Reaction mechanisms for the interactions between CeO2(111) and (110) surfaces are investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both standard DFT and DFT+U calculations to ...examine the effect of the localization of Ce 4f states on the redox chemistry of H2–CeO2 interactions are described. For mechanistic studies, molecular and dissociative local minima are initially located by placing an H2 molecule at various active sites of the CeO2 surfaces. The binding energies of physisorbed species optimized using the DFT and DFT+U methods are very weak. The dissociative adsorption reactions producing hydroxylated surfaces are all exothermic; exothermicities at the DFT level range from 4.1 kcal mol−1 for the (111) to 26.5 kcal mol−1 for the (110) surface, while those at the DFT+U level are between 65.0 kcal mol−1 for the (111) and 81.8 kcal mol−1 for the (110) surface. Predicted vibrational frequencies of adsorbed OH and H2O species on the surfaces are in line with available experimental and theoretical results. Potential energy profiles are constructed by connecting molecularly adsorbed and dissociatively adsorbed intermediates on each CeO2 surface with tight transition states using the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. It is found that the U correction method plays a significant role in energetics, especially for the intermediates of the exit channels and products that are partially reduced. The surface reduction reaction on CeO2(110) is energetically much more favorable. Accordingly, oxygen vacancies are more easily formed on the (110) surface than on the (111) surface.
Reaction mechanisms for the interactions between CeO2(111) and (110) surfaces and H2 (see picture) are investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT and DFT+U) calculations. It is found that the U correction method plays a significant role in energetics, especially for the partially reduced intermediates and products. The surface reduction reaction on CeO2(110) is energetically much more favorable than on the (111) surface.
In this work, TiN film was deposited onto 316L austenitic stainless steel by a cathodic arc evaporation technique, and then the coated specimens were annealed at the different temperatures. ...Microstructural analysis, nanoindentation tests, and wear tests were performed for understanding the effect of annealing temperature on composition, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of the coatings. The results showed when the TiN film was annealed at 500°C for 2h, a dense Ti–N–O thin film of about 0.5μm was produced in the outer-layer, consisting of Rutile-TiO2 and TiN phases. Such the annealed coating had the most uniform chemical composition as well as the highest H/E value in comparison to other unannealed and annealed coatings. 316L stainless steel with the optimal annealed coating not only reduced the friction coefficient from 0.68 to 0.25, but also remarkably improved the adhesion wear resistance.
•TiN film was coated on 316L stainless steel by cathodic arc evaporation system.•TiN film after annealing could form an outer-layer of Ti–N–O film.•TiN film annealed at 500°C had a well improvement in wear resistance.
As a treatment of rectal cancer, lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) is still a controversial issue. The argument against LLND is that the procedure is complicated, and consequently results in a ...high incidence of postoperative urogenital dysfunction. The surgical modality from fascia to space is adopted by lateral lymph node dissection in "two spaces". This operation has significant advantages of clear location of nerves and blood vessels and simplified surgical procedures, so the surgical procedure can be repeated and modulated. The fascia propria of the rectum, urogenital fascia, vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia constitute the dissection plane for lateral lymph node dissection.Two spaces refer to Latzko's pararectal space and paravesical space. During the establishment of fascia plane, the dissection of external iliac lymph node (No.293), commoniliac lymph node (No.273) and abdominal aortic bifurcation lymph node (No.280) can be performed. While in the "space" dissection, internal iliac lymph n
To develop a method for accurate identification of multiscale carotid plaques in ultrasound images.
We proposed a two-stage carotid plaque detection method based on deep convolutional neural network ...(SM-YOLO).A series of algorithms such as median filtering, histogram equalization, and Gamma transformation were used to preprocess the dataset to improve image quality. In the first stage of the model construction, a candidate plaque set was built based on the YOLOX_l target detection network, using multiscale image training and multiscale image prediction strategies to accommodate carotid artery plaques of different shapes and sizes. In the second stage, the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features were extracted and fused, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used to screen the candidate plaque set to obtain the final detection results. This model was compared quantitatively and visually with several target detection models (YOLOX_l, SSD, EfficientDet, Y
The present study aims to determine if homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and plasma insulin (Ins) are able to predict development of ...new onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) for kidney recipients.
We performed a single-center retrospective study of 123 nondiabetic patients receiving a first renal transplant. The NODAT was diagnosed between 1 month and 1 year post transplant. Both univariate and multivariable analyses, including logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards model, were applied to dissect potential pretransplant risk factors of NODAT.
A total of 26.8% (33/123) of recipients developed NODAT in the first year post transplant. The NODAT patients showed higher HOMA-IR index and increased levels of FPG and Ins than non-NODAT. Interestingly, we consistently revealed that both FPG (logistic: odds ratio OR, 3.17 1.41–6.45; P = .01; Cox: OR, 2.75 1.26–4.56; P = .02) and HOMA-IR index (logistic: OR, 1.73 1.21–2.87; P = .02; Cox: OR, 1.72 1.21–2.46; P = .002) robustly predicted the development of NODAT. However, these analyses showed that neither plasma Ins nor hemoglobin A1c was associated with NODAT.
Our findings suggest that pretransplant HOMA-IR and FPG are independent predictors for the development of NODAT in Chinese nondiabetic patients receiving a first renal transplant.
•Pretransplant homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance predicts the development of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) in Chinese kidney recipients.•Pretransplant fasting plasma glucose also predicts the development of NODAT in Chinese kidney recipients.•Plasma insulin or hemoglobin A1c did not predict the development of NODAT in Chinese kidney recipients.
Translanguaging and trans-semiotizing research has problematized the static view of language and argued that meaning making is a dynamic, material, social, and historical process across multiple ...timescales in complex eco-social systems. The second author proposed the concept of trans-semiotizing as an alternative lens to study language teaching and learning. In this autoethnographic study, the dynamic processes of online language learning and teaching are examined by analysing the semiotic resources, trans-semiotic practices, and the coordination of different semiotic resources. To capture such dynamic processes and the semiotic resources involved, the first author setup multiple cameras and used screen recording to document my teaching. Data include recordings of my computer screens, video recordings of my physical environment, facial expressions, body movements, screen shots of my social media posts, and my teaching notes. We draw on Lemke's dynamic eco-social system concept to discuss how semiotic resources are used in online language teaching and learning across different timescales.
Fibrosis is an integral component of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Fibrocytes are bone ...marrow-derived cells that traffic to injured tissues and contribute to fibrosis; hence their concentration in the peripheral blood has the potential to serve as a biomarker of lung fibrogenesis. We therefore sought to test the hypothesis that the concentration and phenotype of circulating fibrocytes in patients with ARDS predicts clinical outcomes.
For the animal studies, C57Bl/6 mice were infected with experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae in a model of acute lung injury; one-way ANOVA was used to compare multiple groups and two-way ANOVA was used to compare two groups over time. For the human study, 42 subjects with ARDS and 12 subjects with pneumonia (without ARDS) were compared to healthy controls. Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test were used to compare binary outcomes. Survival data was expressed using a Kaplan-Meier curve and compared by log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to predict death.
In mice with acute lung injury caused by Klebsiella pneumonia, there was a time-dependent increase in lung soluble collagen that correlated with sequential expansion of fibrocytes in the bone marrow, blood, and then lung compartments. Correspondingly, when compared via cross-sectional analysis, the initial concentration of blood fibrocytes was elevated in human subjects with ARDS or pneumonia as compared to healthy controls. In addition, fibrocytes from subjects with ARDS displayed an activated phenotype and on serial measurements, exhibited intermittent episodes of markedly elevated concentration over a median of 1 week. A peak concentration of circulating fibrocytes above a threshold of > 4.8 × 10
cells/mL cells correlated with mortality that was independent of age, ratio of arterial oxygen concentration to the fraction of inspired oxygen, and vasopressor requirement.
Circulating fibrocytes increase in a murine model of acute lung injury and elevation in the number of these cells above a certain threshold is correlated with mortality in human ARDS. Therefore, these cells may provide a useful and easily measured biomarker to predict outcomes in these patients.
Aluminum oxynitride (AlO
x
N
y
) films were deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates using a reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system by varying the nitrogen flow rate. ...Experimental results show that the AlO
x
N
y
films deposited on PEN substrate exhibit a pebble-like surface morphology. The deposition rate decreases slightly upon increasing the nitrogen flow rate. The surface roughness of the deposited AlO
x
N
y
films also decreases upon increasing the nitrogen flow rate. The AlO
x
N
y
film deposited at a nitrogen flow rate of 15 sccm exhibited the lowest water vapor transmission rate of 0.02 g/m
2·day. Meanwhile, the passivation of AlO
x
N
y
films can effectively improve the long-term stability of plastic DSSC. Their power conversion efficiency can sustain 50% of the initial values even after 300 h.
BACKGROUND:Although fat grafting has been clinically applied by surgeons in esthetic and reconstructive surgery, it has widely evolved in processes such as harvesting, processing, and placement of ...fat, using the fat-grafting procedure, which dates back over 100 years. Surgeons frequently use fat grafting to recontour, augment, or fill soft-tissue defects, facial wrinkles, or skin problems such as depressions or scars. However, fat grafting has not been thoroughly understood and has not been conclusively standardized to ensure superior clinical results.
METHODS:This study was intended to determine the role of microautologous fat transplantation (MAFT) under evidence-based medicine, particularly in accurate delivery of small fat parcels. The research method involved the conceptualization of MAFT and the development of an innovative surgical instrument for fat placement. Clinically, 168 patients with sunken upper eyelids with multiple folds underwent this procedure.
RESULTS:The major findings suggested that MAFT exhibits promising clinical results and offers a superior guideline for fat placement. Details of the technique and theoretical implications are also discussed.
CONCLUSIONS:The therapeutic effects of MAFT and the long-term clinical results of patients with sunken upper eyelids with multiple folds indicated satisfactory outcomes. Based on the results, MAFT offers an alternative option to surgeons for performing fat grafting and provides a more favorable option for the benefit and welfare of patients by reducing the potential complications.
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