•It is important to research the value of lithium slag in the development of construction materials, at present, there is little research on lithium slag, and most of them are dumped.•The study ...emphasizes the feasibility of using lithium slag to prepare foamed ceramics with good mechanical properties. And the influence of sintering behavior on the properties of lithium-slag ceramics is also being investigated.•The high value-added utilization of industrial waste slag greatly reduces the production costs. Because of its good mechanical properties, it has great potential for application in the field of building insulation.•The obtained results provide a great reference for recycler and researchers of lithium slag.
To research the value of lithium slag in the development of construction materials, foamed ceramics with different lithium slag/kaolin have been prepared using the conventional high-temperature foaming method. In this study, the effects of sintering temperature and formulation on the morphology and mechanical properties of foamed ceramics are investigated by relying on the formula scheme designed by the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary phase diagram. The characterization of the ceramic raw materials and samples by XRF, XRD, SEM, and TGA-DSC reveals that the doping contents of lithium slag have a great influence on the densification of the sample. With the amount of lithium slag increases, the amount of liquid phase in the melt increases, which intensifies the liquid phase flow and accelerates the mass transfer process, promoting the sintering and densification of ceramics. However, too much lithium slag is easy to agglomerate, which is not conducive to the close bonding between the internal components of the ceramic, resulting in a decrease in bulk density. In addition, the doping of spodumene effectively reduces the sintering temperature of the mullite matrix, promotes the formation of mullite crystals, and enhances the mechanical properties of the ceramics. The lithium-slag ceramics sintered at high temperature in this experiment had a maximum compressive strength = 5.70 MPa. average porosity = 73.68%, average apparent density = 0.40 g/cm3 and average water absorption = 2.24%. Overall, the lithium slag foamed ceramics prepared by the high-temperature foaming method have good mechanical properties, which are essential for resource utilization and high value-added utilization of solid waste.
To translate the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment of voice scale（URICA-Voice） into Chinese and test its reliability and validity.
The URICA-Voice scale was converted into Chinese by ...literal translation, cultural adjustment, expert consultation, pre-investigation, and back translation. Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients at four speech therapy centers from February to May 2022. Then the Chinese version of the scale was distributed to them, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested after data collection. Cronbach ɑ was used to evaluate the reliability. The critical ratio method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for item analysis. Item-level content validity, scale-level content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the validity of the scale.
A total of 247 valid questionnaires were collected. ①Item analysis: the critical ratios between a high-score and low-score groups of 32 items were all statistically significant（
<0.01） and all the
The distribution and volume fraction of the dead zones in the shell side of the trefoil-baffle heat exchanger were studied, and a structure optimization was presented to improve flow condition. By ...applying the residence time distribution method, the dead zones were analyzed quantitatively, and it is found that the volume fraction of dead zone is about 28% in the shell side of the trefoil-baffle heat exchanger, which is larger by about 13% than that in the shell side of the segmental baffle heat exchanger. According to the velocity contours in the shell side, the magnitude of the fluid velocity in the main flow region is much larger than that near wall, and the fluid near the shell wall flows in much slower velocity. The dead zones mainly distribute near the walls of shell and baffles. Another study was carried out adopting the unit duct model without concerning the influence of the shell wall, and it is shown that the volume fraction of the dead zone is less than 0.5%. It is concluded that the main dead zone in the shell side is near the wall of the shell. To reduce the main dead zone, an optimized structure of tube layout was presented, and it is found that the volume fraction of dead zone reduced by about 13% at the different flow rates. The methods and conclusions provide a reference for analysis of dead zone and structure improvement of heat exchangers.
•Flow dead zones in TBHE and SBHE were analyzed by adopting the RTD method.•Volume fraction of dead zone in TBHE is about 28% and larger than that in SBHE.•The dead zones in TBHE distribute mainly near the shell wall.•An optimized structure was presented to reduce dead zone by about 13%.•The numerical results were verified by a fluid velocity test using LDV.
Six metal complexes Cu(Htpt)n (1), {Cu(H1.5tpt)Cl0.5(H2O)0.5·1/5H2O}n (2), {Cu(H2tpt)(H2O)·1/2SO4·2H2O}n (3), Cu(Htpt)n (4), {Ni2(Htpt)2(H2O)2·CH3CN}n (5), Ni(H2tpt)2·3H2O (6) based on a multidentate ...4-(2,4,6-tricarboxyphenyl)-2,2′,6,2″-terpyridine ligand (H3tpt) have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method and structurally characterized. 1, 2 and 3 show 1-D chain structures, the chains are further linked via π···π interactions or hydrogen bonds to generate 3-D supramolecular structures. 4 displays a 2-D binodal (3,3)-connected fes net with a Schläfli symbol of (4·82)(4·82), which has been reported. 5 also exhibits a 2-D (3,3)-connected hcb topology with Schläfli symbol of (63·63). 6 is a mononuclear structure. The microbiological properties of 1–6 were studied. 1–6 showed pretty good antibacterial activities towards B. subtilis compared to other bacterial strains. 5 exhibits the smallest MIC value of 1 μg/mL which may be related to the presence of easily-leaving solvent water molecules, thereby exposing more active sites easily.
Six complexes have been synthesized and characterized. 1–3 display 1-D chain structures. 4 and 5 exhibit 2-D frameworks and 6 is a mononuclear structure. The antibacterial activities of 1–6 against four strains bacteria have been examined. The relationship between the structures of complexes and antibacterial activities was studied. Display omitted
•Six complexes have been synthesized and characterized.•1–3 show 1D structures, 4-5 are 2D frameworks and 6 is a mononuclear structure.•The relationship between the structures and antibacterial activities was studied.
In plants, histone modification (HM) genes participate in various developmental and defense processes. Gramineae plants (e.g., Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Setaria italica, ...Setaria viridis, and Zea mays) are important crop species worldwide. However, little information on HM genes is in Gramineae species.
Here, we identified 245 TaHMs, 72 HvHMs, 84 SbHMs, 93 SvHMs, 90 SiHMs, and 90 ZmHMs in the above six Gramineae species, respectively. Detailed information on their chromosome locations, conserved domains, phylogenetic trees, synteny, promoter elements, and gene structures were determined. Among the HMs, most motifs were conserved, but several unique motifs were also identified. Our results also suggested that gene and genome duplications potentially impacted the evolution and expansion of HMs in wheat. The number of orthologous gene pairs between rice (Oryza sativa) and each Gramineae species was much greater than that between Arabidopsis and each Gramineae species, indicating that the dicotyledons shared common ancestors. Moreover, all identified HM gene pairs likely underwent purifying selection based on to their non-synonymous (Ka)/synonymous (Ks) nucleotide substitutions. Using published transcriptome data, changes in TaHM gene expression in developing wheat grains treated with brassinosteroid, brassinazole, or activated charcoal were investigated. In addition, the transcription models of ZmHMs in developing maize seeds and after gibberellin treatment were also identified. We also examined plant stress responses and found that heat, drought, salt, insect feeding, nitrogen, and cadmium stress influenced many TaHMs, and drought altered the expression of several ZmHMs. Thus, these findings indicate their important functions in plant growth and stress adaptations.
Based on a comprehensive analysis of Gramineae HMs, we found that TaHMs play potential roles in grain development, brassinosteroid- and brassinazole-mediated root growth, activated charcoal-mediated root and leaf growth, and biotic and abiotic adaptations. Furthermore, ZmHMs likely participate in seed development, gibberellin-mediated leaf growth, and drought adaptation.
Background
Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the initial treatment strategy for prostate cancer (PCa), recurrent castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually ensues. In this ...study, cancer‐derived immunoglobulin G (CIgG) is found to be induced after ADT, identifying CIgG as a potential CRPC driver gene.
Methods
The expression of CIgG and its clinical significance in PCa tissue was analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas database and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the sequence features of prostate cell line VHDJH rearrangements were analyzed. We also assessed the effect of CIgG on the migratory, invasive and proliferative abilities of PCa cells in vitro and vivo. Suspended microsphere, colony formation and drug‐resistant assays were performed using PC3 cells with high CIgG expression (CIgGhigh) and low CIgG expression (CIgG‐/low), and A nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse tumor xenograft model was developed for the study of the tumorigenic effects of the different cell populations. The SOX2‐CIgG signaling pathway was validated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and bioinformatics analyses. Finally, we investigated the effect of RP215 inhibition on the progression of PCa in vivo using a Babl/c nude mouse xenograft model.
Results
CIgG is frequently expressed in PCa and associated with clinicopathological characteristics, moreover, CIgG transcripts with unique patterns of VHDJH rearrangements are found in PCa cells. Functional analyses identified that CIgG was induced by ADT and upregulated by SOX2 (SRY (sex determining region Y)‐box 2) in PCa, promoting the development of PCa. In addition, our findings underscore a novel role of CIgG signaling in the maintenance of stemness and the progression of cancer through mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase and AKT in PCa. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that depleting CIgG significantly suppressed the growth of PCa cell xenografts. Furthermore, a CIgG monoclonal antibody named RP215 exhibits tumor inhibitory effect as well.
Conclusion
Our data suggests that CIgG could be a driver of PCa development, and that targeting the SOX2‐CIgG axis may therefore inhibit PCa development after ADT.
Six complexes have been synthesized and characterized. 1, 2, 4 and 5 display 3-D frameworks. 3 exhibits a 2-D structure and 6 is a 1-D chain structure. The fluorescence properties of 1–3 and 5 are ...studied. The antibacterial activities of 1–6 against four strains bacteria have been examined.
Display omitted
•Six MOFs have been synthesized and characterized.•The fluorescence properties of 1–3 and 5 are studied.•The antibacterial activities of 1–6 against four strains bacteria have been examined.
Based on an asymmetric 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid (H2ctp), six new MOFs Cd(ctp)(H2O)n (1), Cd2(ctp)2(phen)n (2) phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate, Cd2(ctp)2(pbbbm)(H2O)2n (3) pbbbm = 1,4-bis(benzimidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene), Mn(ctp)(H2O)n (4), {Pb2(ctp)2·H2O}n (5) and Cu(ctp)(H2O)2n (6) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. 1, 4 and 5 display (4,4)-connected 3-D frameworks which all can be simplified into the Schläfli symbol of (42·63·8) with sra topology, while 2 is also a (4,4)-connected 3-D network which has the Schläfli symbol of (42·84) with pts topology. 3 exhibits a 2-D structure with 3,4L83 topology and 6 is a 1-D chain structure. The fluorescent properties of 1–3 and 5 have been studied in the solid state at room temperature. 5 has significantly stronger fluorescence emission than 1–3 due to its crystal structure features. The antibacterial activities of 1–6 against four strains bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli have been examined. The results indicated that 2 has better activity against Bacillus subtilis than 1, 3, 4 and 6 due to the effect of chelation, auxiliary ligands and the Cd(II) ion with the feature of strong toxicity.
To investigate if IgG can be expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) , and the expression of IgG is involved in the cancer progression. If IgG expression can serve as a potential target ...in cancer therapies and be used for judging the prognosis.
By immunohistochemistry, we detected IgG in cRCC tissues(75 cRCC tissues and75 adjacent normal kidney tissues). Immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the IgG in cRCC cell lines (786-0, ACHN and CAKI-I). By RT-PCR, the functional transcript of IgG heavy chain was detected. Knockdown of IgG was to analyze the proliferation, migration and invasion ability by CCK8, Transwell and Matrigel and apoptosis in cRCC cell lines.
By immunohistochemistry, we found strong staining of IgG in 66 cases of 75 cRCC tissues and 63 cases of 75 adjacent normal kidney tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot was found IgG in cRCC cell lines. Knock-down IgG in cRCC cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the induction of apoptosis of the 786-0 cells. The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that high IgG expression significantly correlated with the poor differentiation and advanced stage of cRCC.
IgG was over expressed in cRCC and was involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. IgG expression may serve as a potential target in cancer therapies and could be used for judging the prognosis.
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