Currently, the main objective of oil operating companies is to increase drilling efficiency and minimize drilling costs; this can be achieved in several ways. One of them is the curtailment of ...downhole events associated with trouble time by obtaining the key factors that drive the best proactive solutions in terms of cost and effectiveness. From this perspective, the core focus of this paper is to present a detailed description to develop an integrated decision tool that will assist well planner engineers in evaluating multiple solutions considered to address a downhole problem anticipated during the well construction process. The tool presented here provides the means of assessing a particular solution's cost and anticipated effectiveness by generating an evaluation matrix based on two intercorrelated decision-driving indices, technical and monetary. To theoretically validate the concept, an artificial case study was created to find the best solution in mitigating a bit balling problem. The results of the case study reveal that: the concept is indeed theoretically applicable. However, a real life case study must be performed to prove the concept practically.
Ukapljeni naftni plin, kao predstavnik plinovitih goriva, smatra se vodećim alternativnim gorivom u mnogim zemljama. Da je UNP čišće pogonsko gorivo od široko korištenog benzina i dizelskog goriva ...zaključak je mnogobrojnih analiza. S ciljem da se produbi procjena emisija iz putnički automobila, u ovom radu u okviru metodologije procjene životnog vijeka (LCA) pristupilo se analizi široj od standardnih testiranja. Umjesto uobičajenih metoda procjene emisija baziranih na emisijama ispušnih plinova, za potrebe ovoga rada osmišljen je širi izračun, temeljen na praćenju i računanju izravne potrošnje dvaju testnih vozila EURO4 standarda. Svrha analize je projekcija ušteda emisija stakleničkih plinova pregradnjom benzinskog vozila na UNP kako bi se istaknule razlike u emisijama benzinskog kao tekućeg fosilnog i UNP kao plinovitog goriva. S ciljem dodatne potvrde socio-ekološke i ekonomske prednosti plinovitih goriva kao odgovarajućeg rješenja u prijelaznom razdoblju ka nisko-ugljičnom gospodarstvu, očekivani rezultati iskorišteni su za kreiranje imaginarnog scenarija u okvirima održivog razvoja te primijenjeni na sektor cestovnog prometa u RH.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality among the elderly. We performed a whole-genome sequencing study of AD in the Chinese population. In addition to the variants identified in or ...around the APOE locus (sentinel variant rs73052335, P = 1.44 × 10−14), two common variants, GCH1 (rs72713460, P = 4.36 × 10−5) and KCNJ15 (rs928771, P = 3.60 × 10−6), were identified and further verified for their possible risk effects for AD in three small non-Asian AD cohorts. Genotype–phenotype analysis showed that KCNJ15 variant rs928771 affects the onset age of AD, with earlier disease onset in minor allele carriers. In addition, altered expression level of the KCNJ15 transcript can be observed in the blood of AD subjects. Moreover, the risk variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 are associated with changes in their transcript levels in specific tissues, as well as changes of plasma biomarkers levels in AD subjects. Importantly, network analysis of hippocampus and blood transcriptome datasets suggests that the risk variants in the APOE, GCH1, and KCNJ15 loci might exert their functions through their regulatory effects on immune-related pathways. Taking these data together, we identified common variants of GCH1 and KCNJ15 in the Chinese population that contribute to AD risk. These variants may exert their functional effects through the immune system.
PDF
