To overcome the technical bottleneck of fine amyloid lysozyme fibrils in environmental engineering, a novel co-operative strategy was identified to fabricate free-standing lysozyme complex nanofibers ...based membrane-type adsorbent (Lys-CNFs membrane) through a combination of vacuum filtration for lead remediation. The composition of the membrane integrated the linear amyloid protofilaments that were obtained by acid-heating fibrillation and polydopamine that adjusted the fibers’ diameters and surface chemistry. As expected, the Lys-CNFs membrane not only showed nanofibrous morphology and layer stacking architecture but presented a hierarchical macro-mesoporous structure along with a high surface area of 220.4 m2/g. Besides, the thermal stability up to 200 ℃ and wetting nature of below 2 s endowed its further applicability. Adsorption experiments showed that Lys-CNFs membrane can effectively uptake Pb(II) ions with acceptable selectivity, high adsorption capacity of 270.3 mg/g, rapid equilibrium kinetic within only 10 mins, and good reusability that dropped by 14.9% efficiency even after five cycles, indicating that Lys-CNFs membrane can be as an affordable technology for alleviating the lead pollution issues.
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•A co-operative strategy is applied to construct lysozyme nanofiber membrane.•The nanofiber membrane shows layer stacking and hierarchical porous structure.•The membrane also exhibits good thermal stability and wetting characteristic.•It reveals favorable adsorption and acceptable selectivity for lead ions.
Biomass materials are widely sourced and sustainable, and can be used as high-quality candidates for anodes in LIBs and SIBs. In this paper, a hierarchical porous carbon doped with nitrogen atoms and ...phosphorus atoms with interpenetrating channel structure was successfully obtained using agricultural waste wheat straw as a precursor. Due to its larger interlayer spacing, abundant pore structure, and more exposed active sites, it exhibits excellent rate capability in both LIBs and SIBs. For LIBs, the reversible capacity of NPWSC-700 is 1059 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C. It still exhibits unprecedented long-cycle stability at high current densities (680 mA h g−1/1200 cycles/2 C and 438 mA h g−1/2000 cycles/10 C). Meanwhile, for SIBs, the capacity is 350 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C. The specific capacities of NPWSC-700 after 1000 cycles were 182 mA h g−1 and 116 mA h g−1 at 2 C and 10 C, correspondingly. In addition, through kinetic and first-principles calculations, it is demonstrated that N, P co-doping improves Li+ (Na+) diffusion rate and adsorption capacity as well as electrical conductivity, further explaining the electrochemical properties of the material. This paper investigates a sustainable route to heteroatom-doped biomass-derived carbon for energy storage systems.
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•Porous carbon doped with N and P atoms was successfully obtained using wheat straw as a precursor.•When used as anode for LIBs, its reversible capacity is 1059 mA h g‐1 at 0.5 C.•When used as anode for SIBs, its capacity is 350 mA h g‐1 at 0.2 C, and 182 mA h g‐1 at 2 C.•N,P co-doping has improved Li+ and Na+ diffusion rate and adsorption capacity.
This paper presents a novel fault location method for single-phase microgrids. In order to locate a fault, a feature specific to the fault location is found, namely the maximum oscillation magnitude ...of the transient voltage signal induced by the fault. Our theoretical study and extensive simulations demonstrate that there is an approximated linear relationship between the maximum magnitude of the transient signal observed by a sensor, and the distance between the sensor and the fault location. Based on the discovered relationship, microgrid topology and sensor location information, we have designed an algorithm capable of locating the fault in the single-phase microgrids. The proposed fault location method has been implemented and validated through simulations in Electro-Magnetic Transients Program and MATLAB. The average localization error is less than 10% in the evaluation results, which manifests the significance of the novel method, as there is little research done for fault location in single-phase microgrids.
MoS
2
can be used as an excellent electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of MoS
2
is not ideal due to its large volume changes during electrochemical ...processes, leading to its poor cyclic stability. Here, we report a simple and reliable hydrothermal carbonization method to prepare high-performance energy storage materials. Herein, using wheat straw as a carbon source and ammonium iron sulfate hexahydrate (AFSH) as a regulator, porous wheat straw carbon (PWSC) materials were prepared by hydrothermal and high-temperature carbonization treatment. Using the obtained porous carbon as a carbon matrix, a triblock copolymer F127 was selected to control the morphology of MoS
2
, and a porous wheat straw carbon and flower-like MoS
2
composite (PWSC@MoS
2
) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effects of the amount of structural modifier on the overall electrochemical properties of the composites were investigated. It was finally determined that the composite (PWSC@ MoS
2
-2) at the optimal structural modifier ratio of 1:2 showed high lithium storage capacity (1435 mAh g
−1
after 100 cycles at 0.2 C), excellent cycling stability, and superior rate performance. Therefore, this efficient and environmentally friendly method of preparing PWSC@MoS
2
composites from wheat straw can realize the secondary utilization of biomass waste and is a new choice of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
High strength and excellent selectivity are two important aspects of porous cellulose microspheres as adsorbents for protein separation. For this purpose, self-reinforced all-cellulose microspheres ...(SCMs) with high strength were fabricated using natural cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as fillers and then immobilized via 3-aminophenylboronic acids as affinity ligands for selective enrichment of glycoproteins. In particular, the inherent stiffness of entrapped CNFs endowed SCMs with more inflexibility, because the stress can be efficiently transferred from the network of SCMs to the stiff CNFs during the separation process. Besides, SCMs, as an all-cellulose material with homogenous surface chemistry and pore structure characteristics, are more suitable as supports for adsorbents. Finally, the SCMs were immobilized with 3-aminophenylboronic acids (BA/EPI-SCMs) and tested their performance in affinity adsorption of glycoproteins. BA/EPI-SCMs showed fast separation, high adsorption amount, and excellent selectivity toward glycoproteins.
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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves an important function in ...tumor tolerance and escapes from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiome is associated with cancer in a variety of ways, as specific microbial signatures are known to promote cancer development and influence safety, tolerability, and efficacy of therapies. Studies over the past five years have shown that the composition of the intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer immunosurveillance, which contribute to the therapeutic activity of cancer immunotherapies based on targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. In this review, we mainly discuss the impact of TME on cancer and immunotherapy through immune-related mechanisms. We subsequently discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the host immune system and the formation of TME. In addition, this review also summarizes the latest research on the role of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.
An iron-catalyzed decarboxylative C-N coupling of α-amino acids with dioxazolones is described herein to synthesize amide derivatives under visible-light. The desired products can be given in good to ...excellent yields under simple, mild, and oxidant-free conditions. This protocol provides a practical route for the transformation of α-amino acids to the corresponding amides. Computational studies were carried out to shed light on the mechanism of this reaction.
TiO2 hollow spheres with porous crystalline shells are fabricated by hydrothermal treatment, and possess uniform and highly crystallized morphology, exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and ...high photocatalytic activity, display high specific capacity.
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•TiO2 hollow spheres with porous crystalline shells are fabricated by hydrothermal treatment.•The TiO2 hollow spheres possess uniform and highly crystallized morphology as well as large surface area.•The TiO2 hollow sphere material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and high photocatalytic activity.
TiO2 hollow spheres with porous crystalline shells were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared samples possessed uniform and highly crystallized morphology have exhibited excellent electrochemical performance (high specific capacities of 223 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 100 cycles, and 129 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 100 cycles) and high photocatalytic activity, which indicating that TiO2 hollow nanocrystals have promising values in photocatalysis and advanced Li-ion batteries. The improvement of electrochemical performance and excellent photocatalytic activity is attributed to large surface areas, small crystallite size and unique hollow sphere nanostructure. The process in this paper provides a general route to synthesis hollow nanostructures composites. The as-prepared TiO2 hollow sphere nanostructures are also of great interests in catalysis, lithium-ion batteries, separation technology and nanotechnology.
The universal electrode material can be applied to the traditional Li-ion battery of the emerging alkaline ion battery at the same time, providing a new idea for the development of energy storage ...systems (EESs). In this study, a porous graphene-like biomass carbon material anode was prepared by chemical blowing strategy and KOH activation method. As the anode of both Li/Na ion batteries, it has excellent cycle stability and extremely high-rate cycle performance. Under the charge-discharge rate of 0.2c, the reversible capacity of Li-ion battery assembled by anode material was 953.2 mA g−1, and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g−1. Under the condition of 10c, the reversible capacity was 352.6 mA g−1 and 127.6 mA g−1. Its excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to its wide interlayer spacing, rich pore structure and N/O double doping, and its pseudocapacitance mechanism is conducive to the diffusion of alkaline ions. First-principles calculations further show that its doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material. This work has promoted the development of sustainable energy storage materials and provided new ideas for the development of carbon-based anode materials.
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•Under 0.2c, the reversible capacity of Li-ion battery assembled by anode material was 953.2 mA g−1, and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g−1.•Under 10 c, the reversible capacities of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries were 352.6 mA g−1 and 127.6 mA g−1.•First-principles calculations show that the doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material.
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