A physical system produces output due to impulse, which corresponds to a convolution process. Convolution has a very wide tolerance, therefore deconvolution is widespread. When seismic waves ...propagate in the underground medium, the stable wavelet is affected by several factors: complex factors at source, propagation factors from the source to reflection interface, the reflection interface, propagation factors from the reflection interface to receiver, and complex factors at the receiver. The purpose of surface-consistent correction is to eliminate the influence of complex factors at source and receiver on residual statics, phase, and amplitude of wavelets from the same stable reflector, which is typical deconvolution. Surface-consistent deconvolution can be referred to as a Bayesian estimation problem. However, it requires a great deal of computation for seismic data, and the statistical method should be more efficient. Based on statistics and physical understanding, maximizing the common midpoint (CMP) stack has been proven to eliminate residual statics and phase changes; particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to explore the nonconvex parameter space. Then, under the physical assumption that the energy of wavelets from the same reflection interface changes steadily, the prediction-energy-change equation is introduced; the spatial mutations of amplitudes are corrected by solving a nonlinear equation system. Numerical experiments show that the statistical way is effective.
In addition to being the core factor in thrombosis, thrombin is involved in various inflammatory disease responses, but few studies have examined whether and how it is involved in membrane‐related ...inflammation. In this study, the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran is used to modify a polyethersulfone dialysis membrane. The modified membrane shows good hydrophilic properties and dialysis performance. It reduces the thrombin level in a targeted manner, thereby significantly inhibiting coagulation factor activation (based on the prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time) and reducing the fibrinogen level and platelet adhesion. On thromboelastography, it shows excellent dynamic antithrombotic capacity. The modified membrane inhibited membrane‐related inflammation by inhibiting the production of the inflammatory mediators C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) via the thrombin/complement C5a pathway. Moreover, it is found to be safe in an in vivo study. Thus, the dabigatran‐modified polyethersulfone membrane may reduce dialysis‐related complications through its dual antithrombotic and anti‐inflammatory effects.
In addition to participating in coagulation, thrombin activates complement C5a to stimulate inflammatory cells (neutrophils) to produce inflammatory mediators and participate in inflammatory responses. The DMPES membranes inhibit inflammation and thrombin.
Abstract
N-doping plays an irreplaceable role in controlling the electron concentration of organic semiconductors thus to improve performance of organic semiconductor devices. However, compared with ...many mature p-doping methods, n-doping of organic semiconductor is still of challenges. In particular, dopant stability/processability, counterion-semiconductor immiscibility and doping induced microstructure non-uniformity have restricted the application of n-doping in high-performance devices. Here, we report a computer-assisted screening approach to rationally design of a triaminomethane-type dopant, which exhibit extremely high stability and strong hydride donating property due to its thermally activated doping mechanism. This triaminomethane derivative shows excellent counterion-semiconductor miscibility (counter cations stay with the polymer side chains), high doping efficiency and uniformity. By using triaminomethane, we realize a record n-type conductivity of up to 21 S cm
−1
and power factors as high as 51 μW m
−1
K
−2
even in films with thicknesses over 10 μm, and we demonstrate the first reported all-polymer thermoelectric generator.
The urgent demand for large-scale global energy storage systems and portable electronic devices is driving the need for considerable energy density and stable batteries. Here, Se atoms are introduced ...between MoSe2 layers (denoted as MoSe2+x) by bond modulation to produce a high-performance cathode for potassium-ion batteries. The introduced Se atoms form covalent Se–Se bonds with the Se in MoSe2, and the advantages of bond modulation are as follows: (i) the interlayer spacing is enlarged which increases the storage space of K+; (ii) the system possesses a dual reaction mechanism, and the introduced Se can provide an additional conversion reaction when discharged to 0.5 V, which improves the capacity further; (iii) the Se atoms confined between MoSe2 layers do not give rise to the shuttle effect. MoSe2+x is compounded with rGO (MoSe2+x-rGO) as a cathode for potassium-ion batteries and displays an ultrahigh capacity (235 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), a long cycle life (300 cycles at 100 mA g−1) and an extraordinary rate performance (135 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 and 89 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1). Pairing the MoSe2+x-rGO cathode with graphite, the full cell delivers considerable energy density compared to other K cathode materials. The MoSe2+x-rGO cathode also exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. This study on bond modulation driving combined intercalation and conversion reactions offers new insights into the design of high-performance K cathodes.
Nonalcoholic fermentation could improve the organoleptic quality and functionality of fruit juice, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented fruit juice has been proven to be beneficial to human ...health. However, LAB exhibit strain specificity with different food matrices. In the present study, the effects of L. plantarum and L. acidophilus on the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and metabolomics of loquat juices were investigated. Both LAB strains fermentation could significantly enhance the antioxidant activity of loquat juice. L. acidophilus grows faster than L. plantarum in loquat juice, but L. plantarum fermentation more effectively increased the total flavonoid content. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis based on UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X/MS were performed to reveal the different metabolic profiles between LAB fermentation. A total of 776 metabolites were identified and annotated. The significant differentially regulated metabolites were concentrated mainly in lipids and lipid-like molecules; organic acids and derivatives; amino acids, peptides, and analogs; phenolic compounds and terpenoids. The regulation of metabolites plays a very important role in the flavor reconstruction and functional improvement of loquat juices. In addition, the metabolic profiles between L. plantarum- and L. acidophilus-fermented loquat juices were different, and the application of cofermentation of these two strains may be considered in future studies.
•L. plantarum and L. acidophilus were selected to prepared functional loquat juice.•Both strains fermentation could enhance the antioxidant activity of loquat juice.•L. acidophilus grows faster than L. plantarum in loquat juice fermentation.•L. plantarum fermentation more effectively increased the total flavonoid content.•Nontargeted metabolomics were used to reveal the differences of metabolic profiles.
West Dongting Lake in China is important for human livelihoods and habitat of migratory waterfowl and other wildlife. The waterway re‐engineering and agriculture intensification have contributed to ...changes in hydrology, sediment, and vegetation on the floodplain. This paper describes an EcoPartnership program conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, and Beijing Forestry University. It focused on the development of a wetland ecosystem network in West Dongting Lake with technical support from the U.S. partner using a number of related studies to examine wetland vegetation dynamics from upstream to downstream along the tributaries. The results of U.S. studies showed that the regeneration potential of species might be altered by changes in climate and local environment, and seed bank depletion by germination may be a major conservation threat in a future with recurring droughts in swamps of the southeastern United States. In the monsoonal wetlands of West Dongting Lake, the soil seed bank could be used as a seed source for revegetation after hydrologic restoration with the introduction of certain foundational species and the removal of poplar plantations. Also, West Dongting Lake is at high ecological risk of mercury pollution. Wetland ecosystem monitoring may allow managers to use the information to predict effects of climate change, water level and flow changes on sedimentation, and to manage for desired vegetation to support waterfowl and ecosystem services. The cooperation of two countries through the EcoPartnership program is now well established and poised for extensive research projects in the future.
Abstract For the reason of reliability improvement of BGA solder, ANSYS is used to establish a BGA solder model that contains information such as size, material, grid, etc. The thermal stress of ...solder is selected as the optimization objective by the optimization parameters of solder height, solder radial direction, and spacing of solder. Response surface methodology is used to design 17 sets of different level parameters for simulation calculations, and a regression equation between solder joint stress and optimization parameters is established to obtain the parameter combination with the minimum stress of solder. The analysis results show that the corner solder far from the chip are critical solder joint for failure. The optimized solder joint parameters are as follows. The solder height is 0.5 mm, the solder radial is 0.6 mm, and the solder spacing is 1 mm. The optimized solder joint stress value is 30.818 MPa, which reduces the stress by 27.71% compared to before optimization, which achieved the reliability improvement of BGA solder.
Planners and geospatial analysts have long been using GIS and optimization methods to solve a wide range of spatial decision problems from routing and facility location to political redistricting. ...However, there has been a notable disconnection between the tools of GIS and optimization, constraining the capability of spatial decision‐making in GIS. This article presents relational linear programming (RELP), a new framework and tool for bridging the gap between the two fields by integrating a generic optimization solver into GIS: a solver for integer linear programming (ILP). In particular, we choose relational/spatial databases as the GIS platform. We demonstrate that not only data, but also programs for spatial problems (in the form of ILP) can be managed and executed in SQL inside spatial databases. The main focus of this article is on location modeling, and we show how classic models can be formulated succinctly in a declarative way using SQL. The declarative approach of RELP allows researchers to focus on formulating new spatial decision problems without being bogged down in sophisticated programming. The integrated approach allows data processing and decision‐making in one language. Therefore, it brings the power of location modeling to non‐specialist GIS practitioners.
Although nanomedicines can passively target tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, their distribution and retention are limited by complex tumor microenvironment. Herein, ...a self‐delivery supramolecular nanoplatform with shape‐transforming capacity (Ce6‐CD/Fc‐pep‐PEG) is constructed by the host‐guest interaction between chlorin e6‐ conjugated β‐cyclodextrin (Ce6‐CD) and ferrocene‐modified FFVLG3C‐PEG conjugates (Fc‐pep‐PEG). Following passive accumulation mediated by the EPR effect, hydrophobic Fc is oxidized to water‐soluble Fc+ by endogenous ROS in tumor sites. The resulting Fc+‐pep‐PEG fragment dissociated from Ce6‐CD and recombined to nanofibers through the intermolecular hydrogen bonds among FFVLG3C peptide chains, thus enhancing the retention. Meanwhile, the Ce6‐CD fragment still maintained the form of spherical micelles with a relatively smaller size to penetrate into the deep tumor regions. Moreover, the cascade Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fc generated •OH and O2 to relieve hypoxia and amplify PDT efficiency. In turn, ROS generated by PDT promoted shape‐transformation and continuous occurrence of Fenton reaction. In vitro and in vivo evaluations verify that through the positive feedback loop, Ce6‐CD/Fc‐pep‐PEG can induce a potent antitumor immune response and achieve ROS‐potentiated elimination of primary tumor and bone metastasis.
A self‐delivery supramolecular nanoplatform (Ce6‐CD/Fc‐pep‐PEG) is constructed to co‐deliver ferrocene and chlorin e6 for self‐amplified chemo‐photodynamic therapy of breast cancer and bone metastases. Its shape‐transforming capacity further improves the penetration and retention of Ce6‐CD/Fc‐pep‐PEG in the tumor, which enhances the therapy efficiency and is enlarged by the ROS generated by photodynamic therapy.
PDF
