Electron-ion collider in China Anderle, Daniele P.; Bertone, Valerio; Cao, Xu ...
Frontiers of Physics,
12/2021, Letnik:
16, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion ...collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a po- larization of 80%) and protons (with a polarization of 70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2-3)×10 33 cm −2*s −1. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.
The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.
This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.
Abstract
Background
The group care is a well-established maternal care model that has been widely used in many developed countries, but in China, it is confined to prenatal care services. In ...addition, affected by traditional birth culture, Chinese women tend to focus more on their fetuses and newborns but lack attention to their own intrapartum and postpartum care. The aim of this study was to construct and implement a prenatal, intrapartum, and the postpartum continuous group care model that combines online and offline service in Hainan Province, China, and to evaluate the effect on maternal women and newborns.
Methods
This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 144 pregnant women in a first-class tertiary general hospital in Hainan Province, China. Women were divided into an intervention group and a control group using the random number table, with 72 women in each group. The control group received routine maternal care services, and the intervention group received the continuous group care based on the routine maternal care services. Count data such as rate of cesarean section and incidence rate of fetal macrosomia were analyzed with the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, and the General Self-efficacy Scale scores were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.
P
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant, with two-sided probability values.
Results
Compared with the control group, the rate of excessive prenatal weight gain, cesarean section, and 42-day postpartum depression were significantly lower in the intervention group (
P
< 0.05), and higher General Self-efficacy Scale scores (in the expectant period and 42 days postpartum) and exclusive breastfeeding rate (42 days postpartum) (
P
< 0.05). The incidence of fetal macrosomia was significantly lower in the intervention group (
P
< 0.05). But there was no significant difference in birth weight, preterm birth, the incidence of low-birth-weight infants and 1-min Apgar score (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion
The continuous group care with online and offline service can effectively control the gestational weight gain, reduce the rate of cesarean section, macrosomia, and postpartum depression. It can improve the self-efficacy of women and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding effectively.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Regestry (ChiCTR2200065765, 04/11/2022, Retrospectively registered).
The increasing numbers of women in the workforce is an inevitable trend in China. More and more employed women stop breastfeeding because of working stressors. Many mothers, however, overcome the ...challenges and insist on breastfeeding after returning to work. Their individual experience of breastfeeding may provide a new insight to promote and support breastfeeding on employed mothers. This study sought to understand mothers' experience with insisting on breastfeeding after returning to work based on Kumpfer's Resilience Framework in Chinese context.
This qualitative study was designed with semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were employed to recruit 13 full-time working mothers with a stable job in the public sector who continued to breastfeed for 1 month or longer after returning to work in Haikou, Hainan Province, China. Interviews were conducted from January to March 2020 to capture participants' experiences of breastfeed after returning to work. Grounded theory and Kumpfer's Resilience Framework were used to analyze data via a systematic and iterative process.
Employed mothers built resilience while continuing to breastfeed after returning to work. The core concept was "dynamic interaction". Other categories were the background and explanation of this phenomenon. For working mothers who continued to breastfeed, resilience involved "dynamic interaction", which started from "experiencing stressors" and "obtaining support", two environmental factors interacted with the individual to "build resilience qualities", which interact with environment led to "behavioral resilience". And then the ongoing dynamic interaction between behavioral resilience and environment ultimately led to three different "weaning processes", including natural weaning, active weaning, and forced weaning.
This study identified the framework of resilience in mothers who were in the adversity of breastfeeding after returning to work based on Kumpfer's Resilience Framework. It provided a new insight into the resilience of employed mothers around the world to continue breastfeeding and showed the different culture of breastfeeding on employed mothers.
The study explored and analyzed the effects of online training based continuous nursing care on the health-related life quality and self-care ability of rectal cancer patients undergoing permanent ...colostomy.
A total of 119 patients who were hospitalized and underwent permanent colostomy due to rectal cancer from January 2018 to December 2019 were collected as research subjects and were divided into the control group (n=57) and the observation group (n=62) based on their admission time. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group was treated with online training based continuous nursing care in addition to routine nursing. Both groups' self-efficacy, self-care ability, quality of life, psychological status and complications within 6 months after discharge were compared.
Both groups had increased scores in self-efficacy, and their dimensional scores and total scores of self-care ability after intervention were higher compared with pre-intervention (
), and the indexes of the observation group after intervention were significantly higher than that of the control group (
). The two groups had remarkably increased SF-36 scores of each dimension after intervention compared with pre-intervention (P<0.05), and the observation group had apparently higher SF-36 scores than the control group after intervention (P<0.05). The two groups had increased SAS and SDS grades in post-intervention compared with pre-intervention (P<0.05), and the observation group had notably higher SAS and SDS scores than the control group (P<0.05). The complication rate within 6 months after discharge in the observation group was obviously lower than which in the control group (
).
An online training based continuous caring model can effectively improve the self-care ability and self-efficacy of rectal cancer patients with permanent enterostomy, thus promoting better life quality and psychological states, and effectively reducing the incidence of complications after discharge.
The cesarean section rate is as high as 36.7% in China, much higher than the average cesarean section rate of 27% in Asia. With the implementation of the two-children and three-children policy, the ...primipara with cesarean will also face the choice of repeated or even multiple cesareans, which will increase the risk of maternal perinatal mortality and serious fetal pulmonary morbidity. To reduce the cesarean section rate, a series of midwifery service measures such as the birth plan have been taken in China and it has played a certain role in improving the birth outcome and maternal birth experience. However, the areas carrying out birth plan are often economically developed with advanced medical conditions. the application effect of birth plan in economically underdeveloped areas with limited medical conditions in China is unknown.
To evaluate the effects of a continuous partnership-based birth plan on local women's birth outcomes and experience in Haikou which is an economically underdeveloped city in China.
A randomized controlled trial study design was used.
90 primiparous women who received pregnancy service from the obstetrics clinic of one of tertiary hospitals in Haikou city, Hainan Province between July 2020 and December 2020 and planned to give birth in this hospital were recruited.
After eligibility was determined, consents obtained and baseline surveys completed, 90 participants were randomly allocated to study groups with concealed opaque envelopes by a blinded research assistant and each group were 45 participants. Participants in control group received routine obstetric health service and nursing care, while participants in the experimental group received the continuous partnership service of midwives on the basis of routine care. At the same time, the birth plan was formulated and implemented, and the relevant indicators were recorded and analyzed during and after birth, including cesarean section rate, non-medical indication cesarean section rate, oxytocin use rate, perineal lateral resection rate and anxiety degree.
The cesarean rate in the experiment and control groups were 20.45% and 57.14%, of which the non-medical indication cesarean rate in the experiment and control groups were 22.22% and 50.00%, respectively, whereby the difference of cesarean rate and nonmedically indicated cesarean section rate between the groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 12.231, p < 0.001;χ2 = 9.101, p = 0.003). Besides, the differences in anxiety degree, neonatal NICU transfer rate and satisfaction of birth between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). While there was no significant difference in oxytocin use rate, perineal lateral resection rate, neonatal 1-min and 5-min Alzheimer's score between the two groups (P > 0.05).
The birth plan based on continuous partnership can reduce medical intervention, improve birth outcomes, reduce anxiety and optimize maternal birth experience of women, which is worthy of promotion in economically underdeveloped areas of China.
Vasectomy was once the most common birth control method in both Sichuan Province, China and the world. However, since the 1990s the prevalence of vasectomy in Sichuan, has declined significantly ...compared to female sterilization in Sichuan and national prevalence of male/female sterilization during the same period. To explore possible reasons for this decline, 27 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 8 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in four strata of Sichuan. Procedures for qualitative data analysis were used. The findings reveal the decline in vasectomy in Sichuan Province is influenced by multiple factors, including shifts in demographics, changes in family planning working approach and people's perceptions of reproduction, lack of information and misunderstandings about vasectomy, the stereotype of male dominance, bias and preference of program and provider, and the impact of a market economy. Several implications arise from the study for future program development.
Objective. To investigate the IMRT treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma term effect, toxicity, and technical features. Methods. Sliding windows dynamic CT image-guided IMRT techniques on 31 patients ...for treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radical radiotherapy, with 30 to 33 min irradiation. Target prescription dose GTVnx, GTVnd, CTV1, and CTV2 were 70∼76Gy, 68∼70Gy, 60∼66Gy, and 54Gy, while giving a dose of vital organs, the brain stem, and other restrictions to protect the parotid gland. Results. During 3 to 18 months of follow-up for a median period of 10 months, 1-year locoregional patients’ progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rates were 93.5%, 87.1%, and 93.5%, respectively. Acute radiation reactions of grade I and II, xerostomia, and radioactive stomatitis were not observed. IMRT DVH analysis showed increased total dose and the irradiation target volume divided doses, reduced OARs illuminated, and the total dose divided doses. Conclusion. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can achieve good short-term effects, significantly reduce the acute radiation response, and improve the quality of life of patients. It is worthy of promotion and application and in-depth research.
Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted psychological intervention combined with standardized pain care on postoperative pain, depression, and anxiety in ...patients with intestinal obstruction. Methods. 84 patients with intestinal obstruction hospitalized at our hospital from October 2019 to February 2021 were randomly divided into study and control groups. The patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing, and the patients in the study group were treated with focused psychological intervention combined with standardized pain nursing. The pain degree (VAS), depression and anxiety (SDS, SAS) score, sleep quality (PSQI) score, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups before and after intervention were calculated. Results. Before intervention, no significant differences in VAS score between the study and control groups were observed. The VAS score of 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h dry prognosis in the study group was lower than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in the scores of SDS and SAS between two groups. After intervention, the scores of SDS and SAS in the study group were lower than those in the control group. After intervention, the scores of daytime dysfunction, hypnotic drugs, sleep disorders, sleep efficiency, sleep time, and sleep quality in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The scores of nursing state, nursing technique, nurse-patient communication, and inspection observation in the study group were higher than those in the control. Conclusion. The intervention of focused psychological intervention combined with standardized pain nursing on patients with intestinal obstruction can effectively relieve their negative emotion and reduce the degree of postoperative pain. In addition, it can improve patients’ sleep quality and enhance patients’ satisfaction with all kinds of nursing work.
The solenoid Siberian snake has been experimentally validated as a key device for maintaining polarization in a ring accelerator. However, the existing constant strength solenoid Siberian snake is ...not suitable for the rapid cycling accelerator like the high-intensity heavy-ion booster ring (BRing) under construction. A new program for spin dynamics simulation and scheme design is developed. After simulations, a new solenoid Siberian snake, the constant field solenoid Siberian snake, is a more feasible solution for the BRing. Placing a solenoid with an integration field of 0.942 Tm in the electron cooling section of the BRing with suitable vertical tune and injection polarization direction can control the polarization loss less than 10%, which meets the needs of highly polarized Electron-ion collider in China (EicC).
This study explored and analyzed the effect of evidence-based nursing program of progressive exercise on patients with breast cancer-related lymphoedema.
78 breast cancer patients who underwent ...breast cancer surgery in our hospital from January to December 2018 were chosen as the control group, and 83 patients enrolled from January to December 2019 with the same condition were selected as the observation group. The control group was given routine nursing measures after surgery, while the observation group was given the evidence-based nursing (EBN) program of progressive functional exercise on affected limbs after breast cancer surgery. The postoperative lymphedema, function recovery of upper limb, score of quality life and the satisfaction of patients to nursing were compared between the two groups.
The degree of lymphedema in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group 4 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). The limb lifting function, abduction function and rotatory function of the observation group were significantly superior to those of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of physiological status, emotional status, functional status and additional concerns in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group 4 weeks after operation (25.46±3.97 vs. 16.95±4.17; 24.74±3.11 vs. 17.42±2.86; 25.48±1.69 vs. 25.48±1.69; 24.51±4.12 vs. 18.32±2.56) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in social/family status scores between the two groups (P>0.05). Additionally, the satisfaction of patients in the observation group to nursing care was also significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).
The evidence-based nursing program of progressive exercise can effectively reduce the lymphedema of patients after breast cancer surgery, improve their postoperative upper limbs function, and effectively promote the quality of life and nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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