An upper limit to the flux of Ultra High Energy (UHE) γ-rays in the primary cosmic radiation is obtained through the data of the electromagnetic and the muon detectors of the EAS-TOP Extensive Air ...Shower array (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories, atmospheric depth 810g cm
−2). The search is performed by selecting Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with low muon content. For EAS electron sizes
N
e
> 6.3 · 10
5, no showers are observed with the core located inside a fiducial area and no muons recorded in the 140 m
2 muon detector, during a live time of 8440 h. The 90% c.l. upper limit to the relative intensity of γ-ray with respect to cosmic ray (c.r.) primaries is
I
γ
I
c.r.
< 7.3·10
−5
, at primary energy
E
0 ≥ 10
15 eV: this limit is lower than reported in previous measurements.
Estudo mesoscópico da valva mitral e do seu anel fibroso Cavalcanti, Jennecy Sales; Oliveira, Eveline de Lucena; Godoi, Emanuelle Tenório A. M. ...
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia,
10/1997, Letnik:
69, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
OBJETIVO: Estudar o arranjo espacial dos elementos fibrosos que constituem os folhetos da valva mitral e do seu anel fibroso. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 20 corações adultos, de ambos os sexos, fixados ...em formol a 10%. Isolaram-se a valva mitral, juntamente com o anel fibroso, e uma pequena quantidade de tecido muscular ao seu redor. Parte desse material foi incluído em parafina, submetido a cortes seriados de 40µm de espessura e corados pelo tricrômio de Azan e pela resorcina-fucsina, e o restante das peças dissecadas sob lupa estereoscópica, com ajuda de delicadas pinças e agulhas, para se observar a disposição dos feixes miocárdicos ao nível do anel mitral. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o anel fibroso mitral era constituído por feixes colágenos de trajetória semicircular, envolvendo de forma incompleta o óstio atrioventricular, uma vez que era ausente na região ântero-medial do óstio. Verificou-se que os feixes miocárdicos ventriculares inseriam-se de forma oblíqua, na borda externa do anel, sendo que na região ântero-medial assumiam uma trajetória semicircular. Os folhetos da valva mitral eram constituídos de feixes colágenos dispostos, paralelamente, no sentido do maior eixo da válvula, recobertos pelo endocárdio atrial e ventricular. Os feixes colágenos, presentes na base dos folhetos valvares, praticamente se continuavam com os do anel fibroso. Observou-se, em alguns casos, a existência de delgados feixes miocárdios atriais no folheto valvar anterior, que praticamente eram restritos à região central das válvulas. CONCLUSÃO: Os folhetos da valva mitral e seu anel fibroso possuem uma continuidade estrutural, que demonstra que estes elementos funcionam de forma integrada no fechamento do óstio atrioventricular esquerdo durante a sístole ventricular, no que seria auxiliado pela redução do diâmetro do anel fibroso, através da contração dos feixes miocárdicos semicirculares que nele se inserem.
Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) is an important virulence factor associated with the development of mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, a severe form of the disease. LRV-mediated disease exacerbation relies on ...TLR3 activation, but downstream mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we combine human and mouse data to demonstrate that LRV triggers TLR3 and TRIF to induce type I IFN production, which induces autophagy. This process results in ATG5-mediated degradation of NLRP3 and ASC, thereby limiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Consistent with the known restricting role of NLRP3 for Leishmania replication, the signaling pathway triggered by LRV results in increased parasite survival and disease progression. In support of this data, we find that lesions in patients infected with LRV+ Leishmania are associated with reduced inflammasome activation and the development of mucocutaneous disease. Our findings reveal the mechanisms triggered by LRV that contribute to the development of the debilitating mucocutaneous form of Leishmaniasis.
The region of the “knee” of the cosmic ray primary spectrum (10
15 < E
0 < 10
16eV) is studied in the electromagnetic and muon components of Extensive Air Showers by means of the EAS-TOP array. ...Independent and correlated analysis of the two measurements are presented as a function of zenith angle (i.e. atmospheric depth).
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and antifungal effect of
Rosmarinus officinalis
against
Candida albicans
in
Galleria mellonella
model. Five different concentrations ...of
R. officinalis
glycolic extract (50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25 mg/mL) were used to evaluate its biocompatibility in
G. mellonella
model, in which the nystatin suspension (100; 50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25%) was used as a control group. The antifungal action of
R. officinalis
glycolic extract was evaluated on
C. albicans
for 72, 48 and 12 h at two different phases: (1) using the extract as therapeutic agent; and (2) using the extract as prophylactic agent. PBS was used as a negative control group.
G. mellonella
survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test (Mantel–Cox) and the significance level was set at (α ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in which all were biocompatible except of a significant death rate of 26.6% with nystatin 100%. In phase 1, it was found that after 7 days, there was no statistically significant difference among the prophylactic treatment groups. In phase 2, the groups of
R. officinalis
6.25 mg/mL for 72 h and
R. officinalis
of 12.5 mg/mL for 24 h promoted the survival rate of the larvae in comparison with the control group with a significant difference (p = 0.017) and (p = 0.032) respectively. Therefore,
R. officinalis
extract is biocompatible in different concentrations and can be used as a prophylactic agent against fungal infection.
To evaluate the temporal trend of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants who survived to at least 36 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA) and BPD or death at 36 weeks' PMA, and to analyse ...variables associated with both outcomes.
Retrospective cohort with data retrieved from an ongoing national registry.
19 Brazilian university public hospitals.
Infants born between 2010 and 2019 with 23-31 weeks and birth weight 400-1499 g.
Temporal trend was evaluated by Prais-Winsten model and variables associated with BPD in survivors or BPD or death were analysed by logistic regression.
Of the 11 128 included infants, BPD in survivors occurred in 22%, being constant over time (annual per cent change (APC): -0.80%; 95% CI: -2.59%; 1.03%) and BPD or death in 45%, decreasing over time (APC: -1.05%; 95% CI: -1.67%; -0.43%). Being male, small for gestational age, presenting with respiratory distress syndrome, air leaks, needing longer duration of mechanical ventilation, presenting with treated patent ductus arteriosus and late-onset sepsis were associated with an increase in the chance of BPD. For the outcome BPD or death, maternal bleeding, multiple gestation, 5-minute Apgar <7, late-onset sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis and intraventricular haemorrhage were added to the variables reported above as increasing the chance of the outcome.
The frequency of BPD in survivors was constant and BPD or death decreased by 1.05% at each study year. These results show some improvement in perinatal care in Brazilian units which resulted in a reduction of BPD or death, but further improvements are still needed to reduce BPD in survivors.
can cause various types of oral infections, mainly associated with denture stomatitis. Conventional therapy has been linked to high recurrence, toxicity, and fungal resistance, necessitating the ...search for new drugs and delivery systems. In this study, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and gellan gum (GG) were studied as an antifungal agent and carrier system, respectively. First, we observed that different GG formulations (0.6 to 1.0% wt/vol) were able to incorporate and release CAPE, reaching a controlled and prolonged release over 180 min at 1.0% of GG. CAPE-GG formulations exhibited antifungal activity at CAPE concentrations ranging from 128 to >512 µg/mL. Furthermore, CAPE-GG formulations significantly decreased the fungal viability of
biofilms at short times (12 h), mainly at 1.0% of GG (
< 0.001).
protease activity was also reduced after 12 h of treatment with CAPE-GG formulations (
< 0.001). Importantly, CAPE was not cytotoxic to human keratinocytes, and CAPE-GG formulations at 1.0% decreased the fungal burden (
= 0.0087) and suppressed inflammation in a rat model of denture stomatitis. Altogether, these results indicate that GG is a promising delivery system for CAPE, showing effective activity against
and potential to be used in the treatment of denture stomatitis.
Conditions related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Longer survival in this population ...were reported to increase the risk of developing noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to estimate the survival and causes of death according to age group and sex among PLHIV monitored at two referral centers in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a prospective, retrospective cohort with death records from 2007 to 2018, based on a database that registers causes of death using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10), which were subsequently coded following the Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe). A total of 2,359 PLHIV participated in the study, with 63.2% being men, with a follow-up period of 13.9 years. Annual mortality rate was 1.46 deaths per 100 PLHIV (95% CI: 1.33 - 1.60) with a frequency of 20.9%. Risk of death for men increased by 49% when compared to women, and the risk of death in PLHIV increased by 51% among those aged 50 years and over at the time of diagnosis. It was observed that 73.5% accounted for AIDS-related deaths, 6.9% for non-AIDS defining cancer, 6.3% for external causes, and 3.2% for cardiovascular diseases. Among the youngest, 97.2% presented an AIDS-related cause of death. Highest frequency of deaths from neoplasms was among women and from external causes among men. There is a need for health services to implement strategies ensuring greater adherence to treatment, especially among men and young people. Moreover, screening for chronic diseases and cancer is essential, including the establishment of easily accessible multidisciplinary care centers that can identify and address habits such as illicit drug use and alcoholism, which are associated with violent deaths.
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