Peer-to-Peer Dining: A Motivation Study Lin, Pearl, M. C.; Ok, Chihyung Michael; Ching Au, Wai
Journal of hospitality & tourism research,
11/2022, Letnik:
46, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study examined tourist motivations to determine whether peer-to-peer dining is a new, pursuable tourism product. A two-stage analysis of semistructured interview data from 28 individuals yielded ...three push dimensions (i.e., seeking variety, gaining authentic experience, and enhancing social circle) and six pull dimensions (i.e., food items, atmosphere, relationship with the host, value, service quality, and type of food), which were linked by word-of-mouth and publicity for peer-to-peer dining. Several motivational differences identified between participation in the sharing economy and in conventional dining have suggested that peer-to-peer dining reflects a novel product in food tourism. Interestingly, findings also suggested that tourists perceive local and overseas peer-to-peer dining services differently. This research contributes to the existing literature on the sharing economy and bears practical implications for food destination development and branding.
Objectives
Supplementation of high protein oral nutrition shakes supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HP-HMB) has been shown to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance ...in older adults, but the roles of HP-HMB supplementation on the intramuscular adiposity remained unknown. This 12-week randomized controlled trial evaluated the changes of muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance and intramuscular adiposity among community-dwelling pre-frail older persons.
Methods
This was an open-label, parallel group, randomized controlled trail that enrolled 70 community-dwelling pre-frail older persons without active or uncontrolled conditions, disability or dementia. The intervention group was provided with two services of HP HMB (Ensure® Plus Advance containing 3g HMB) per day for 12 weeks, and the control group was provided with professional nutritional counselling for sufficient protein intake. All participants received functional assessments, laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dominant leg before and after study. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and the mid-thigh cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle were obtained by MRI, and the IMAT-to-CSA ratio was calculated to evaluate intramuscular adiposity.
Results
Overall, 62 participants (mean age: 71.1±3.8 years, 69.4% female) completed the study (HP-HMB group: 29, control group: 33) and comparisons of baseline characteristics between groups were not statistically different. For the primary outcome, HP-HMB group showed significant improvements in the CSA of mid-thigh muscle (mean increase of CSA: 149.1±272.3 for HMB group vs −22.9±309.1 mm
2
for control group, P=0.045). The improvement of MNA-SF was borderline (0.28±0.75 vs. −0.15±0.94, P=0.064), but serum levels of Vit D were significantly increased in the HMB group (3.83±8.18 vs. −1.30±4.81 ng/mL, P=0.002). Moreover, the body weight and BMI were significantly increased in the HMB group (1.10±1.18 vs. 0.24±1.13 kg, P=0.005; 0.56±0.68 vs. 0.22±0.47 kg/m
2
, P=0.019). In particular, the IMAT-to-CSA ratio was reduced in the HMB group (−0.38±1.21 vs. −0.02±2.56 %, P=0.06). Using the generalized estimating equation, we found that SPPB score in chair rise test was significantly improved (β=0.71, 95% C.I.0.09–1.33, P=0.026).
Conclusions
The 12-week supplementation with high protein oral nutrition shake supplemented with 3g HMB per day significantly increased muscle mass, as well as nutritional status and physical performance, and ameliorated the intramuscular adiposity of pre-frail older persons. Further study is needed to explore the long-term benefits of HP-HMB supplementation on muscle and metabolic health for older adults.
Summary
Situational factors might help explain why most vertebral fractures occur in older people without a previous osteoporosis diagnosis. After adjusting for predisposing risk factors, the ...activity before the fall, type of fall, and falling direction remained as strong determinants of fall-related vertebral fractures in older men and women.
Introduction
A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the effects of situational factors, in addition to predisposing factors, on clinical vertebral fractures in older men and women in Taiwan.
Methods
Cases were community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years who visited emergency departments (EDs) of two university-affiliated hospitals due to a fall and had a primary diagnosis of a vertebral fracture during a 1-year period in 2017. Five control patients per case, matched by the time of falling, gender, and age, who sought care in the same ED due to a fall resulting in a soft tissue injury were selected. A total of 64 men (age range: 65 ~ 99 years) and 194 women (age range: 65 ~ 100 years), diagnosed with a vertebral fracture, participated in the study.
Results
Multivariable logistic models were conducted separately for men and women. Results suggested that the following factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures in men: a low educational level (adjusted odds ratio OR = 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 ~ 3.71), asthma (OR = 2.96; 95% CI, 1.35 ~ 6.92), depression (OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.03 ~ 17.5), toileting (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.04 ~ 4.94), slipping (OR = 5.27; 95% CI, 1.80 ~ 15.4), stepping down (OR = 3.99; 95% CI, 1.40 ~ 11.4), sudden leg weakness (OR = 3.73; 95% CI, 1.13 ~ 12.4), and falling backwards (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 1.83 ~ 7.80); and in women: a fracture history (OR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07 ~ 3.76), osteoporosis (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15 ~ 3.49), getting in/out of the bed/chair (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.07 ~ 3.39), stepping down (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.17 ~ 3.77), and falling backwards (OR = 4.00; 95% CI, 2.39 ~ 6.68) and sideways (OR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.38 ~ 4.96).
Conclusions
The combination of predisposing and situational risk factors may display a more comprehensive risk profile for the occurrence of VFs, and thus, interventions that add both types of risk factors may result in greater risk reduction of VFs, although those specifically targeted at situational risk factors during falls are limited and their effectiveness and efficiency remained to be explored.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) or ChIP followed by genome tiling array analysis (ChIP-chip) have become standard technologies for genome-wide ...identification of DNA-binding protein target sites. A number of algorithms have been developed in parallel that allow identification of binding sites from ChIP-seq or ChIP-chip datasets and subsequent visualization in the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser as custom annotation tracks. However, summarizing these tracks can be a daunting task, particularly if there are a large number of binding sites or the binding sites are distributed widely across the genome.
We have developed ChIPpeakAnno as a Bioconductor package within the statistical programming environment R to facilitate batch annotation of enriched peaks identified from ChIP-seq, ChIP-chip, cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) or any experiments resulting in a large number of enriched genomic regions. The binding sites annotated with ChIPpeakAnno can be viewed easily as a table, a pie chart or plotted in histogram form, i.e., the distribution of distances to the nearest genes for each set of peaks. In addition, we have implemented functionalities for determining the significance of overlap between replicates or binding sites among transcription factors within a complex, and for drawing Venn diagrams to visualize the extent of the overlap between replicates. Furthermore, the package includes functionalities to retrieve sequences flanking putative binding sites for PCR amplification, cloning, or motif discovery, and to identify Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with adjacent genes.
ChIPpeakAnno enables batch annotation of the binding sites identified from ChIP-seq, ChIP-chip, CAGE or any technology that results in a large number of enriched genomic regions within the statistical programming environment R. Allowing users to pass their own annotation data such as a different Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) preparation and a dataset from literature, or existing annotation packages, such as GenomicFeatures and BSgenome, provides flexibility. Tight integration to the biomaRt package enables up-to-date annotation retrieval from the BioMart database.
Criegee intermediates, which are carbonyl oxides produced when ozone reacts with unsaturated hydrocarbons, play an important role in the formation of OH and organic acids in the atmosphere, but they ...have eluded direct detection until recently. Reactions that involve Criegee intermediates are not understood fully because data based on their direct observation are limited. We used transient infrared absorption spectroscopy to probe directly the decay kinetics of formaldehyde oxide (CH2OO) and found that it reacts with itself extremely rapidly. This fast self-reaction is a result of its zwitterionic character. According to our quantum-chemical calculations, a cyclic dimeric intermediate that has the terminal O atom of one CH2OO bonded to the C atom of the other CH2OO is formed with large exothermicity before further decomposition to 2H2CO + O2((1)Δg). We suggest that the inclusion of this previously overlooked rapid reaction in models may affect the interpretation of previous laboratory experiments that involve Criegee intermediates.
CrSiTe3 has attracted recent interest as a candidate single-layer ferromagnetic semiconductor, but relatively little is known about the bulk properties of this material. Here, we report ...single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic properties, thermal conductivity, vibrational, and optical spectroscopies and compare our findings with complementary electronic structure and lattice dynamics principles calculations. The high temperature paramagnetic phase is characterized by strong spin-lattice interactions that give rise to glassy behavior, negative thermal expansion, and an optical response that reveals that CrSiTe3 is an indirect gap semiconductor with indirect and direct band gaps at 0.4 and 1.2 eV, respectively. Measurements of the phonons across the 33 K ferromagnetic transition provide additional evidence for strong coupling between the magnetic and lattice degrees of freedom. The Si-Te stretching and Te displacement modes are sensitive to the magnetic ordering transition, a finding that we discuss in terms of the superexchange mechanism. Spin-lattice coupling constants are also extracted.
Automated cell type identification is a key computational challenge in single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data. To capitalise on the large collection of well‐annotated scRNA‐seq datasets, we ...developed scClassify, a multiscale classification framework based on ensemble learning and cell type hierarchies constructed from single or multiple annotated datasets as references. scClassify enables the estimation of sample size required for accurate classification of cell types in a cell type hierarchy and allows joint classification of cells when multiple references are available. We show that scClassify consistently performs better than other supervised cell type classification methods across 114 pairs of reference and testing data, representing a diverse combination of sizes, technologies and levels of complexity, and further demonstrate the unique components of scClassify through simulations and compendia of experimental datasets. Finally, we demonstrate the scalability of scClassify on large single‐cell atlases and highlight a novel application of identifying subpopulations of cells from the Tabula Muris data that were unidentified in the original publication. Together, scClassify represents state‐of‐the‐art methodology in automated cell type identification from scRNA‐seq data.
Synopsis
scClassify is a multiscale classification framework based on ensemble learning and cell type hierarchies, enabling sample size estimation required for accurate cell type classification and joint classification of cells using multiple references.
scClassify performs multiscale cell type classification based on cell type hierarchies constructed from single or multiple reference datasets.
It implements a post‐hoc clustering procedure for discovering novel cell types from cells that are unassigned due to the absence of their types in the reference data.
It enables the estimation of the number of cells required in a reference dataset to accurately discriminate a given cell type in a cell type hierarchy.
Application to large atlas datasets such as Tabula Muris demonstrates its ability to refine cell types and identify cells from sub‐populations.
scClassify is a multiscale classification framework based on ensemble learning and cell type hierarchies, enabling sample size estimation required for accurate cell type classification and joint classification of cells using multiple references.
This study aimed to investigate differences in the gel matrix of aerobic granular sludge and normal aerobic flocculent sludge. From both types of sludge that fed with the same municipal sewage, the ...functional gel-forming exopolysaccharides, alginate-like exopolysaccharides, were isolated. These two exopolysaccharides were chemically fractionated, and investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. The isolated polymers were made into a gel by calcium addition and the mechanical properties of these reconstituted gels were measured by a low load compression tester. The viscoelastic behavior of the gels was described by a generalized Maxwell model. The alginate-like exopolysaccharides derived from aerobic granules had significantly higher amount of poly(guluronic acid) blocks but lower amount of poly(guluronic acid-manuronic acid) blocks in the chemical structure, while the alginate-like exopolysaccharides derived from aerobic flocculent sludge had equal amount of poly(guluronic acid) blocks and poly(guluronic acid-manuronic acid) blocks. These differences result in a perfect gel-forming capability of alginate-like exopolysaccharides derived from aerobic granules and bestowed this exopolysaccharides gel a stronger mechanical property as compared to alginate-like exopolysaccharides derived from aerobic flocculent sludge. The different chemical and mechanical properties of these two exopolysaccharides contributed to the distinguished characteristics between aerobic granular sludge and aerobic flocculent sludge.
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► Alginate-like EPS exist in both aerobic flocculent and granular sludge. ► Ca-alginate-like EPS gels reflect the morphologies of flocs and granules. ► Chemical structures of alginate-like EPS from flocs and granules are different. ► Alginate-like EPS gel derived from aerobic granules is mechanically stronger.
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