Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with putative anti-obesity effects; however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. Microbial functions in the physiology ...result from the microbiota-host coevolution has profoundly affected host metabolism. Here, we sought to determine how beneficial microbiome caused by RSV interventions affects antiobesity.
C57BL/6J mice were fed either standard diet (SD) or RSV (300 mg/kg/day) diet for 16 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences. Then, transplant the RSV-microbiota to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice (HFD-RSVT) to explore the function of microbiota. Body weight and food intake were monitored. Markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, gut microbiota compostion, and intestinal barrier were determined.
Mice treated with RSV shows a remarkable alteration in microbiota composition compared with that of SD-fed mice and is characterized by an enrichment of Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Ruminiclostridium_9, collectively referred to as RSV-microbiota. We further explored whether RSV-microbiota has anti-obesity functions. Transplantation of the RSV-microbiota to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice (HFD-RSVT) was sufficient to decrease their weight gain and increase their insulin sensitivity. Moreover, RSV-microbiota was able to modulate lipid metabolism, stimulate the development of beige adipocytes in WAT, reduce inflammation and improve intestinal barrier function.
Our study demonstrates that RSV-induced microbiota plays a key role in controlling obesity development and brings new insights to a potential therapy based on host-microbe interactions.
Purpose
Recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the treatment of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions. Ginger (
Zingiber officinale
Roscoe), one of the ...most commonly used spices and dietary supplements, has been shown to exert beneficial effects against obesity and related disorders. However, to date, the mechanisms linking these effects to the gut microbiota remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolic adaptations resulting from ginger supplementation in mice.
Methods
Four groups of mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without ginger supplementation for 16 weeks. Lipid profiles, proinflammatory cytokines, glucose tolerance, microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were analyzed at the end of the experiment. In addition, microbiota-depleted mice were transplanted with the fecal microbiota of mice fed a HFD or mice fed a HFD along with ginger supplementation. Glucose tolerance and microbiota composition were assessed after a 8-week fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
Results
We observed marked decreases in body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation as well as amelioration of insulin resistance in the HFD-fed mice treated with ginger. Furthermore, ginger supplementation modulated the gut microbiota composition and increased species belonging to the
Bifidobacterium
genus and SCFA-producing bacteria (
Alloprevotella
and
Allobaculum
), along with increases in fecal SCFA concentrations. The FMT experiment showed anti-obesity and microbiota-modulating effects similar to those observed in the oral ginger-feeding experiment.
Conclusions
This study suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota as a result of ginger supplementation has a therapeutic effect on obesity in mice.
Anthocyanins are one of the most widespread families of natural pigments in the plant kingdom. Their health beneficial effects have been documented in many in vivo and in vitro studies. This review ...summarizes the most recent literature regarding the health benefits of anthocyanins and their molecular mechanisms. It appears that several signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor κB, AMP-activated protein kinase, and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as some crucial cellular processes, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and biochemical metabolism, are involved in these beneficial effects and may provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies for the improvement of a wide range of diseases in future. In addition, specific anthocyanin metabolites contributing to the observed in vivo biological activities, structure-activity relationships as well as additive and synergistic efficacy of anthocyanins are also discussed.
The interplay between the host and host-associated gut microbiota is an area of increasing interest during the recent decade. From young infants to elderly people, from primitive tribes to modern ...societies, accumulating evidence has suggested the association of critical physiological roles of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of a variety of human metabolic, immunological and neurological diseases. Importantly, it appears that the relationship between the gut microbiota and disease is bidirectional, instead of causal or consequential. Personalized nutritional and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and fecal microbiota transplantation may create a new era in the human health.
Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal homeostasis dysregulation. Barley leaf (BL) has a long history of ...use in Traditional Chinese Medicine with potential health-promoting effects on intestinal functions. However, its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we explore the potential modulating roles of gut microbial metabolites of BL to protect against colitis and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Using 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis, we first found that dietary supplementation of BL ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The mechanisms by which BL protected against DSS-induced colitis were resulted from improved intestinal mucosal barrier functions via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ signaling. In addition, metabolomic profiling analysis showed that the gut microbiota modulated BL-induced metabolic reprograming in the colonic tissues particularly by the enhancement of glycolysis process. Notably, dietary BL supplementation resulted in the enrichment of microbiota-derived purine metabolite inosine, which could activate PPARγ signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine reproduced similar protective effects as BL to protect against DSS-induced colitis through improving adenosine 2A receptor (A
R)/PPARγ-dependent mucosal barrier functions.
Overall, our findings suggest that the gut microbiota-inosine-A
R/PPARγ axis plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, which may represent a novel approach for colitis prevention via manipulation of the gut microbial purine metabolite. Video Abstract.
Single-layer dual-/tri-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filtenna based on multifunctional cavity-backed slots is proposed in this communication. The cavity-backed slots etched on the SIW ...cavity can be considered as radiators as well as resonators. When a pair of back-to-back open-loop slots embedded with a straight slot are etched on the SIW cavity, three resonant modes generated by slots combine with TE 101 mode of the SIW cavity to form the superior dual-band filtering response. Moreover, four radiation nulls (RNs) located at both sides of two operational passbands are generated, resulting in the sharp roll-offs and deep stopband rejection. To further prove this design concept, a tri-band SIW filtenna is designed by utilizing two pairs of back-to-back open-loop slots embedded with a straight slot, six RNs are introduced in the stopbands, realizing the excellent tri-band filtering performance. The operating mechanism of the proposed antennas is numerically analyzed. Two prototype antennas are fabricated and tested to validation, the center frequencies of the dual-band filtenna are 4.56 and 5.7 GHz, and the tri-band filtenna are centered at 4.1, 4.82 and 5.62 GHz, showing good radiation characteristics in each passband. Compared with other designs, the proposed antennas exhibit the advantages of single-layer structure, small size and high selectivity, satisfying the requirements of 5G multi-frequency communication applications.
Obesity is a metabolic disease caused by an imbalance between energy intake and consumption, which leads to excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissues ....
A compact low-profile differential dual-polarized filtenna without an external filter circuit for vehicular communications is proposed in this paper. It has a compact, low-profile, simple, and ...symmetrical structure, which consists of four identical quarter circular patches with a pair of crossed feeding lines symmetrically and orthogonally embedded. Good filtering performance with three radiation nulls (RNs) generated without extra filtering structure is achieved, and the production mechanisms of three RNs are studied numerically. To get a deep insight into its working mechanism, the proposed structure is analyzed, and the equivalent lumped circuit is modeled and simulated. The prototype antenna with low profile of 2.832 mm and average gain of about 9.1 dBi within the frequency band of 5.28-6.11 GHz is fabricated and measured. Moreover, the measured polarization isolation is more than 44 dB within the operating band and the measured cross-polarization level is less than −29 dB. Good agreement between simulated and measured results can be acquired. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for in-vehicle local area networks (WLAN), in-vehicle Wi-Fi 6E, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and 5G vehicle-to-basestation communication applications.
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisted of trillions of microbes that have co-evolved with their host for hundreds of millions of years. During the last decade, a growing body of ...knowledge has suggested that there is a compelling set of connections among diet, gut microbiota and human health. Various physiological functions of the host, ranging from metabolic and immune regulation to nerve and endocrine development, are possibly mediated by the structural components of microbial cell or the products of microbial metabolism, which are greatly influenced by dietary macronutrients and micronutrients. Thus, governing the production and activity of these microbial-associated small molecules and metabolites through dietary intervention may provide promising strategies for the improvement of human health and disease. In this review article, we first provide an overview of current findings about the intimate interrelationships between diet and gut microbiota. We also introduce the physiological effects of some microbial-associated small molecules and metabolites on the host as well as the detailed signaling mechanisms.
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