In this article, I examine foreign investment in the socialist enterprise in the former Yugoslavia based on the case study of Kolektor in the context of the liberalized communist social and economic ...order. Foreign investments were allowed in the form of joint ventures. I present these investments from the viewpoint of economic reforms, the concept of socialist enterprise, and the concept of economic development, which enabled foreign investments and shaped regulation and the structure of foreign investments in Yugoslavia. The history of the case of Kolektor began at a time when Slovenia still belonged to the former Yugoslavia, which was arguably a liberalized type of communist economic system. This was during the Cold War, when both Europe and the rest of the world were divided essentially along the lines of the communist east and the capitalist west. The Kolektor Company was established in 1963 as a state socialist enterprise for the manufacture of the rotary electrical switches known as commutators. From the outset, the company tried to establish international cooperation to acquire modern technology. In 1968, it reached an agreement with the West German Company Kautt & Bux, which at the time was the technological and market leader in the production of commutators. Kautt & Bux invested in Kolektor and became an owner of 49 percent of the company. The investment proved very profitable for both partners. The Slovenian side got access to modern technology and expertise, and the German side got additional production facilities, skilled workers, and low-cost production, which increased its competitiveness on international markets.
We propose a new model for landslide dynamics under the assumption of a delay failure mechanism. Delay failure is simulated as a delayed interaction between adjacent blocks, which mimics the ...relationship between the accumulation and feeder part of the accumulation slope. The conducted research consisted of three phases. Firstly, the real observed movements of the landslide were examined to exclude the existence or the statistically significant presence of background noise. Secondly, we propose a new mechanical model of an accumulation landslide dynamics, with introduced delay failure, and with variable friction law. Results obtained indicate the onset of a transition from an equilibrium state to an oscillatory regime if delayed failure is assumed for different cases of slope stiffness and state of homogeneity/heterogeneity of the slope. At the end, we examine the influence of different frictional properties (along the sliding surface) on the conditions for the onset of instability. Results obtained indicate that the increase of friction parameters leads to stabilization of sliding for homogeneous geological environment. Moreover, increase of certain friction parameters leads to the occurrence of irregular aperiodic behavior, which could be ascribed to the regime of fast irregular sliding along the slope.
This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Slovenia contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries ...on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture.
The nations discussed here (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) have in common - with the exception of Italy, that is - that they used to be on the margins of European economic and social ...developments. Only Italy succeeded in industrialising itself already prior to World War I. This fundamental trait also determined the developmental path of modern-era banking. Hereby, two important points in the course of development of banking in the Southern European countries need to be emphasised. To begin with, if the lands of the North-Western Europe were large capital exporters, then the South European nations were the importers of this capital. The role of foreign capital, i.e., foreign banks, was great and irreplaceable in the development of banking. The second element in common was a large role of state in the economy in general. Under the circumstances of underdeveloped entrepreneurial environment, the state, through its economic activities, would become the driving force of overall economic and social development. This was also or especially the case with banking. Role played by the state only began to diminish towards the end of the 1980s, in the course of the processes of deregulation and liberalisation both at the international level as well as within the then European Economic Community or subsequent European Union. Already during the preparatory processes prior to the admission into the European Economic Community, Spain, Greece and Portugal, and, however, Italy as well, but due to European Directives it had to abide by, began comprehensive processes of restructuring their national banking systems. Since the second half of the 1980s, banking systems were subjected to liberalisation, deregulation and privatisation.
In the article the author is discussing the issue of development and emancipation of economic history as a discipline in Slovenia, more precisely within the research field of historiography. The ...discussion, which is limited on modern period, points out the most significant economic history books and articles and their authors from the viewpoint of methodology, concepts, thematizations and reference backgrounds. It is strongly emphasized that we are dealing with the diversity of economic historiography in Slovenia. Within economic historiography cohabitate two approaches, traditional and modern, descriptive and problems or analysis oriented. Slovene economic historiography started with establishment in the 1960s on the basis of traditional methodological approach, without clear concepts and categories. Important shift was made in the 1990s, when process of modernization started in Slovene economic historiography. In the historical overview we also need to mention the important role of some Slovene social scientist in the process of formation of economic historiography.
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