Aims
To determine the immune gene expression response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) that is experimentally infected with the lymphocystivirus LCDV‐Sa.
Methods and Results
Viral DNA and ...transcripts were detected by qPCR in all samples from fish injected with LCDV‐Sa, demonstrating that the virus establish a systemic and asymptomatic infection. The expression of 23 immune‐related genes was also analysed by RT‐qPCR in the head kidney (HK) and intestine at several times post‐infection (dpi). In HK, the expression of five type I interferon (IFN)‐related genes (ifn, irf3, mx2, mx3 and isg15), il10 and ck10 was upregulated at 1–3 dpi, while genes related to the inflammation process (tnfα, il1ß, il6, casp1) were not differentially expressed or even downregulated. The expression profile in the intestine was different regarding type I INF‐related genes. An upregulated c3 and ighm expression was observed in both HK and intestine at 3–8 dpi. Finally, the transcription of nccrp1 and mhcIIα was induced in HK, whereas tcrβ expression was downregulated in both organs.
Conclusions
LCDV‐Sa seems to trigger an immune response in gilthead seabream characterized by a partial activation of type I IFN system and a lack of systemic inflammatory response which may be related to viral persistence.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The immune response observed in gilthead seabream infected by LCDV‐Sa could be implicated in the establishment of an asymptomatic persistent infection.
The sensitivity of ALMA makes it possible to detect thermal mm/submm emission from small and/or distant solar system bodies at the sub-mJy level. While the measured fluxes are primarily sensitive to ...the objects’ diameters, deriving precise sizes is somewhat hampered by the uncertain effective emissivity at these wavelengths. Following recent work presenting ALMA data for four trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with satellites, we report on ALMA 233 GHz (1.29 mm) flux measurements of four Centaurs (2002 GZ32, Bienor, Chiron, Chariklo) and two other TNOs (Huya and Makemake), sampling a range of sizes, albedos, and compositions. These thermal fluxes are combined with previously published fluxes in the mid/far infrared in order to derive their relative emissivity at radio (mm/submm) wavelengths, using the Near Earth Asteroid Standard Model (NEATM) and thermophysical models. We reassess earlier thermal measurements of these and other objects – including Pluto/Charon and Varuna – exploring, in particular, effects due to non-spherical shape and varying apparent pole orientation whenever information is available, and show that these effects can be key for reconciling previous diameter determinations and correctly estimating the spectral emissivities. We also evaluate the possible contribution to thermal fluxes of established (Chariklo) or claimed (Chiron) ring systems. For Chariklo, the rings do not impact the diameter determinations by more than ~5%; for Chiron, invoking a ring system does not help in improving the consistency between the numerous past size measurements. As a general conclusion, all the objects, except Makemake, have radio emissivities significantly lower than unity. Although the emissivity values show diversity, we do not find any significant trend with physical parameters such as diameter, composition, beaming factor, albedo, or color, but we suggest that the emissivity could be correlated with grain size. The mean relative radio emissivity is found to be 0.70 ± 0.13, a value that we recommend for the analysis of further mm/submm data.
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► Dendrite array and Ag3Sn IMC affect the mechanical behavior of Sn–Ag alloys. ► Combined fiber-like Ag3Sn/tertiary dendritic arms seems to increase the elongation. ► Tertiary ...dendritic arms affect both UTS and YS results in a Sn–3.5wt.% Ag alloy.
The aim of this experimental investigation is to evaluate the tensile properties of as-cast Sn–Ag alloys as a function of both the resulting secondary dendritic arm spacings and the morphology of the Ag3Sn IMC (intermetallic compound). This comparative experimental investigation was carried out with a view to assess the application of Sn–Ag alloys as alternative solder materials. A directional water-cooled solidification apparatus was used to obtain the as-cast samples. The resulting microstructures, ultimate and yield tensile strengths and elongation of Sn–2wt.% Ag and Sn–3.5wt.% Ag alloys were experimentally determined and compared with the corresponding results of the traditional Sn–40wt.% Pb solder alloy. It was found that the Sn–Ag alloys examined comply with the compromise between compatible mechanical strength and environmental protection.
•Serum progesterone (P) rises after ovulation in the luteinisation process.•A random serum P⩾5ng/ml is highly specific for confirming ovulation.•It has a specificity of 98.4 (95% CI 96.0–99.5).•It ...provides a sensitivity of 89.6 (95% CI 85.2–92.9).•This finding has practical use in a variety of clinical settings.
Serum progesterone (P) rises after ovulation in the luteinisation process.
To identify an accurate progesterone threshold to confirm ovulation in the assessment of a woman’s fertility.
In a secondary analysis of an observational European multicentre study, this study included 107 women over 326 menstrual cycles and tracked daily first morning urine (FMU), changes in observed cervical mucus discharge, serum progesterone, and ultrasonography to identify the day of ovulation. A serum progesterone level was available for 102 women over a total 260 cycles with one or two P levels per cycle.
It was found that a single serum P⩾5ng/ml is highly specific with a specificity of 98.4 (95% CI 96.0–99.5), with a sensitivity of 89.6 (95% CI 85.2–92.9).
A random serum progesterone level ⩾5ng/ml confirms ovulation. This may be of use for clinicians wanting to confirm that ovulation has occurred.
In this work oxide films have been developed on the surface of a duplex stainless steel (UNS 1.4462) using high temperature confocal microscopy to follow their growth. The characteristics of these ...oxide films have been analyzed by means of weight-gain measurements, Raman microscopy and electrochemical techniques, namely potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show an increase in the amount of oxides (particularly γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) with temperature. Regarding the electrochemical properties of these films, the corrosion resistance of the film tends to be lower with the heat treatment temperature, probably due to a more porous and heterogeneous scale. Mott–Schottky plots show the n-type semiconductive behavior of the films with donor densities that decrease with the enhancement of the temperature.
•Oxidation of duplex stainless steels takes place in a sequential way.•Presence of magnetite among the formed oxides grows with the heating temperature.•The formation of nodules is greater as heating temperature increases.•EIS reveals that Alloy 900-corrosion-resistance decreases due to the heat treatment.•Mott–Schottky plots show an n-type semiconductive behavior.
Context.
We present results from the first recorded stellar occultation by the large trans-Neptunian object (174567) Varda that was observed on September 10, 2018. Varda belongs to the ...high-inclination dynamically excited population, and has a satellite, Ilmarë, which is half the size of Varda.
Aims.
We determine the size and albedo of Varda and constrain its 3D shape and density.
Methods.
Thirteen different sites in the USA monitored the event, five of which detected an occultation by the main body. A best-fitting ellipse to the occultation chords provides the instantaneous limb of the body, from which the geometric albedo is computed. The size and shape of Varda are evaluated, and its bulk density is constrained using Varda’s mass as is known from previous works.
Results.
The best-fitting elliptical limb has semi-major (equatorial) axis of (383 ± 3) km and an apparent oblateness of 0.066 ± 0.047, corresponding to an apparent area-equivalent radius
R
′
equiv
= (370±7) km and geometric albedo
p
v
= 0.099 ± 0.002 assuming a visual absolute magnitude
H
V
= 3.81 ± 0.01. Using three possible rotational periods for the body (4.76, 5.91, and 7.87 h), we derive corresponding MacLaurin solutions. Furthermore, given the low-amplitude (0.06 ± 0.01) mag of the single-peaked rotational light-curve for the aforementioned periods, we consider the double periods. For the 5.91 h period (the most probable) and its double (11.82 h), we find bulk densities and true oblateness of
ρ
= (1.78 ± 0.06) g cm
−3
,
ɛ
= 0.235 ± 0.050, and
ρ
= (1.23 ± 0.04) g cm
−3
,
ɛ
= 0.080 ± 0.049. However, it must be noted that the other solutions cannot be excluded just yet.
BASECOL2023 scientific content Dubernet, M. L.; Boursier, C.; Denis-Alpizar, O. ...
Astronomy & astrophysics,
03/2024, Letnik:
683
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Context . The global context of making numerous data produced by researchers available requires collecting and organising the data, assigning meaningful metadata, and presenting the data in a ...meaningful and homogeneous way. The BASECOL database, which collects inelastic rate coefficients for application to the interstellar medium and to circumstellar and cometary atmospheres, meets those requirements. Aims . We aim to present the scientific content of the BASECOL2023 edition. Methods . While the previous versions relied on finding rate coefficients in the literature, the current version is populated with published results sent by the producers of data. The paper presents the database, the type of data that can be found, the type of metadata that are used, and the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) standards that are used for the metadata. Finally, we present the different datasets species by species. Results . As the BASECOL database, interconnected with the VAMDC e-infrastructure, uses the VAMDC standards, the collisional data can be extracted with tools using VAMDC standards and can be associated with spectroscopic data extracted from other VAMDC connected databases such as the Cologne database for molecular spectroscopy (CDMS), the jet propulsion laboratory molecular spectroscopy database (JPL), and the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN).
The ionospheric responses to the total solar eclipse on 2 July 2019 over low latitudes in southern South America are presented. Ionosonde observations were used within the totality path at La Serena ...(LS: 29.9°S, 71.3°W) and at Tucumán (TU: 26.9°S, 65.4°W) and Jicamarca (JI: 12.0°S, 76.8°W), with 85% and 52% obscuration, respectively. Total electron content (TEC) estimations over the South American continent were analyzed. The ionospheric impact of the eclipse was simulated using the Sheffield University Plasmasphere‐Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). The significant variability of the diurnal variations of the various ionospheric characteristics over equatorial and low latitudes on geomagnetically quiet days makes it difficult to unambiguously determine the ionospheric responses to the eclipse. Nonetheless, some specific issues can be derived, mainly using simulation results. The E and F1 layer critical frequencies and densities below 200 km are found to consistently depend on decreasing solar radiation. However, the F1 layer stratification observed at both TU and LS cannot be related to the eclipse or other processes. The F2 layer does not follow the changes in direct solar radiation during the eclipse. The SUPIM‐INPE‐modeled F region critical frequency and TEC are overestimated before the eclipse at LS and particularly at TU. However, these overestimations are within the observed large day‐to‐day variability. When an artificial prereversal enhancement is added, the simulations during the eclipse better reproduce the observations at JI, are qualitatively better for LS, and are out of phase for TU. The simulations are consistent with conjugate location effects.
Key Points
Report on ionosonde observations and Global Navigation Satellite System estimated total electron contents for the 2 July 2019 solar eclipse
Low‐latitude modeling of ionospheric characteristics leads to the hypothesis of an equatorial prereversal enhanced electric field
Differences from previous observations for other solar eclipses and the effects of the reference selection procedure are discussed
We were able to accurately predict the shadow path and successfully observe an occultation of a bright star by Chiron on December 15, 2022. The Kottamia Astronomical Observatory in Egypt did not ...detect the occultation by the solid body, but we found three extinction features in the light curve that had symmetrical counterparts with respect to the central time of the occultation. One of the features is broad and shallow, whereas the other two features are sharper, with a maximum extinction of ∼25% at the achieved spatial resolution of 19 km per data point. From the Wise Observatory in Israel, we detected the occultation caused by the main body and several extinction features surrounding the body. When all the secondary features are plotted in the sky plane, we find that they can be caused by a broad ∼580 km disk with concentrations at radii of 325 ± 16 km and 423 ± 11 km surrounding Chiron. At least one of these structures appears to be outside the Roche limit. The ecliptic coordinates of the pole of the disk are
λ
= 151° ±8° and
β
= 18° ±11°, in agreement with previous results. We also reveal our long-term photometry results, indicating that Chiron had suffered a brightness outburst of at least 0.6 mag between March and September 2021 and that Chiron was still somewhat brighter at the occultation date than at its nominal pre-outburst phase. The outermost extinction features might be consistent with a bound or temporarily bound structure associated with the brightness increase. However, the nature of the brightness outburst is unclear, and it is also unclear whether the dust or ice released in the outburst could be feeding a putative ring structure or whether it is emanating from it.
•Pellets of olive oil biomass with high energy, independent of the storage time.•Alperujo and Orujo do not change their physical-chemical properties in the time.•The production of pellet, reduce the ...environmental impact and gives value to waste.•Inclusion of agroindustrial waste in pellet production reduces production costs.
Use of agroindustrial wastes helps productive processes to have a more sustainable development. In this work, the physical-chemical characteristics of alperujo and orujo residues were studied, demonstrating that both can be combined for pellet production. For this purpose, 12 types of pellets based on different combinations of alperujo, orujo, Pinus radiata and Populus spp. materials were manufactured in the laboratory. Their energetic and physical properties were analyzed using different ISO standards, resulting in eight suitable samples that complied with regulations. A comparative cost analysis was also carried out to evaluate the profitability of the pellets produced compared to the traditional pellets from Pinus radiata. It was concluded that profitability increased by 11.0% when producing pellets with a Pinus radiata mixture, mainly due to the decrease in acquisition, sawing and transportation costs. In addition, sustainable pellets production decreased emissions by 5.0% (78,780 tonnes CO2 year−1). The most profitable mixture was that of alperujo/Pinus radiata 90/10 w/w, due to both reduced costs and a reduction in CO2 emissions. Sustainable pellets showed as perfectly suitable to be used as a solid biofuel.
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