A numerical investigation was conducted to explore the heat transfer and flow characteristics of welded plate heat exchanger with chevron sinusoidal corrugated plates and to find the optimal ...parameter design in this paper. For better thermo-hydraulic performance, the effects of chevron angle (β = 30°,45°,60°), the height of the corrugations (H = 3,5,7,9) and the pitch of corrugations (P = 15,20,30,45,60) were studied with inlet velocity ranged from 0.1 m/s to 0.5 m/s. Moreover, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) were employed to obtain optimization solutions of the structural parameters. With the analysis of flow form inside the flow channel, it was proposed that the chevron sinusoidal corrugated plates were helpful to transform the axial velocity of fluid to radial velocity, forming turbulence and secondary flow in the narrow region. The numerical results showed that the comprehensive performance of the plate with β = 45° was better than the other two, while P = 30 mm and H = 9 mm also performed well in this paper. Besides, an optimal parameters set was obtained with P = 15.132 mm, H = 3.005 mm, β = 45.495° when the velocity of inlet was set as 0.1 m/s, the maximum JF could reach 0.034 as the results of multi-objective optimization.
•Three geometric parameters of chevron sinusoidal corrugated plates were employed in different cases and the influence of these parameters on thermo-hydraulic performance were studied.•Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) were employed to obtain optimization solutions of the structural parameters.•The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to optimal compromise solution.
Glabridin (Glab) is a bioactive component of licorice that can ameliorate diabetes, but its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has seldom been reported. Herein, we explored the effect and underlying ...mechanism of Glab on DN.
The bioactive component-target network of licorice against DN was by a network pharmacology approach. The protective effect of Glab on the kidney was investigated by a high-fat diet with streptozotocin induced-diabetic rat model. High glucose-induced NRK-52E cells were used for in vitro studies. The effects of Glab on ferroptosis and VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways in DN were investigated in vivo and in vitro using qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC experiments.
Bioinformatics analysis constructed a network comprising of 10 bioactive components of licorice and 40 targets for DN. 13 matching targets of Glab were mainly involved in the VEGF signaling pathway. Glab treatment ameliorated general states and reduced FBG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-insulin index of diabetic rats. The renal pathological changes and the impaired renal function (the increased levels of Scr, BUN, UREA, KIM-1, NGAL, and TIMP-1) were also improved by Glab. Moreover, Glab repressed ferroptosis by increasing SOD and GSH activity, and GPX4, SLC7A11, and SLC3A2 expression, and decreasing MDA and iron concentrations, and TFR1 expression, in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Glab significantly suppressed VEGF, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 expression in both diabetic rats and HG-induced NRK-52E cells.
This study revealed protective effects of Glab on the kidney of diabetic rats, which might exert by suppressing ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathway.
The microbiome plays a fundamental role in how the immune system develops and how inflammatory responses are shaped and regulated. The "gut-lung axis" is a relatively new term that highlights a ...crucial biological crosstalk between the intestinal microbiome and lung. A growing body of literature suggests that dysbiosis, perturbation of the gut microbiome, is a driving force behind the development, and severity of allergic asthma. Animal models have given researchers new insights into how gut microbe-derived components and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), influence the development of asthma. While the full understanding of how SCFAs influence allergic airway disease remains obscure, a recurring theme of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in several immune cell compartments is emerging. This review will address our current understanding of how SCFAs, and specifically butyrate, orchestrates cell behavior, and epigenetic changes and will provide a detailed overview of the effects of these modifications on immune cells in the context of allergic airway disease.
The aim of this design was to improve the heat transfer performance significantly due to larger turbulent region and much vortices formed by tube inserted. In this article, the BSL k-ω model was ...chosen as turbulence model to simulate the thermohydraulic performance of the proposed tubes inserted with rectangular winglet vortex generators (RWVGs) when the Re was set as 5000 to 15,000. The reliability of the simulation results was obtained by comparing with the empirical formulas and experimental results. By means of numerical simulation, the influence mechanism of geometric parameters of RWVGs on thermal-hydraulic performance in tubes was analyzed. And the impact of three configurational parameters on the thermal performance was studied, namely the angle α, the height H and the number N of the RWVGs, respectively. The results revealed that the capacity of heat transfer in tubes with RWVG inserts was obviously larger than that in ordinary circular tube. In addition, it could be seen from the results that both Nu and f increased with the increase of H and N. At the same time, the case of α = 135° showed the greatest enhancement of thermal performance than the case of α = 45° and α = 90°.The PEC achieved the highest value of 1.23 when the height H of RWVG was 0.7 mm, the number N was 20, and angle α was 135°.
Mango peel, the main by-product of juice processing, possesses appreciable quantities of bioactive phenolic compounds and is worthy of further utilization. The present work reports for the first time ...the HPLC analysis and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of mango peel phenols (MPPs) and their cytotoxic effect on the A549 lung cancer cell line. These results indicated that mango peel has the total phenolic content of 723.2 ± 0.93 mg·kg
dry mango peel (DMP), which consisted mainly of vanillic aldehyde, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, procyanidin B₂ and oleanolic acid. Antioxidant assays showed that MPPs had strong antioxidant activities, with 92 ± 4.2% of DPPH radical scavenging rate, 79 ± 2.5% of ABTS radical inhibition rate and 4.7 ± 0.5 μM Trolox equivalents per kg
DMP of ferric reducing power. Gallic acid possess a stronger antioxidant capacity than other phenols. In vitro cytotoxic tests suggested that mango peel extract (MPE) had an IC
value of 15 mg·mL
and MPPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on the A549 cell line. Oleanolic acid exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, with an IC
value of 4.7 μM, which was similar with that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil.
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•The gut microbiome profile of a rat model of MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis was analyzed.•Changes in gut microbiota composition were detected by 16S rRNA gene ...sequencing.•Bacterial species richness increased and diversity decreased during gastric carcinogenesis progression.•The most significant changes were occurred at the precancerous lesion of GC stage.•Gut microbiome changes in the rat gastric carcinogenesis model were similar to those in human.
Although many studies have examined changes in gut microbiota composition in gastric carcinogenesis to clarify the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs, it is unclear whether animal models of gastric carcinogenesis adequately reflect the disease in humans.
To address this issue, the present study investigated changes in the gut microbiome profile of a rat model of gastric carcinogenesis established using a combination of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), sodium salicylate, irregular fasting, and ranitidine. The rats were divided into control (Normal), chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC), and gastric cancer (GC) groups according to histopathological features. Gut microbiome in gastric carcinogenesis profiling was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of rat feces samples.
We found that gut bacterial species richness increased whereas species diversity decreased during gastric carcinogenesis, with the most significant changes detected in the PLGC group. Gut microbiota community composition differed across groups, with the greatest similarities observed between CNAG and CAG groups and between PLGC and GC groups. There were significant differences in taxonomic representation at the phylum level: the PLGC group had the highest ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes whereas the GC group had the highest abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
These results indicate that changes in the gut microbiome in a rat model of MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis are similar to those observed in humans, thus providing a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of action of novel monotherapies or drug combinations for the treatment of gastric carcinogenesis.
Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Stimulating ...ferroptosis in cancer cells may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing drugs are attracting more attention for cancer treatment. Here, we showed that erianin, a natural product isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, exerted its anticancer activity by inducing cell death and inhibiting cell migration in lung cancer cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated for the first time that erianin induced ferroptotic cell death in lung cancer cells, which was accompanied by ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and GSH depletion. The ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 and Lip-1 but not Z-VAD-FMK, CQ, or necrostatin-1 rescued erianin-induced cell death, indicating that ferroptosis contributed to erianin-induced cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ca
/CaM signaling was a critical mediator of erianin-induced ferroptosis and that blockade of this signaling significantly rescued cell death induced by erianin treatment by suppressing ferroptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the natural product erianin exerts its anticancer effects by inducing Ca
/CaM-dependent ferroptosis and inhibiting cell migration, and erianin will hopefully serve as a prospective compound for lung cancer treatment.
A mid-level data fusion coupled with multivariate analysis approach is applied to dual-platform mass spectrometry data sets using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Inductively ...Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to determine the correct classification of salmon origin and production methods. Salmon (n = 522) from five different regions and two production methods are used in the study. The method achieves a cross-validation classification accuracy of 100% and all test samples (n = 17) have their origins correctly determined, which is not possible with single-platform methods. Eighteen robust lipid markers and nine elemental markers are found, which provide robust evidence of the provenance of the salmon. Thus, we demonstrate that our mid-level data fusion - multivariate analysis strategy greatly improves the ability to correctly identify the geographical origin and production method of salmon, and this innovative approach can be applied to many other food authenticity applications.
In this article, the BSL k-ω model was chosen as the turbulence model to simulate the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the proposed tubes inserted with internal spiral fins when the Re was ...set as 3000 to 17,000. The numerical results agreed well with the empirical formula. The average deviations of Nu and f between the simulation results and empirical formula results were 5.11% and 8.45%, respectively. By means of numerical simulation, the impact of three configurational parameters on the thermal performance was studied, namely the pitch P, the height H, and the number N of the internal spiral fins. The results showed that the Nu and f of the internal spiral finned tube were 1.77–3.74 and 3.04–10.62 times higher than those of smooth tube, respectively. PEC was also taken into account, ranging from 1.038 to 1.652. When the Re was set as 3000, the PEC achieved the peak value of 1.652 under the height H of the fins at 5 mm, the number N was 8, and the pitch P was 75 mm. However, with the increase of Re, the effect of pressure drop on the comprehensive performance in the tube was stronger than that of thermal enhancement. However, the PEC gradually decreased as the Re increased from 3000 to 17,000. In addition, the velocity and temperature fields were obtained to investigate the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.
Lung cancer has high metastasis and drug resistance. The prognosis of lung cancer patients is poor and the patients' survival chances are easily neglected. Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death ...proposed in 2012, which differs from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death which is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane ruptures. It has broad prospects in the field of tumor disease treatment. At present, multiple studies have shown that biological compounds can induce ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, which exhibits significant anti-cancer effects, and they have the advantages in high safety, minimal side effects, and less possibility to drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the biological compounds used for the treatment of lung cancer by focusing on ferroptosis and its mechanism. In addition, we systematically review the current research status of combining nanotechnology with biological compounds for tumor treatment, shed new light for targeting ferroptosis pathways and applying biological compounds-based therapies.
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