Infectious diseases (such as wound infections) caused by pathogenic microorganisms can lead to serious consequences and even threaten life. The emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria has severely ...prevented the validity of traditional antibiotics. Therefore, developing novel antimicrobial strategies without drug‐resistant holds great promise for maximizing efficacy and minimizing the risk of drug‐resistance of resistant bacterial infections. Herein, near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing A–D–A type conjugated oligomers with a tunable backbone are designed and synthesized for regulating their photothermal conversion. After being assembled into nanoparticles, the conjugated oligomer CP‐F8P nanoparticles (NPs) containing a strong electron‐donating component show the strongest photothermal conversion efficiency of 81.6%. The low concentration of CP‐F8P NPs receive over 99% of antimicrobial efficiency against Ampr E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans upon NIR irradiation, and the phototherapy treatment of CP‐F8P NPs can effectively promote wound healing in diabetic mice with good biocompatibility. This work provides ideas for the design of efficient NIR‐activated antimicrobial reagents against drug‐resistant microbial infections.
Conjugated oligomers with A–D–A structural characteristics are synthesized to regulate the photothermal conversion ability in nanoparticle state to achieve efficient antimicrobial activity with non‐invasiveness, excellent biocompatibility, and high photostability, which receive over 99% of antimicrobial efficiency against Ampr E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans as well as rapid wound healing enhancement in diabetic mice upon NIR irradiation.
Hyperspectral band selection plays an important role in overcoming the curse of dimensionality. Recently, clustering-based band selection methods have shown promise in the selection of informative ...and representative bands from hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, most existing clustering-based band selection methods involve the clustering of original HSIs, limiting their performance because of the high dimensionality of hyperspectral bands. To tackle this problem, a novel hyperspectral band selection method termed joint learning of correlation-constrained fuzzy clustering and discriminative non-negative representation for hyperspectral band selection (CFNR) is presented. In CFNR, graph regularized non-negative matrix factorization (GNMF) and constrained fuzzy C-means (FCM) are integrated into a unified model to perform clustering on the learned feature representation of bands rather than on the original high-dimensional data. Specifically, the proposed CFNR aims to learn the discriminative non-negative representation of each band for clustering by introducing GNMF into the model of the constrained FCM and making full use of the intrinsic manifold structure of HSIs. Moreover, based on the band correlation property of HSIs, a correlation constraint, which enforces the similarity of clustering results between neighboring bands, is imposed on the membership matrix of FCM in the CFNR model to obtain clustering results that meet the needs of band selection. The alternating direction multiplier method is adopted to solve the joint optimization model. Compared with existing methods, CFNR can obtain a more informative and representative band subset, thus can improve the reliability of hyperspectral image classifications. Experimental results on five real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that CFNR can achieve superior performance compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Abstract
The output voltage signals should be measured in real-time, and it is sent to a control system for feedback control and protection in the high-voltage power supply with high-voltage, strong ...magnetic field, or strong power condition. In order to obtain a stable output voltage and a rapid response of the protection in the high-voltage power supply system, the measurement of the voltage signal needs to meet three requirements: response in real-time, accurate, and high isolation. Using the voltage-to-frequency (V/F) converter AD650 to transmit the analog signals as frequency form through the digital optical fiber is the best mode to measuring the signals with high precision, real-time, long-distance, and high isolation. The composition and principle of the real-time voltage measuring device are described in this paper. The design of the hardware and the parameters are analyzed and discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the circuit structure based on the AD650 chip is simple. The optical fiber transmission can achieve high isolation and high accuracy (better than 0.1%). The low response time (under 30us) can meet the requirements of the real-time voltage signal measurement system. The signal will not be affected by the high electromagnetic field in the transmission process. The measurement system has been applied in the high voltage power supply with excellent linearity and high isolation.
The l2-norm minimization is a common means for the 3D inversion of gravity data. The unconstrained l2-norm inversion will produce a smooth solution, which contains redundant structures and artifacts. ...Positivity-constrained l2-norm inversion can eliminate redundant structures and artifacts, resulting in a more reliable solution. However, the positivity constraint restricts the applications of gravity inversion to some extent because the measured gravity data are likely to be caused by both positive and negative sources. To address this issue, we propose a strategy that combines the lp-norm regularization and fine adjustment of the depth weighting function to refine the unconstrained gravity inversion results. Synthetic tests show that the proposed strategy yields an improved smooth solution compared with the unconstrained l2-norm inversion method. The proposed strategy is also applied to the inversion of gravity data collected over a Layikeleke iron–copper skarn deposit, Xinjiang, China.
PKN1 (protein kinase N1), a serine/threonine protein kinase family member, is associated with various cancers. However, the role of PKN1 in gliomas has rarely been studied. We suggest that PKN1 ...expression in glioma specimens is considerably upregulated and positively correlates with the histopathological grading of gliomas. Knocking down PKN1 expression in glioblastoma (GBM) cells inhibits GBM cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promotes apoptosis. In addition, yes-associated protein (YAP) expression, an essential effector of the Hippo pathway contributing to the oncogenic role of gliomagenesis, was also downregulated. In contrast, PKN1 upregulation enhances the malignant characteristics of GBM cells and simultaneously upregulates YAP expression. Therefore, PKN1 is a promising therapeutic target for gliomas. Raloxifene (Ralo), a commonly used selective oestrogen-receptor modulator to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, was predicted to target PKN1 according to the bioinformatics team from the School of Mathematics, Tianjin Nankai University. We showed that Ralo effectively targets PKN1, inhibits GBM cells proliferation and migration and sensitizes GBM cells to the major chemotherapeutic drug, Temozolomide. Ralo also reverses the effect of PKN1 on YAP activation. Thus, we confirm that PKN1 contributes to the pathogenesis of gliomas and may be a potential target for Ralo adjuvant glioma therapy.
Coffee is the third-largest beverage with wide-scale production. It is consumed by a large number of people worldwide. However, acrylamide (AA) is produced during coffee processing, which seriously ...affects its quality and safety. Coffee beans are rich in asparagine and carbohydrates, which are precursors of the Maillard reaction and AA. AA produced during coffee processing increases the risk of damage to the nervous system, immune system, and genetic makeup of humans. Here, we briefly introduce the formation and harmful effects of AA during coffee processing, with a focus on the research progress of technologies to control or reduce AA generation at different processing stages. Our study aims to provide different strategies for inhibiting AA formation during coffee processing and investigate related inhibition mechanisms.
An enzyme-free amperometric method was established for glucose detection using a nanoporous gold film (NPGF) electrode prepared by a rapid one-step anodic potential step method within 5
min. The ...prepared NPGF had an extremely high roughness and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical responses of the as-prepared NPGF to glucose in 0.1
M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) with or without Cl
− were discussed. In amperometric studies carried out at −0.15
V in the absence of Cl
−, the NPGF electrode exhibited a high sensitivity of 232
μA
mM
−1
cm
−2 and gave a linear range from 1
mM up to 14
mM with a detection limit of 53.2
μM (with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). In addition, the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) can be completely eliminated at such a low applied potential. On the other hand, the quantification of glucose in 0.1
M PBS (pH 7.4) containing 0.1
M NaCl offered an extended linear range from 10
μM to 11
mM with a sensitivity of 66.0
μA
mM
−1
cm
−2 and a low detection limit of 8.7
μM (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) at a detection potential of 0.2
V.
In this research, the nonlinear dynamic degradation characteristics of fiber-reinforced composite plates in thermal environment are investigated through a novel dynamic degradation model, which is ...established by introducing the thermal and time fitting coefficients simultaneously to express dynamic elastic moduli of such composite materials. Based on the classical laminated plate theory, the improved exponential function method, the complex modulus approach and the Ritz method, the dynamic equations are derived to solve the dynamic parameters. Besides, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to iteratively calculate dynamic elastic moduli, and the nonlinear least squares technique in MATLAB software is utilized to draw the three-dimensional fitted surfaces of dynamic elastic moduli, degradation time and temperature data, so that the concerned fitting coefficients in the model developed can be identified. In order to validate the dynamic degradation model, experimental measurements of E120 carbon fiber/ FRD-YG-03 resin composite thin plates are undertaken. The first three natural frequencies, resonant responses and modal damping ratios obtained from the model are compared with experimental results at different degradation time and stabilized thermal environment, which are shown to be in good agreement. Also, the specific influences with and without consideration of the degradation behavior on the dynamic characteristics are investigated and evaluated.
Roles of Exosomes in Ocular Diseases Liu, Jia; Jiang, Feng; Jiang, Yu ...
International journal of nanomedicine,
01/2020, Letnik:
15
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles with a diameter of 30 to 150 nm, are composed of a lipid bilayer, protein, and genetic material. Exosomes are secreted by virtually all types of cells in the human body. ...They have key functions in cell-to-cell communication, immune regulation, inflammatory response, and neovascularization. Mounting evidence indicates that exosomes play an important role in various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and brain diseases; however, the role that exosomes play in eye diseases has not yet been rigorously studied. This review covers current exosome research as it relates to ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis, glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathies, corneal diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, and uveal melanoma. In addition, we discuss recent advances in the biological functions of exosomes, focusing on the toxicity of exosomes and the use of exosomes as biomarkers and drug delivery vesicles. Finally, we summarize the primary considerations and challenges to be taken into account for the effective applications of exosomes.
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer and it is nearly impossible to remove the entire tumor with surgery or a single drug. EGFRvIII is the most frequent genetic change associated with ...glioblastoma, so EGFRvIII-based targeting therapies provide promise for treating glioblastoma. Herein, poly2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV) was used as the core to prepare a conjugated polymer nanoparticle (PPVN) modified with anti-EGFRvIII (PPVN-A) that exhibited high ROS generation ability under white light irradiation. PPVN-A could target EGFRvIII-overexpressed tumor cells and damaged more than 90% of tumor cells with the light illumination while PPVN without modification exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity toward these cells under the same condition. Thus, the photodynamic treatment of glioblastoma cells using PPVN-A could be achieved, indicating the potential of anti-EGFRvIII-modified nanoparticles as a therapeutic material for treating glioblastoma in clinic.
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