Plants employ sophisticated mechanisms to control developmental processes and to cope with environmental changes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long ...noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), two classes of endogenous noncoding RNAs, are key regulators of gene expression in plants. Recent studies have identified the interplay between miRNAs and lncRNAs as a novel regulatory layer of gene expression in plants. On one hand, miRNAs target lncRNAs for the production of phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs). On the other hand, lncRNAs serve as origin of miRNAs or regulate the accumulation or activity of miRNAs at transcription and post-transcriptional levels. Theses lncRNA-miRNA interplays are crucial for plant development, physiology and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the biological roles, interaction mechanisms and computational predication methods of the interplay between miRNAs and lncRNAs in plants.
MAC5 is a component of the conservedMOS4-associated complex. It plays critical roles in development and immunity. Here we report that MAC5 is required for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. MAC5 interacts ...with Serrate (SE), which is a core component of the microprocessor that processes primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) into miRNAs and binds the stem-loop region of pri-miRNAs. MAC5 is essential for both the efficient processing and the stability of primiRNAs. Interestingly, the reduction of pri-miRNA levels in mac5 is partially caused by XRN2/XRN3, the nuclear-localized 5′-to-3′ exoribonucleases, and depends on SE. These results reveal that MAC5 plays a dual role in promoting pri-miRNA processing and stability through its interaction with SE and/or pri-miRNAs. This study also uncovers that pri-miRNAs need to be protected from nuclear RNA decay machinery, which is connected to the microprocessor.
In this paper, by applying a nonlinear alternative principle of Leray–Schauder and Guo–Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem on compression and expansion of cones, together with truncation technique, we ...study the existence of multiplicity noncollision periodic solutions to third-order singular dynamical systems. By combining the analysis of the sign of Green’s function for a linear equation, we consider the systems where the potential has a repulsive singularity at origin. The so-called strong force condition is not needed, and the nonlinearity may have sign changing behavior. Recent results in the literature, even in the scalar case, are generalized and improved.
Background:
Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2 (BTN3A2) is an important mediator in immune activation, and it is reported to be linked to many cancer progresses. However, the relation with ...infiltrating immune and prognosis of BTN3A2 in lung adenocarcinoma are not clear.
Methods:
In our study, we checked the mRNA expression and protein expression profile of BTN3A2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relation to clinical outcomes using TIMER and UALCAN databases. In addition, we analyzed the survival of BTN3A2 in LUAD using the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database and PrognoScan database. Moreover, we analyzed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the BTN3A2. Next, we explored the relation of BTN3A2 expression with the immune infiltration by TIMER. At last, in order to enrich the regulatory mechanism of BTN3A2, we used miRarbase, starbase, and miRDB databases to look for miRNA targets of BTN3A2.
Results:
The mRNA along with the protein expression of BTN3A2 in the LUAD group was lower than that in the normal group. In addition, high BTN3A2 expression was connected with good first progression (FP) and overall survival (OS) in LUAD. Then, the GSEA analysis demonstrated that T-cell receptor signaling cascade, B-cell receptor signaling cascade, natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity, immune receptor activity, immunological synapse, and T-cell activation were enriched differentially in the BTN3A2 high expression phenotype of LUAD. Moreover, BTN3A2 expression is a remarkable positive correlation with invading levels of tumor purity, B cells, neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD8+ T cells in LUAD, and B cells and dendritic cells were linked with a good prognosis of LUAD. To further enrich the possible regulatory mechanisms of BTN3A2, we analyzed the miRNA targets. The results showed that hsa-miR-17-5p may be miRNA targets of BTN3A2.
Conclusion:
Taking together, we provide evidence of BTN3A2 as possible prognosis biomarkers of LUAD. In addition, high BTN3A2 expression in LUAD may influence the prognosis because of immune invasion. Moreover, our findings provide a potential mechanism that hsa-miR-17-5p may be miRNA targets of BTN3A2.
Bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND), a severe complication of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, could develop into permanent neurodevelopmental impairments. Several studies have ...demonstrated that inflammation and nerve cell death play important roles in bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanism remains unidentified.
The present study was intended to investigate whether pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, participated in the bilirubin-mediated toxicity on cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Further, VX-765, a potent and selective competitive drug, was used to inhibit the activation of caspase-1. The effects of VX-765 on astrocytes treated with bilirubin, including the cell viability, morphological changes of the cell membrane and nucleus, and the production of pro-inflammation cytokines, were observed.
Stimulation of the astrocytes with unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) at the conditions mimicking those of jaundiced newborns significantly increased the activation of caspase-1. Further, caspase-1 activation was inhibited by treatment with VX-765. Compared with UCB-treated astrocytes, the relative cell viability of VX-765-pretreated astrocytes was improved; meanwhile, the formation of plasma membrane pores was prevented, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release, trypan blue staining, and ethidium bromide (EtBr) uptake. Moreover, DNA fragmentation was partly attenuated and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 was apparently decreased.
Pyroptosis is involved in the process of UCB-induced rat cortical astrocytes' injury in vitro and may be the missing link of cell death and inflammatory response exacerbating UCB-related neurotoxicity. More importantly, the depression of caspase-1 activation, the core link of pyroptosis, attenuated UCB-induced cellular dysfunction and cytokine release, which might shed light on a new therapeutic approach to BIND.
Sugars function as signal molecules to regulate growth, development, and gene expression in plants, yeasts, and animals. A coordination of sugar availability with phytohormone signals is crucial for ...plant growth and development. The molecular link between sugar availability and hormone-dependent plant growth are largely unknown. Here we report that BRI1 and BAK1 are involved in sugar-responsive growth and development. Glucose influences the physical interactions and phosphorylations of BRI1 and BAK1 in a concentration-dependent manner. BRI1 and BAK1 physically interact with G proteins that are essential for mediating sugar signaling. Biochemical data show that BRI1 can phosphorylate G protein β subunit and γ subunits, and BAK1 can phosphorylate G protein γ subunits. Genetic analyses suggest that BRI1 and BAK1 function in a common pathway with G-protein subunits to regulate sugar responses. Thus, our findings reveal an important genetic and molecular mechanism by which BR receptors associate with G proteins to regulate sugar-responsive growth and development.
Through analyzing the SH2D5 expression profiles, clinical features, and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the study was intended to discuss the correlations of SH2D5 with prognosis ...and immune infiltration in LUAD.
We downloaded transcriptome and clinical data of LUAD patients from TCGA, GEO, and CCLE databases. Sangerbox, R language, GEPIA, UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter were adopted to analyze the SH2D5 expression patterns, prognosis, and clinical features. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between SH2D5 expression and immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes. The miRNA-SH2D5 relations were predicted by miRDB and starbase. Lastly, quantitative PCR, IHC and Western blot were implemented for validation.
A prominent up-regulation of SH2D5 was noted in the LUAD group relative to the normal group, which was validated by quantitative PCR, IHC and Western blot. SH2D5 expression was inversely related to overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients as well as B cell immune infiltration. Additionally, SH2D5 expression was negatively correlated with dendritic cells resting (
< 0.001), plasma cells (
< 0.001), mast cells resting (
= 0.031) and T cells CD4 memory resting (
= 0.036) in LUAD patients with abundant SH2D5 expression correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, enrichment analysis suggested that SH2D5 was associated with lung cancer and immunity. Lastly, we investigated the relationship between the expression of SH2D5 and the use of antitumor drugs.
High SH2D5 expression shares an association with unfavorable prognosis in LUAD, and SH2D5 may also provide new ideas for immunotherapy as a potential therapeutic target.
In this article, we consider a four-dimensional singular differential system that can describe the dynamics of configurations bearing a small number of vortices in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. ...On the basis of the topological degree theory and some analysis methods, we prove that such a system has two distinct families of periodic solutions and two distinct families of quasi-periodic solutions. Some results in the literature are generalized and improved.
Cobalt oxide (Co
3
O
4
) was homogeneously coated on multiwalled carbon nanotube through a simple chemical deposition method and employed in supercapacitor electrodes. SEM image indicated the uniform ...distribution of Co
3
O
4
nanoparticles on the surface of the multiwalled carbon nanotube. A maximum specific capacitance of 273 Fg
−1
was obtained at the charge–discharge current density of 0.5 Ag
−1
. After 500 cycles of continuous charge–discharge process, about 88% of the initial capacity could be retained.
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