Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction and inflammation. Patients often have dry mouth and dry eye symptoms, which seriously ...affect their lives. Improving dry mouth and eye symptoms has become a common demand from patients. For this reason, researchers have conducted many studies on external secretory glands. In this paper, we summarize recent studies on the salivary glands of pSS patients from the perspective of the immune microenvironment. These studies showed that hypoxia, senescence, and chronic inflammation are the essential characteristics of the salivary gland immune microenvironment. In the SG of pSS, genes related to lymphocyte chemotaxis, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation are upregulated. Interferon (IFN)-related genes, DNA methylation, sRNA downregulation, and mitochondrial-related differentially expressed genes are also involved in forming the immune microenvironment of pSS, while multiple signaling pathways are involved in regulation. We further elucidated the regulation of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in pSS and relevant, targeted treatments.
The three methods, agent-based model (ABM), product life cycle management (PLM), and discrete firefly optimization algorithm (DFOA), used herein rely on local infrastructure functions after reviewing ...the local and global functions. Then, a resolution of the multi-layered neural network is proposed. A resolution has been saved at all levels of the structure. A global approximation function that keeps learning samples stored is employed. The local map is converted using a set having a respective free rotation. Then, the translation is reflected by a global map of each local map using the affine transformation. The differences of the conversion that the optimal global map uses by minimizing the common sensor nodes are shared by the discovery of different local maps. The optimal conversion is found by running a discrete firefly optimization algorithm (DFOA). Thus, local map registration can resolve the merged map-based approach for each of several pairs and can achieve better performance. Therefore, it provides a systematic approach to building a global map from a local map. A computer simulation was conducted to verify the performance and efficiency of the algorithm.
Background
The control of vaccine hesitancy and the promotion of vaccination are key protective measures against COVID-19.
Objective
This study assesses the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the ...vaccination rate and examines the association between factors of the health belief model (HBM) and vaccination.
Methods
A convenience sample of 2531 valid participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China were enrolled in this online survey study from January 1 to 24, 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associations of the vaccination rate and HBM factors with the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy after other covariates were controlled.
Results
The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 44.3% (95% CI 42.3%-46.2%), and the vaccination rate was 10.4% (9.2%-11.6%). The factors that directly promoted vaccination behavior were a lack of vaccine hesitancy (odds ratio OR 7.75, 95% CI 5.03-11.93), agreement with recommendations from friends or family for vaccination (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.75-5.52), and absence of perceived barriers to COVID-19 vaccination (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75). The factors that were directly associated with a higher vaccine hesitancy rate were a high level of perceived barriers (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.36-1.95) and perceived benefits (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.79). A mediating effect of self-efficacy, influenced by perceived barriers (standardized structure coefficient SSC=−0.71, P<.001), perceived benefits (SSC=0.58, P<.001), agreement with recommendations from authorities (SSC=0.27, P<.001), and agreement with recommendations from friends or family (SSC=0.31, P<.001), was negatively associated with vaccination (SSC=−0.45, P<.001) via vaccine hesitancy (SSC=−0.32, P<.001).
Conclusions
It may be possible to increase the vaccination rate by reducing vaccine hesitancy and perceived barriers to vaccination and by encouraging volunteers to advocate for vaccination to their friends and family members. It is also important to reduce vaccine hesitancy by enhancing self-efficacy for vaccination, due to its crucial mediating function.
Abstract
Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS
2
) is an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor holding potential for flexible integrated circuits (ICs). The most important demands for the ...application of such ML-MoS
2
ICs are low power consumption and high performance. However, these are currently challenging to satisfy due to limitations in the material quality and device fabrication technology. In this work, we develop an ultra-thin high-κ dielectric/metal gate fabrication technique for the realization of thin film transistors based on high-quality wafer scale ML-MoS
2
on both rigid and flexible substrates. The rigid devices can be operated in the deep-subthreshold regime with low power consumption and show negligible hysteresis, sharp subthreshold slope, high current density, and ultra-low leakage currents. Moreover, we realize fully functional large-scale flexible ICs operating at voltages below 1 V. Our process could represent a key step towards using energy-efficient flexible ML-MoS
2
ICs in portable, wearable, and implantable electronics.
Background
The incidence and mortality rates of stroke are escalating due to the growing aging population, which presents a significant hazard to human health. In the realm of stroke, brain-computer ...interface (BCI) technology has gained considerable attention as a means to enhance treatment efficacy and improve quality of life. Consequently, a bibliometric visualization analysis was performed to investigate the research hotspots and trends of BCI technology in stroke, with the objective of furnishing reference and guidance for future research.
Methods
This study utilized the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database as the data source, selecting relevant literature published between 2013 and 2022 as research sample. Through the application of VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R2 visualization analysis software, as well as the bibliometric online analysis platform, the scientific knowledge maps were constructed and subjected to visualization display, and statistical analysis.
Results
This study encompasses a total of 693 relevant literature, which were published by 2,556 scholars from 975 institutions across 53 countries/regions and have been collected by 185 journals. In the past decade, BCI technology in stroke research has exhibited an upward trend in both annual publications and citations. China and the United States are high productivity countries, while the University of Tubingen stands out as the most contributing institution. Birbaumer N and Pfurtscheller G are the authors with the highest publication and citation frequency in this field, respectively.
Frontiers in Neuroscience
has published the most literature, while
Journal of Neural Engineering
has the highest citation frequency. The research hotspots in this field cover keywords such as stroke, BCI, rehabilitation, motor imagery (MI), motor recovery, electroencephalogram (EEG), neurorehabilitation, neural plasticity, task analysis, functional electrical stimulation (FES), motor impairment, feature extraction, and induced movement therapy, which to a certain extent reflect the development trend and frontier research direction of this field.
Conclusion
This study comprehensively and visually presents the extensive and in-depth literature resources of BCI technology in stroke research in the form of knowledge maps, which facilitates scholars to gain a more convenient understanding of the development and prospects in this field, thereby promoting further research work.
Liquid drops sliding on tilted surfaces is an everyday phenomenon and is important for many industrial applications. Still, it is impossible to predict the drop's sliding velocity. To make a step ...forward in quantitative understanding, we measured the velocity Formula: see text, contact width Formula: see text, contact length Formula: see text, advancing Formula: see text, and receding contact angle Formula: see text of liquid drops sliding down inclined flat surfaces made of different materials. We find the friction force acting on sliding drops of polar and non-polar liquids with viscosities (Formula: see text) ranging from 10
to 1 Formula: see text can empirically be described by Formula: see text for a velocity range up to 0.7 ms
. The dimensionless friction coefficient Formula: see text defined here varies from 20 to 200. It is a material parameter, specific for a liquid/surface combination. While static wetting is fully described by Formula: see text and Formula: see text, for dynamic wetting the friction coefficient is additionally necessary.
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•W-Sn-polymetallic deposits are closely related to Yanshanian grantoids, well developed in uplift area in Jurassic (W) and depression area in Cretaceous (Sn).•The concept of ...“metallogenic specialization” and “prospecting specialization” guides the prediction and prospecting.•The “Five Levels + Basement” model facilitates the prospecting of deep-seated bedded and bed-like orebodies.
The Nanling region gains its reputation for abundant mineral resources, especially W, Sn, Sb, Bi, Pb, Zn, Li, Be, Ta, Nb and ion-adsorption REE within weathering crust as well as uranium. These dominant mineral resources are mainly formed in the Yanshanian period with intimate genetic relationship to Yanshanian granitoids. Spatially, tungsten and tin deposits separately occurred in the eastern and western parts of Nanling region respectively. The complicated genetic relationships between tungsten-tin polymetallic deposits and Nanling granitoids demonstrate a regularity for mineralization (we named this “metallogenic specialization”), reflected in the aspects of specialized metallogenic compositions, age, spatiality, alteration and its geological background. The metallogenic specialization (regional metallogeny) is important to discover mineralization lay the foundation. A new exploration model (named “Five Levels + Basement”) was proposed in this paper. Now, it became a prospecting guidance in Nanling region. Recently, the ongoing prospecting of large tungsten deposits in Nanling and its adjacent region using this model indicates a northward expanding for tungsten deposits in the south part of study area and westward expanding for that in the eastern part. In practice, the model also can be used in deep prospecting (e.g., deep-seated bedded or bed-like orebodies) as well as, not limited to tungsten deposits, other mineral deposits.
Ferroelectric vortices formed through complex lattice-charge interactions have great potential in applications for future nanoelectronics such as memories. For practical applications, it is crucial ...to manipulate these topological states under external stimuli. Here, we apply mechanical loads to locally manipulate the vortices in a PbTiO
/SrTiO
superlattice via atomically resolved in-situ scanning transmission electron microscopy. The vortices undergo a transition to the a-domain with in-plane polarization under external compressive stress and spontaneously recover after removal of the stress. We reveal the detailed transition process at the atomic scale and reproduce this numerically using phase-field simulations. These findings provide new pathways to control the exotic topological ferroelectric structures for future nanoelectronics and also valuable insights into understanding of lattice-charge interactions at nanoscale.
In 2D semiconductors, doping offers an effective approach to modulate their optical and electronic properties. Here, an in situ doping of oxygen atoms in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is ...reported during the chemical vapor deposition process. Oxygen concentrations up to 20–25% can be reliable achieved in these doped monolayers, MoS2‐xOx. These oxygen dopants are in a form of substitution of sulfur atoms in the MoS2 lattice and can reduce the bandgap of intrinsic MoS2 without introducing in‐gap states as confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Field effect transistors made of monolayer MoS2‐xOx show enhanced electrical performances, such as high field‐effect mobility (≈100 cm2 V−1 s−1) and inverter gain, ultrahigh devices’ on/off ratio (>109) and small subthreshold swing value (≈80 mV dec−1). This in situ oxygen doping technique holds great promise on developing advanced electronics based on 2D semiconductors.
In situ oxygen substitutional doping in MoS2 monolayers is achieved by a one‐step chemical vapor deposition process and lateral heterostructures with controlled doping concentrations are reliably fabricated. The bandgap tuniability (from 2.25 to 1.75 eV) and n‐doping electronic properties are relized. This nondestructive oxygen doping technique holds great promise on future electronics based on 2D semiconductors.
Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses which causes many yield losses every year. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in international drought ...research. First, the main types of drought stress and the commonly used drought stress methods in the current experiment were introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated. Second, the response of plants to drought stress was reviewed from the aspects of morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular progression. Then, the potential methods to improve drought resistance and recent emerging technologies were introduced. Finally, the current research dilemma and future development direction were summarized. In summary, this review provides insights into drought stress research from different perspectives and provides a theoretical reference for scholars engaged in and about to engage in drought research.
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