Tissue bioengineering development is a global concern and different materials are studied and created to be safe, effective and with low cost. Nile Tilapia skin had shown its biological potential as ...covers for the burn wound. This study evaluates the tilapia skin histological, collagen properties and tensiometric resistance, after treatment by different sterilization methods. Tilapia skin samples were submitted to two sterilization processes: (1) chemical, which consisted in two 2% chlorhexidin baths, followed by sequential baths in increasing glycerol concentrations; and (2) radiation, when glycerolized skin samples were submitted to gamma radiation at 25, 30 and 50 kGy. Microscopic analyzes were performed through Haematoxylin–eosin and Picrosirius Red under polarized light. For tensiometric analysis, traction tests were performed. Glycerol treated skin presented a discrete collagen fibers disorganization within the deep dermis, while irradiated skin did not show any additional change. Throughout the steps of chemical sterilization, there was a higher proportion of collagen with red/yellow birefringence (type I) in the skin samples up to the first bath in chlorhexidin, when compared to samples after the first two glycerol baths (
P
< 0.005). However, there was no difference in relation to total collagen between groups. In irradiated skin, there was a larger total collagen preservation when using until 30 kGy (
P
< 0.005). Tensiometric evaluation did not show significant differences in relation to maximum load in the groups studied. We concluded that chemical and radiation (25 and 30 kGy) are efficient methods to sterilize Nile Tilapia skin without altering its microscopic or tensiometric characteristics.
This estudie evaluated the immunostaining of cytokines in oral carcinoma, in tissue of margin of surgical resecate (MSR) and metastatic lymph nodes, as well as their role in patient prognosis.
A ...retrospective study was carried out in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas, and sociodemographic and clinical-pathological data were evaluated. In addition, surgical site analysis of the patients was conducted by immunohistochemistry, using a tissue microarray for inflammatory (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-1beta, Interleukin-6, interleukin-10), transcription NF-kappa B and CD68 markers. Immunoexpression was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using ImageJ software, and data were correlated with the prognostic factors and patient survival rates.
There was a greater immunoexpression of inflammatory and CD68 cytokines in primary tumour and lymph node metastasis than in MSR. In a multinomial logistic regression model, patients with low education (p = 0.041) and a high histoscore for TNF-α (p = 0.021) showed a survival rate of 15.64 (95% CI = 1.13-217.24) and 6.81 (95% CI = 1.02-105.96).
Therefore, despite there is an increased immunoexpression of cytokines in the primary tumour, only TNF-α was the inflammatory cytokine that influenced the survival of patients with oral cancer.
Oral melanoacanthoma is a mucocutaneous, pigmented, rare, benign, and probably reactive lesion. This paper reports for the first time in the literature a case of multifocal oral melanoacanthoma in a ...patient diagnosed with Addison's disease and concomitant Graves' disease with hyperthyroidism. The patient presented with oral pigmented lesions, which were hypothesized to be mucosal pigmentation associated with Addison's disease. Due to their unusual clinical pattern, these oral lesions were biopsied and diagnosed as oral melanoacanthoma on histopathology and immunohistochemistry for HMB-45. At the moment of this report, the patient was being treated for her systemic conditions, but the lesions had not regressed. Reactive hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes may be found in Addison's disease and hyperthyroidism. This case reinforces the hypothesis of a reactive nature for oral melanoacanthoma and highlights the need for investigation of endocrine disorders in patients with multifocal oral melanoacanthoma.
This study aimed to compare alveolar healing after tooth extraction in two experimental rat models using continuous or discontinuous dosing of sodium alendronate (ALN).
Forty-eight male Wistar rats ...were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 6/group) and administered ALN (2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mg/kg) by gavage, weekly, either intermittently or following a continuous regimen (2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mg/kg) before tooth extraction. The positive control rats were administered zoledronic acid (ZA; 0.2 mg/kg, intravenous), whereas negative control rats received sterile saline (0.9% NaCl, gavage).
Only the ZA-treated animals showed a larger radiolucent extraction site area compared to the saline group (p = 0.007). Small areas of bone tissue filling the alveoli were visualized in the 7.5 mg/kg continuous ALN group and compared with the saline group (p < 0.001). Increased amounts of empty osteocyte lacunae (p < 0.001) and osteoclasts with signs of apoptosis (p = 0.004) were observed in the continuous ALN groups (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg) compared with the saline group. Increased immunolabeling for TNF-α was observed in the 7.5 mg/kg discontinuous ALN group and all continuous ALN groups compared with the saline group (p < 0.001). The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts was higher in the two continuous ALN groups (5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg) than in the saline group (p < 0.001).
Continuous administration of ALN impaired post-extraction alveolar bone healing in rats; however, discontinuation of ALN administration before tooth extraction allowed for adequate post-dental extraction alveolar healing.
•Uninterrupted alendronate causes deficits in post-exodontia bone healing in rat.•Interrupted alendronate prior to exodontia is related to bone healing in rat.•Zoledronic acid causes bone necrosis when used for the same period as alendronate.
•Infliximab can delay bone healing.•TNF-α is a important key to bone healing.•Less bone deposition is related to TNF blockade.•Infliximab can reduce the expression of bone metabolism markers.
TNF-α, ...which acts directly on osteoclastogenesis, may modify bone turnover. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infliximab on extraction socket healing.
Eighty-four Wistar rats were randomized into two groups (infliximab EV 5 mg / kg or saline EV 1 ml / kg) and submitted to lower first molar extraction protocol. The animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. The jaws were subjected to radiographic, histomorphometric, histochemical (picrosirius red) and immunohistochemical (TNF-α, RANKL and OPG) analysis.
No differences were observed between the groups in surgical difficulty parameters: mass of teeth, number of root fractures and surgical time. Lower area filling with bone as well as increased amounts of remaining cicatricial tissue were observed in the infliximab group at 14 days (p < 0.001). Lower scores for polymorphonuclear neutrophils were seen at 3 (p < 0.01) and 7 days (p < 0.001), lower mononuclear counts at 7 days (p < 0.01) and lower osteoclast counts at 7 and 14 days (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, reduced TNF-α, RANKL and OPG immunoreactivity were observed, especially at 7 days (p < 0.05).
TNF-α inhibitor may alter the bone repair capacity after tooth extraction, especially in the initial repair periods, by lower expression of TNF α, RANKL and OPG. Thus, additional caution may be needed in patients who use this class of medication after dental extraction.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin is a well-known biomaterial used as an occlusive dressing for burn treatment. It is also an inexpensive and important source of collagen. This study aims to ...describe the ultrastructural aspects of Nile tilapia skin, assess its collagen amount and organization, and compare quantitative methods of histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis (in all sterilization steps for use in burn dressings). One sample (0.5 × 0.5 cm) of ten different fish skins was divided in four groups: in natura skin (IN), chemical sterilization (CH), additional irradiation (30 kGy) (IR), and skins used in burn treatment (BT) to compare histochemical and immunohistochemical findings of collagen amount and describe ultrastructural aspects through scanning electron microscopy. The amount of type I collagen decreased during sterilization and clinical use owing to gradual reduction of immunostaining (anti-collagen-I) and decreasing fiber thickness of the collagen, when compared to type III (Picrosirius-red-polarized light). The collagen fibers were rearranged at each sterilization step, with a low collagen percentage and large structural disorganization in BT. The amount of type-I collagen was further reduced after BT (p < 0.05). Both the methods did not exhibit a quantified value difference (p = 0.247), and a positive correlation (r = 0.927; 95 % CI = 0.720–0.983) was observed between them, with concordance for collagen quantification in similar samples, presenting a low systematic error rate (Dalberg coefficient: 6.70). A significant amount of type-I collagen is still observed despite sterilization, although clinical application further reduces type I collagen. Its quantification can be performed both by immunohistochemistry and/or Picrosirius Red reliably.
MULTIPLE CALCIFIED HAMARTOMATOUS PHLEBOLITHS IN BUCCAL MUCOSA FREITAS, Amanda de Oliveira; MOTA, Mario Rogério Lima; SOUSA, Fabrício Bitu ...
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology,
July 2023, 2023-07-00, Letnik:
136, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The presence of asymptomatic irregular radiopacities in soft tissues in the maxillofacial region produced by calcified thrombi characterizes phleboliths. These vary from 1 to 5 mm in diameter, and ...there is no specific localization or gender preference. A 24-year-old woman with no pertinent past medical history presented nodules of various sizes and non-pulsative consistency upon bimanual palpation of posterior region of the left buccal mucosa. These were not related to paresthesia or dysphasia but were painful. Laboratory blood tests were within normal ranges. Upon computed tomography, numerous calcifications of unequal size were suspected to be venous stones. Invasive treatment was performed with surgical removal through excisional biopsy. Histopathologically, the lesion revealed concentric deposition of calcified lamellae with central foci of calcified amorphous amphophilic material. A peripheral zone lined by smooth muscle tissue compatible with vascular walls was also found. The final diagnosis was multiple calcified hamartomatous phleboliths.
A 66-year-old female patient presented with an oral lesion with a 6-month evolution that she associated with a poorly adapted prosthesis. Medical history revealed systemic arterial hypertension and ...surgical oncological treatment (mastectomy 1½ years ago). Intraoral examination showed the presence of a sessile, fibrous, and erythematous nodule containing an ulcerated area and measuring 5 cm located in inserted gingiva of the lower left alveolar ridge. Superficial erosion represented by a noncorticated radiolucent area was also observed. Histological features of incisional biopsy samples showed malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin composed of cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, presenting pleomorphism, with rare tubular structures and vascular invasion, supported by scarce stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse positivity for GATA3 and estrogen and progesterone receptors and negativity for CK7, CK20, P40, and BREAST-1. Microscopic features were consistent with the diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma. The patient was referred for oncologic treatment.
Introduction
Bisphosphonate (BF) therapy is strongly related to the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). However, no previous study has evaluated if there are sex-related ...differences on the ONJ establishment together with bone biomechanical alterations, and if they could have a synergy with the ZA treatment.
Materials and Methods
This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of mineralized tissues in a zoledronate (ZA)-related osteonecrosis mouse model, by a 2 × 2-factorial design, considering sex (female/male) and treatment (ZA/Saline) factors (n = 8/group). After three ZA (1.0 mg/kg) or saline administrations (days 0, 7, 14), the lower left second molar was extracted (day 42). Further ZA administration (day 49) and euthanasia (day 70) were conducted. After confirmation of ZA-induced jaw necrosis (histologic and microtomographic analysis), spectroscopic and mechanical parameters were assessed.
Results
ZA-treated groups presented lower bone density due to impaired healing of tooth extraction socket. Sex-related alterations were also observed, with lower bone density in females. Regarding biomechanical parameters, sex and treatment exerted independent influences. ZA, although decreasing flexural modulus and yield stress, increases stiffness mainly due to a higher bone volume. Females show less resistance to higher loads compared to males (considering dimension-independent parameters). Additionally, ZA increases crystallinity in bone and dental structure (
p
< 0.05). In summary, although strongly related to osteonecrosis occurrence, ZA modifies bone and dental mineral matrix, improving bone mechanical properties.
Conclusion
Despite sex-dependent differences in bone biomechanics and density, osteonecrosis was established with no sex influence. No synergistic association between sex and treatment factors was observed in this study.
Zoledronic acid (ZA) leads to structural and physicochemical changes in mineralized tissues. The aim was to an- alyze physicochemical and morphostructural properties of bone and dental tissue of mice ...submitted to a model of ZA-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (OJ). This is a 2 × 2 factorial design experimental study, considering sex (male/female) and treatment (ZA/Saline). Lower left 2nd molar (day 42) extraction was performed after three ad- ministrations (days 0, 7, 14) of ZA 1.0 mg / kg or saline (n=8/group), with another administration on 49th and eu- thanasia on 70th day. Histological analysis, computerized microtomography, three-point bending test and Raman spectroscopy were performed. ANOVA 2-way/Bonferroni test was applied (p<0.05). Treatment with ZA promoted histological alterations in femoral epiphysis and increased bone necrosis signs (p <0.05) at sites of exodontia. Be- sides, ZA groups presented a lower number and greater separation of bone trabeculae, and smaller ratio bone/tissue volume in alveolar trabecular bone. Females presented a lower value of these parameters. In femoral bone, sex and treatment factors exerted an independent influence in mechanical parameters, on the cross-sectional area, maximum load, moment of inertia and work to fracture (p <0.05), being lower in females and increased in treated animals, which also presented higher flexural stiffness. Yield stress and flexural modulus were higher in females and lower with ZA treatment (p <0.05). Spectroscopic analysis showed increased crystallinity with ZA in cortical and medullar of right and left hemimandible, respectively, as well as femoral cortical. There was an increase of crys- tallinity in dental enamel and dentin with treatment. It is concluded that treatment with ZA, although associated with occurrence of OJ, modifies bone and dental mineral matrix, contributing to tissue biomechanics’ improvement. Females present differences in femoral biomechanical properties and have a lower density of trabecular bone in the post-dental extraction socket, when compared to males.
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