qui passe par la maternité, participe au sentiment d’impuissance des femmes incapables de concevoir un enfant, incapables de contrôler leur corps selon leur volonté.
Nursing in prison: inmates as patients Alderson, Marie; Saint-Jean, Micheline; Therriault, Pierre-Yves ...
Recherche en soins infirmiers
113
Journal Article
Recenzirano
There are very few studies investigating the work nurses do in prisons. Based on data stemming from a research in Psychodynamics of Work and a literature review, this paper describes nursing ...practices in a Canadian penitentiary institution. Three male nurses and two female nurses participated in three two-hour long focus group sessions. Central sources of pleasure that emerged from the focus groups were the scope of nursing care practice ; the autonomy and collaboration with physicians; nursing care practices devoid of moral value judgments, the humanitarian approach, caring and the wish to make a difference in the lives of the inmates ; the pride connected to this unusual professional context, and the recognition by peers and inmates. The main sources of suffering on the other hand were the feeling that rehabilitation was more an ideal than reality ; the paradox of providing both care and safety ; the scary characteristics of working alone ; the fear of lawsuits, and the feeling of being observed continuously. The resulting data we discuss show the issues of a certain dissociation that exists between the patient and the inmate, the fear of contamination of a healthcare nursing identity by the place of practice, but also the feeling of plenitude and sublimation. The conclusion stresses the tension that exists between security and caring, distance and proximity.
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