Digital thermal imaging is a physiologic, non-invasive, contactless, and non-radiating diagnostic tool that can assess a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions, including hip osteoarthritis (HOA). ...Fifty police working dogs were evaluated to compare the dorsoventral (DV) and lateral (LT) thermographic images in dogs with naturally occurring bilateral HOA. A DV, and left and right lateral LT images were obtained for each animal in six different moments. They were positioned standing in a symmetrical upright position for the DV view. Each image included the area from the last lumbar to the first coccygeal vertebrae. Each LT view was set with the greater trochanter in the centre of the image. Images were taken with a thermographic camera from a distance of 60 cm. Mean and maximal temperatures were recorded, analyzed with ANOVA, dependent samples t-test, and Spearman correlation, with P < 0.05.
Nine hundred images were considered, collected from 30 males and 20 females, with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.2 years and bodyweight of 26.7 ± 5.3 kg. The overall value recorded on the DV view was 25.3º ± 9.1 and 28.4º ± 2.8 on the lateral view. These were significantly different (P < 0.01) and with a low correlation (r = 0.10, P = 0.03). German Shepard dogs showed significantly lower values on all views than other breeds (P < 0.01), and heavier dogs had higher values on the lateral view.
This is the first study that describes digital thermography's diagnostic use to evaluate working dogs with naturally occurring HOA, comparing two different views. Future studies should address each one's value in the diagnosis and response to treatment of this disease.
Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a significant burden to societies, as it affects quality of life and performance and implies a large cost in terms of health care. Autologous platelets are ...a regenerative treatment modality for OA that are thought to be a potential stimulation of the natural healing cascade.
Purpose:
To describe the effect of the platelet concentrate V-PET in the management of OA in a naturally occurring canine model, using several outcome assessment modalities.
Study Design:
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods:
A total of 40 joints of active working police dogs with hip OA were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and a platelet concentrate group (PCG; treatment) and evaluated. At treatment day (T0) and 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days after treatment, weight distribution, joint range of motion at flexion and extension, thigh girth, digital thermography, radiographic signs, 4 clinical metrology instruments, and synovial fluid interleukin 1 and C-reactive protein levels were recorded. Results were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Huynh-Feldt correction, paired-samples t test, or Wilcoxon signed rank test, with P < .05.
Results:
Dogs were 6.5 ± 2.4 years old (mean ± SD) and had a body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. At T0, 32 (80%) joints were graded as having mild OA, 6 (15%) as moderate, and 2 (5%) as severe. No differences were found between groups at T0. Between the PCG and CG, the symmetry index showed significant improvements in the PCG from 8 days (P = .01) to 180 days (P = .01). Joint flexion also improved in the PCG up to 90 days (P < .05) and extension improved up to 180 days (P < .01). Several clinical metrology instrument scores also improved up to 90 to 180 days after treatment. In the CG, radiographic signs progressed, while the PCG showed some improved signs. In both groups, increasing body weight and age corresponded with worse clinical and laboratory findings.
Conclusion:
A single injection of platelet concentrate had a positive effect, lasting up to 6 months, on several clinical, imaging, and laboratory signs in a naturally occurring canine OA model.
Clinical Relevance:
We characterized the effects of this platelet concentrate in dogs, considered the gold standard of the study of OA, with a group of working animals with similar high demands as athletes.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disease and chronic pain source, affecting a patient's quality of life and posing a financial burden. As the dog is considered a nearly ideal species for ...translation research of human OA and the most used model for research, exploring spontaneous dog OA under the One Health/One Medicine concept can improve both humans and dogs' health and well-being.
In a clinical treatment experiment, forty (N=40) joints were selected and randomly assigned to a control group (CG), which received 0.9% NaCl or a treatment (HG), which received Hylan G-F 20. Evaluations were performed on treatment day (T0), 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment. They consisted of four different Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI), evaluation of weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, radiographic and digital thermography imaging, synovial fluid interleukin-1 (IL-1), and C-reactive protein concentrations. Results were compared with repeated measures ANOVA, with a Huynh-Feldt correction, Paired samples T-test, or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, with p<0.05.
Patients had a mean age of 6.5±2.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.6±5.2kg, and joints graded as mild (n=28, 70%), moderate (n=6, 15%), and severe OA (n=6, 15%). No differences were found between groups at T0. Symmetry index and deviation showed significant improvements in HG from 30 days (p<0.01) up to 180 days (p=0.01). Several CMI scores, particularly pain scores, improved from 90 to 180 days. Radiographic signs progressed in both groups. In both groups, increasing body weight and age corresponded to worse clinical presentation. IA hyaluronan administration produced increased lameness in six cases, which resolved spontaneously.
This study characterizes the response to treatment with Hylan G-F 20, which can produce significant functional and pain level improvements in patients with OA, even those with factors related to worse response to treatment.
Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disease and chronic pain source, affecting a patient’s quality of life and posing a financial burden. As the dog is considered a nearly ...ideal species for translation research of human OA and the most used model for research, exploring spontaneous dog OA under the One Health/One Medicine concept can improve both humans and dogs’ health and well-being.
Methods
In a clinical treatment experiment, forty (
N
=40) joints were selected and randomly assigned to a control group (CG), which received 0.9% NaCl or a treatment (HG), which received Hylan G-F 20. Evaluations were performed on treatment day (T0), 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment. They consisted of four different Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI), evaluation of weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, radiographic and digital thermography imaging, synovial fluid interleukin-1 (IL-1), and C-reactive protein concentrations. Results were compared with repeated measures ANOVA, with a Huynh-Feldt correction, Paired samples
T
-test, or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, with
p
<0.05.
Results
Patients had a mean age of 6.5±2.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.6±5.2kg, and joints graded as mild (
n
=28, 70%), moderate (
n
=6, 15%), and severe OA (
n
=6, 15%). No differences were found between groups at T0. Symmetry index and deviation showed significant improvements in HG from 30 days (
p
<0.01) up to 180 days (
p
=0.01). Several CMI scores, particularly pain scores, improved from 90 to 180 days. Radiographic signs progressed in both groups. In both groups, increasing body weight and age corresponded to worse clinical presentation. IA hyaluronan administration produced increased lameness in six cases, which resolved spontaneously.
Conclusions
This study characterizes the response to treatment with Hylan G-F 20, which can produce significant functional and pain level improvements in patients with OA, even those with factors related to worse response to treatment.
Autogenous cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest and/or the tibial tuberosity is commonly used in the clinics to promote healing of critical-size segmental long bone defects. Bone harvesting is ...traumatic, causes morbidity of the donor site, and often results in complications. Monocortical bone defects in the ilium resulting from harvesting of bone graft require long time to heal, while bicortical and tricortical defects do not heal for life time. All these promote efforts to develop cancellous bone graft substitutes which might potentially replace autogenous bone graft. Among biomaterials for cancellous bone graft substitutes are bioresorbable polyhydroxyacids and polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are of special interest as they can be synthesized over a broad range of physical and biochemical properties, controllable rates of in vivo degradation and processed into porous scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Elastomeric polyurethane bone graft substitutes when used to treat bone defects, allow for an intimate contact to be established at the native bone-scaffold interface, which may promote cell migration from bone ends into scaffold and facilitate bone healing. In this study biodegradable elastomeric polyurethane scaffolds were used as cancellous bone graft substitutes to treat critical-size defects in the iliac crest (40 mm X 20 mm) and tibial tuberosity of sheep (15 mm X 15 mm). The polyurethane scaffolds had controlled ratio of the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic components, the pore size in the range of 80 to 380 μm, the pore-to-volume ratio in the range of 75 to 90%, and were loaded with nanosize hydroxyapatite crystals to promote osteoconductivity. There were four groups of six animals each: Group I (control group) – bone defects left empty; Group II – bone defects covered with a microporous polymeric membrane from poly (L/DL lactide) 80/20; Group III – bone defects filled with polyurethane scaffolds modified with a system of creatine/putrescine and covered with the microporous polymeric membrane from poly (L/DL lactide) 80/20; Group IV bone defects filled with polyurethane scaffolds modified with soy lecithine and covered with the microporous polymeric membrane from poly (L/DL lactide) 80/20. The duration of the experiments was 26 weeks. At this time the animals were euthanized, the bone specimens were harvested and evaluated using computerized tomography, macrorradiography and histomorphometry. Bone specimens for histological evaluation were stained with vital fluorescents stains (calcein green and xylenol orange) and Giemsa-eosin. In group I (control), in both the tibial tuberosity and the iliac crest, in none of the animals there was bone regeneration. This is not astonishing as the defects were of critical-sized. In group II, in both donor sites, the new bone bridged the bone ends in all animals. This clearly indicates that the poly(L/DL-lactide) 80/20 membrane acts as a guide which promotes bone regeneration in the defect covered with membrane (guided bone regeneration GBR). Interestingly, the new bone was also present in the pores of the membrane indicating its osteoconductive potential. Although these results were not statistically significant, they evidently show that the membrane is osteopromotive. In groups III and IV, in which bone defects were implanted with polyurethane scaffolds modified with biologically active compounds, bone regeneration was more efficient then in group II in both the tibial tuberosity and the iliac crest.
Em perdas de osso de grandes extensões o enxerto ósseo esponjoso autólogo é uma técnica frequentemente utilizada para o tratamento de defeitos ósseos críticos, sendo a tuberosidade da tíbia e a ...crista ilíaca os locais mais utilizados para colheita de osso. Os defeitos monocorticais no ilíaco, resultantes da colheita de enxerto ósseo requerem períodos de regeneração longos e os defeitos bicorticais e tricorticais não regeneram completamente ao longo da vida.Estes factos motivam a necessidade de desenvolvimento de substitutos de osso esponjoso que podem potencialmente substituir o enxerto ósseo autólogo.Dentro dos biomateriais para a produção de substitutos de osso esponjoso estão os poli h id roxiácidos e os poliuretanos biodegradáveis.Os poliuretanos são particularmente interessantes uma vez que podem ser sintetizados num espectro amplo de propriedades físicas e químicas, taxas controladas de degradação in vivo e processados em estruturas de suporte para engenharia tecidular e medicina regenerativa. Os substitutos de poliuretano elastomérico quando utilizados para o tratamento de defeitos ósseos permitem o estabelecimento de um contacto íntimo na interface entre o osso nativo e a estrutura de suporte, o que pode promover a migração celular a partir das extremidades ósseas para a mesma, promovendo a regeneração óssea.Neste estudo foram utilizadas estruturas de suporte de poliuretano elastomérico biodegradável como substitutos de osso esponjoso para o tratamento de defeitos críticos tricorticais na crista ilíaca (40 mm X 20 mm) e monocorticais na tuberosidade da tíbia de ovelhas (15 mm X 15 mm). As estruturas tinham uma taxa controlada dos componentes hidrofílico e hidrófobo, uma porosidade entre 80 a 380 gm, uma taxa poro-volume de 75 a 90% e foram conjugadas com cristais de hidroxiapatite nanonumérica para promover a osteocondutividade.Em quatro grupos de seis animais cada: Grupo 1 (grupo controlo) - os defeitos ósseos permaneceram vazios; Grupo II – os defeitos ósseos foram cobertos com uma membrana polimérica microporosa de ácido poli(UDL-láctico) 80120; Grupo 111 – os defeitos ósseos foram preenchidos com uma estrutura de suporte modificada com um sistema de creatina/putrescina e cobertos com a membrana polimérica de ácido poli(L/DL-láctico) 80/20; Grupo IV – os defeitos ósseos foram preenchidos com uma estrutura de suporte modificada com lecitina de soja e cobertos com a membrana polimérica de ácido poli(L/DL-láctico) 80/20. A duração do período experimental foi de 26 semanas ao fim das quais foi realizada a eutanásia, os espécimes foram colhidos e avaliados através de tomografia axial computadorizada, macrorradiografia e h isto m orfometria. Nos espécimes ósseos para a avalição histológica foram utilizados corantes intravitais fluorescentes (calceina verde e xilenol laranja) e Giemsa-eosina. No grupo 1 (controlo), quer na tuberosidade da tíbia quer na crista ilíaca não houve regeneração óssea em nenhum dos animais. Este facto não é surpreendente uma vez que os defeitos eram críticos. No grupo II e em ambos os locais dadores, o osso neoformado ligou as extremidades ósseas em todos os animais.
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