Bamboo shoots (BS) have a variety of nutritional benefits; however, their anti-obesity effect and its underlying mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective ...effect of BS against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut dysbiosis in mice. After 12 weeks of feeding C57BL/6J mice either on a normal or an HFD with or without BS, metabolic indicators, including blood lipids and glucose tolerance, were measured.
gene sequencing and metabolomics were used to identify alterations in gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic profiling. The results demonstrated that BS supplementation reduced body weight by 30.56%, mitigated liver damage, and improved insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice. In addition, BS increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g.,
and
), and reduced levels of harmful bacteria (e.g.,
and
). Finally, BS increased many beneficial fecal metabolites, such as fatty acids and bile acids, which are highly relevant to the altered gut microbiota. Based on the modulatory effect of BS on microbiota composition and gut metabolite levels observed in this study, we suggest that BS may be beneficial in treating obesity and its related complications.
This paper proposes a novel dual-polarized filtering patch antenna without an extra circuit. The proposed antenna shows a quasi-elliptic filtering response with four radiation nulls. One radiation ...null is achieved with a stacked patch, and three more radiation nulls are introduced by the split ring resonators (SRRs) placed inside the antenna aperture. The SRR can achieve one radiation null, and the shorted SRR (SSRR) can achieve two radiation nulls for its odd and even modes. This filtering antenna is fabricated on two stacked substrates with three metallic layers, which is suitable for integration. As demonstrations, two antennas are designed to meet the applications for the 5G band (4.8-5 GHz) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{S}11< -10 </tex-math></inline-formula> dB with the total profile of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.06~\lambda _{\mathrm {L}} </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda _{\mathrm {L}} </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. The antenna implemented on FR4 substrate achieves an average gain of 5 dBi, while the antenna fabricated on two substrates, Rogers-4350 and FR4, can improve the realized gain to over 6 dBi. The measured isolation is better than 20 dB within the operating band. The out-of-band gain suppression level is more than 15 dB within the 3.4-3.6 GHz and more than 20 dB for WLAN band.
In this paper, a miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) with good selectivity based on ring-loaded resonator (RLR) and 0° feed structure is proposed. First, the RLR is investigated ...theoretically and numerically, and a miniaturized Filter I is designed based on the RLR and filter synthesis approach. Secondly, based on the coupling structure of the previous BPF and theory of 0° feed structure, the sub Filter II is formed. By appropriately adjusting the location of the I/O ports, the dual-band filter can be achieved simply. The proposed dual-band BPF provides compact size and satisfactory out-of-band rejection between each band with multiple transmission zeros (TZs) introduced by source/load coupling and a special coupling scheme.
This paper first proposes a 3D printed, compact, low-profile, ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation characteristics. The antenna is composed of one ...triangular feeding structure, one triangular shorted structure, a common capacitive top hat, and two parasitic metallic pins. Compared with traditional UWB antennas with symmetrical configuration, the proposed UWB antenna is a three-dimensional version of inverted "F" with asymmetrical structure. The proposed antenna can realize compact aperture and low profile (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.19\lambda _{L}\times 0.19\lambda _{L}\times 0.06\lambda _{L} </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda _{L} </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength of the lowest operating frequency). Two parasitic pins are utilized to enhance the omnidirectionality of the antenna in the azimuth plane. The impedance bandwidth is greater than 10:1 (2.96-30 GHz) for VSWR < 3, and the bandwidth with horizontal radiation pattern ripple better than ±5 dB is more than 4.9:1 (2.96-14.5 GHz). Second, this UWB design is modified to realize dual bands with a deep band-notch by adding a split gap inside the antenna. The proposed band-notched antenna is designed with the bandwidth of 2.4-2.5 and 5-10 GHz for VSWR < 2 with good horizontal radiation pattern omnidirectionality, which can be used for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN applications. The prototypes of the proposed UWB and band-notched antennas are fabricated by metallic 3D printing, and the simulated and measured results meet well.
In this paper, two compact dual-band substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) filtering antennas with high selectivity based on dual gap-coupled patches are proposed. By using a quasi-I-shaped ...feedline, etching longitudinal slots on two patches placed symmetrically and connecting a metal strip with both patches through metallized vias, three radiation nulls (RNs) are generated in the stopband. Thus, an excellent dual-band SISL filtering antenna with broadside radiation is achieved, resulting in high selectivity and deep stopband rejection. To further integrate filtering response and dual-band with different radiation, a dual-band SISL filtering antenna with broadside and bidirectional beams is realized. Two RNs are introduced near the upper passband with bidirectional beams by folded C-shaped slots and parasitic strips, and the bidirectional beam is formed by inverted currents on both patches. Moreover, by connecting a T-shaped metal strip with both patches through metallized vias, an extra RN is acquired near the lower passband with broadside beams. Therefore, sharp roll-off and different radiation in the dual-band are both achieved. The operating mechanism of both designs is analyzed. Two prototypes are fabricated and tested, good agreement between simulated and tested values is observed.
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanisms of anti-obesity remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. Recent evidence demonstrates that gut ...microbiota plays a key role in obesity. This spurred us to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of RSV are related to modulations in the gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Here, RSV significantly improved metabolic phenotype and intestinal oxidative stress in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A multi-omics approach was used to systematically profile the microbial signatures at both the phylogenetic and functional levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenome. At the phylogenetic level, RSV treatment significantly modulated the gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice, characterized with increased Blautia abundance and decreased Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group abundance. At the functional level, RSV significantly decreased the enrichment of pathways linked to host metabolic disease and increased the enrichment of pathways involved in the generation of small metabolites. Besides, the fecal microbiota transplantation experiment showed anti-obesity and microbiota-modulating effects similar to those observed in the oral RSV-feeding experiment. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis and antibiotic treatment verified that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) were the two gut metabolites of RSV, which contribute to improving lipid metabolism in vitro. Moreover, the content of 4-HPA and 3-HPP exhibited strong correlation with the intestinal oxidative state. We concluded that the RSV-mediated alteration of gut microbiota, related gut metabolites and redox state of the intestinal environment contributed to prevention of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed mice.
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•RSV memorably shifts the microbiome structure and function in HFD mice.•Transplant the RSV-microbiota to HFD mice can fully transfer the anti-obesity effects of RSV.•4-HPA and 3-HPP are two gut metabolites of RSV.•4-HPA and 3-HPP not RSV, reduce fat accumulation in vitro.
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has been reported to reduce the risk of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays ...an important role in the protection against NAFLD and other metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and the beneficial effects of resveratrol on the amelioration of NAFLD in mice. We observed marked decreases in body weight and liver steatosis and improved insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice treated with resveratrol. Furthermore, we found that resveratrol treatment alleviated NAFLD in HFD-fed mice by improving the intestinal microenvironment, including gut barrier function and gut microbiota composition. On the one hand, resveratrol improved gut intestinal barrier integrity through the repair of intestinal mucosal morphology and increased the expression of physical barrier- and physiochemical barrier-related factors in HFD-fed mice. On the other hand, in HFD-fed mice, resveratrol supplementation modulated the gut bacterial composition. The resveratrol-induced gut microbiota was characterized by a decreased abundance of harmful bacteria, including Desulfovibrio, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A316_group and Alistipes, as well as an increased abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Allobaculum, Bacteroides and Blautia. Moreover, transplantation of the HFDR-microbiota into HFD-fed mice sufficiently decreased body weight, liver steatosis and low-grade inflammation and improved hepatic lipid metabolism. Collectively, resveratrol would provide a potentially dietary intervention strategy against NAFLD through modulating the intestinal microenvironment.
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In this paper, two compact tri-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters (BPFs) with high selectivity and controllable center frequencies are presented based on the proposed tri-mode ...SIW resonant cavity perturbed by metallized vias. The resonant characteristics of the tri-mode SIW cavity are first analyzed, and the impacts of some key parameters on the resonant frequency are comparatively analyzed to further elucidate the flexible controlling of the vias perturbated SIW cavity structure. For demonstrating the superiority of the proposed tri-mode SIW cavity, a prototype of tri-band SIW BPF, centered at 11.18, 12.61 and 13.33GHz, is designed using one-layer substrate. In order to further reduce the occupied size, a tri-band SIW BPF with controllable center frequencies of 11.93, 13.21 and 14.12GHz, is constructed based on electric and magnetic coupling structure using two layers substrates. Both of the proposed triband BPFs exhibit six transmission zeros (TZs), resulting in good out-of-band rejections. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones.
A high-gain wideband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) based on semi-cylindrical grooved structure is presented in this paper. A semi-cylindrical grooved structure is used to combine ...the higher-order HEM12σ mode of the CDRA with that of the slot resonant mode, so to realize a hybrid radiation mode with high gain characteristics. For further improving the realized gain of the antenna, a pair of parasitic metal panels is employed symmetrically without increasing the horizontal size and profile. Moreover, by employing the HEM12σ mode and slot modes concurrently, the proposed high-gain wideband CDRA fed by microstrip-to-stripline feeding structure realizes the wide bandwidth of 5.92GHz. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the bottom of the feed structure, which plays the role of a reflector, the realized gain is improved without requiring further design improvements. Finally, a prototype of demonstration is designed, fabricated and measured. The proposed antenna achieves a peak gain of 12.9dBi over a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 22.1% around 27 GHz. The measured results agree well with simulated ones. It is a good candidate for 5G millimeter wave wireless communications.
Adherent-invasive
plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Blocking the adhesion of
to intestinal epithelial cells appears to be useful for attenuating inflammatory ...bowel disease. Lycopene has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to test the intervention effect of lycopene on colitis in mice and to investigate the possible mechanism through which lycopene affects the adhesion of
to intestinal epithelial cells. Lycopene (12 mg/kg BW) attenuated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, decreased the proportion of
, and activated the NLR family pyrin domain containing 12 and inactivated nuclear factor kappa B pathways. Furthermore, lycopene inhibited the adhesion of
O157:H7 to Caco-2 cells by blocking the interaction between
O157:H7 and integrin β1. Lycopene ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by improving epithelial barrier functions and inhibiting
adhesion. Overall, these results show that lycopene may be a promising component for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
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