Insulator detection is an essential task for the safety and reliable operation of intelligent grids. Owing to insulator images including various background interferences, most traditional ...image-processing methods cannot achieve good performance. Some You Only Look Once (YOLO) networks are employed to meet the requirements of actual applications for insulator detection. To achieve a good trade-off among accuracy, running time, and memory storage, this work proposes the modified YOLO-tiny for insulator (MTI-YOLO) network for insulator detection in complex aerial images. First of all, composite insulator images are collected in common scenes and the “CCIN_detection” (Chinese Composite INsulator) dataset is constructed. Secondly, to improve the detection accuracy of different sizes of insulator, multi-scale feature detection headers, a structure of multi-scale feature fusion, and the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) model are adopted to the MTI-YOLO network. Finally, the proposed MTI-YOLO network and the compared networks are trained and tested on the “CCIN_detection” dataset. The average precision (AP) of our proposed network is 17% and 9% higher than YOLO-tiny and YOLO-v2. Compared with YOLO-tiny and YOLO-v2, the running time of the proposed network is slightly higher. Furthermore, the memory usage of the proposed network is 25.6% and 38.9% lower than YOLO-v2 and YOLO-v3, respectively. Experimental results and analysis validate that the proposed network achieves good performance in both complex backgrounds and bright illumination conditions.
Insulators play a significant role in high-voltage transmission lines, and detecting insulator faults timely and accurately is important for the safe and stable operation of power grids. Since ...insulator faults are extremely small and the backgrounds of aerial images are complex, insulator fault detection is a challenging task for automatically inspecting transmission lines. In this paper, a method based on deep learning is proposed for insulator fault detection in diverse aerial images. Firstly, to provide sufficient insulator fault images for training, a novel insulator fault dataset named “InSF-detection” is constructed. Secondly, an improved YOLOv3 model is proposed to reuse features and prevent feature loss. To improve the accuracy of insulator fault detection, SPP-networks and a multi-scale prediction network are employed for the improved YOLOv3 model. Finally, the improved YOLOv3 model and the compared models are trained and tested on the “InSF-detection”. The average precision (AP) of the improved YOLOv3 model is superior to YOLOv3 and YOLOv3-dense models, and just a little (1.2%) lower than that of CSPD-YOLO model; more importantly, the memory usage of the improved YOLOv3 model is 225 MB, which is the smallest between the four compared models. The experimental results and analysis validate that the improved YOLOv3 model achieves good performance for insulator fault detection in aerial images with diverse backgrounds.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA ...X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) serves as an important regulator of cell growth and development. Despites its original roles in X-chromosome dosage compensation, lncRNA Xist also participates in the development of tumor and other human diseases by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent progress in understanding the cellular functions of lncRNA Xist in mammalian cells and discussed current knowledge regarding the ceRNA network of lncRNA Xist in various diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are more than 200 nt in length and without an apparent protein-coding capacity (
Furlan and Rougeulle, 2016
;
Maduro et al., 2016
). These RNAs are believed to be transcribed by the approximately 98–99% non-coding regions of the human genome (
Derrien et al., 2012
;
Fu, 2014
;
Montalbano et al., 2017
;
Slack and Chinnaiyan, 2019
), as well as a large variety of genomic regions, such as exonic, tronic, and intergenic regions. Hence, lncRNAs are also divided into eight categories: Intergenic lncRNAs, Intronic lncRNAs, Enhancer lncRNAs, Promoter lncRNAs, Natural antisense/sense lncRNAs, Small nucleolar RNA-ended lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs), Bidirectional lncRNAs, and non-poly(A) lncRNAs (
Ma et al., 2013
;
Devaux et al., 2015
;
St Laurent et al., 2015
;
Chen, 2016
;
Quinn and Chang, 2016
;
Richard and Eichhorn, 2018
;
Connerty et al., 2020
). A range of evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function as key regulators in crucial cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, by regulating the expression level of target genes via epigenomic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional approaches (
Cao et al., 2018
). Moreover, lncRNAs detected in body fluids were also believed to serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression, and act as novel and potential drug targets for therapeutic exploitation in human disease (
Jiang W. et al., 2018
;
Zhou et al., 2019a
). Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) are a set of 15,000–20,000 nt sequences localized in the X chromosome inactivation center (XIC) of chromosome Xq13.2 (
Brown et al., 1992
;
Debrand et al., 1998
;
Kay, 1998
;
Lee et al., 2013
;
da Rocha and Heard, 2017
;
Yang Z. et al., 2018
;
Brockdorff, 2019
). Previous studies have indicated that lncRNA Xist regulate X chromosome inactivation (XCI), resulting in the inheritable silencing of one of the X-chromosomes during female cell development. Also, it serves a vital regulatory function in the whole spectrum of human disease (notably cancer) and can be used as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for human disease in the clinic (
Liu et al., 2018b
;
Deng et al., 2019
;
Dinescu et al., 2019
;
Mutzel and Schulz, 2020
;
Patrat et al., 2020
;
Wang et al., 2020a
). In particular, lncRNA Xist have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of multiple types of tumors including brain tumor, Leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, with the prominent examples outlined in
Table 1
. It was also believed that lncRNA Xist (
Chaligne and Heard, 2014
;
Yang Z. et al., 2018
) contributed to other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, neuropathic pain, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and more specific details can be found in
Table 2
. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA Xist on both chromosome dosage compensation and pathogenesis (especially cancer) processes, with a focus on the regulatory network of lncRNA Xist in human disease.
Insulator fault detection is one of the essential tasks for high-voltage transmission lines’ intelligent inspection. In this study, a modified model based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) is proposed for ...detecting insulator faults in aerial images with a complex background. Firstly, aerial images with one fault or multiple faults are collected in diverse scenes, and then a novel dataset is established. Secondly, to increase feature reuse and propagation in the low-resolution feature layers, a Cross Stage Partial Dense YOLO (CSPD-YOLO) model is proposed based on YOLO-v3 and the Cross Stage Partial Network. The feature pyramid network and improved loss function are adopted to the CSPD-YOLO model, improving the accuracy of insulator fault detection. Finally, the proposed CSPD-YOLO model and compared models are trained and tested on the established dataset. The average precision of CSPD-YOLO model is 4.9% and 1.8% higher than that of YOLO-v3 and YOLO-v4, and the running time of CSPD-YOLO (0.011 s) model is slightly longer than that of YOLO-v3 (0.01 s) and YOLO-v4 (0.01 s). Compared with the excellent object detection models YOLO-v3 and YOLO-v4, the experimental results and analysis demonstrate that the proposed CSPD-YOLO model performs better in insulator fault detection from high-voltage transmission lines with a complex background.
While hemangiomas are the most commonly occurring benign vascular tumors, their occurrence in the gastrointestinal system is rare. This case report presents a unique instance of small intestinal ...hemangioma in a pediatric patient.
A 21-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital with a history of "recurrent blood in the stool for one year and anemia for five months." Upon evaluation at our facility, abdominal color ultrasound and enhanced CT scans revealed a protruding mass in the wall of the small intestine, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of small intestinal hemangioma. Subsequent single-site umbilical laparoscopic exploration identified a tumor measuring approximately 6cm×2.5cm×1.2cm on the jejunum wall. Consequently, segmental resection of the intestine was performed, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis confirmed cavernous hemangioma.
Small intestinal hemangiomas, particularly in pediatric patients, are exceptionally rare and challenging to diagnose as the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding prior to surgery. Hence, small intestinal hemangiomas should be considered in such cases. Laparoscopic surgical resection emerges as the optimal approach for addressing small intestinal hemangiomas.
Pinene is a monoterpene, that is used in the manufacture of fragrances, insecticide, fine chemicals, and renewable fuels. Production of pinene by metabolic-engineered microorganisms is a sustainable ...method. Purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria belong to photosynthetic chassis that are widely used to synthesize natural chemicals. To date, researches on the synthesis of pinene by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria has not been reported, leaving the potential of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria synthesizing pinene unexplored.
Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain was applied as a model and engineered to express the fusion protein of heterologous geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) and pinene synthase (PS), hence achieving pinene production. The reaction condition of pinene production was optimized and 97.51 μg/L of pinene was yielded. Then, genes of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase were overexpressed, and the ribosome binding site of GPPS-PS mRNA was optimized, improving pinene titer to 539.84 μg/L.
In this paper, through heterologous expression of GPPS-PS, pinene was successfully produced in R. sphaeroides, and pinene production was greatly improved by optimizing the expression of key enzymes. This is the first report on pinene produce by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria, which expands the availability of photosynthetic chassis for pinene production.
An illustration of how MFM electrospun membranes can enhance the healing of bone defects in infection-affected rats by demonstrating the process of creating the membranes as well as the results of ...the process.
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•A triple-layered membrane with Qk peptide, strontium, and vancomycin for angiogenesis, bone growth, and infection control.•The sustained release of these drugs and their synergistic effect further enhanced the therapeutic impact.•Multi-functional membrane demonstrated an enhanced mechanical property.•In vitro studies confirmed the accelerated bone regeneration.
Advancements in guided bone regeneration (GBR) rely on the development of membranes that can effectively control drug delivery and facilitate bone repair. This study introduces a triple-layered multi-functional membrane (MFM), with each layer serving a specific release profile and function. These layers consist of Qk peptide, strontium (Sr), and vancomycin (Van) for angiogenesis, bone growth, and infection control. The MFM was meticulously designed to ensure sustained drug release kinetics and improved bone regeneration. The membrane morphology was analyzed via SEM, and its mechanical properties were measured via stress–strain curves. In vitro studies confirmed the controlled release of the agents for 21 days. These findings indicate significant enhancements needed for GBR, as supported by in vitro results. The synergy of the membrane's components contributes to a greater therapeutic impact. Furthermore, in vivo results further supported the exceptional performance of MFM in GBR. Within 5 days of implantation, notable improvements in revascularization were observed. After 1 month, micro-CT scans displayed accelerated bone regeneration, while the membrane effectively prevented bacterial growth within 3 days. The MFM/Van-Sr-Qk membrane shows excellent potential for advancing bone regeneration and GBR therapies, warranting further research and development in this promising field.
The pivotal roles of miRNAs in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and prognosis have been demonstrated recently in various cancers. This study intended to investigate the specific roles of hsa-miR-654-5p in ...lung cancer, which is, in general, rarely discussed. A series of closed-loop bioinformatic functional analyses were integrated with in vitro experimental validation to explore the overall biological functions and pan-cancer regulation pattern of miR-654-5p. We found that miR-654-5p abundance was significantly elevated in LUAD tissues and correlated with patients’ survival. A total of 275 potential targets of miR-654-5p were then identified and the miR-654-5p-RNF8 regulation axis was validated in vitro as a proof of concept. Furthermore, we revealed the tumor-suppressing roles of miR-654-5p and demonstrated that miR-654-5p inhibited the lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, cell proliferation, and migration using target-based, abundance-based, and ssGSEA-based bioinformatic methods and in vitro validation. Following the construction of a protein–protein interaction network, 11 highly interconnected hub genes were identified and a five-genes risk scoring model was developed to assess their potential prognostic ability. Our study does not only provide a basic miRNA-mRNA-phenotypes reference map for understanding the function of miR-654-5p in different cancers but also reveals the tumor-suppressing roles and prognostic values of miR-654-5p.
Abstract Photoreceptor proteins utilise chromophores to sense light and trigger a biological response. The discovery that adenosylcobalamin (or coenzyme B 12 ) can act as a light-sensing chromophore ...heralded a new field of B 12 -photobiology. Although microbial genome analysis indicates that photoactive B 12 -binding domains form part of more complex protein architectures, regulating a range of molecular–cellular functions in response to light, experimental evidence is lacking. Here we identify and characterise a sub-family of multi-centre photoreceptors, termed photocobilins, that use B 12 and biliverdin (BV) to sense light across the visible spectrum. Crystal structures reveal close juxtaposition of the B 12 and BV chromophores, an arrangement that facilitates optical coupling. Light-triggered conversion of the B 12 affects quaternary structure, in turn leading to light-activation of associated enzyme domains. The apparent widespread nature of photocobilins implies involvement in light regulation of a wider array of biochemical processes, and thus expands the scope for B 12 photobiology. Their characterisation provides inspiration for the design of broad-spectrum optogenetic tools and next generation bio-photocatalysts.
Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal endocrine dysfunction for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) amongst patients with two versus three or more pregnancy losses.
Methods
This cross-sectional ...study retrospectively collected pre-pregnancy data of 537 women diagnosed with RPL in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from 2017 to 2022, including the baseline data of patients and the test results of endocrine factors. Several endocrine dysfunction included in this study were: thyroid dysfunction, obesity, hyperprolactinemia, polycystic ovary syndrome and blood glucose abnormality. Furthermore, vitamin D level were collected to study its relationship with endocrine dysfunction. Finally, we subdivided the patients according to the number of previous pregnancy loss and compared the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction between subgroups.
Results
Among 537 RPL patients, 278 (51.8%) patients had abnormal endocrine test results. The highest incidence of endocrine dysfunction was thyroid dysfunction (24.39%, 131/537), followed by hyperprolactinemia (17.34%, 85/490), obesity (10.8%, 58/537), polycystic ovary syndrome (10.50%, 56/533), and abnormal blood glucose (5.29%, 27/510). Only 2.47%(13/527) of patients have vitamin D level that reach the standard. After subdividing the population according to the number of pregnancy loss, we did not find that the incidence of endocrine dysfunction (P=0.813), thyroid dysfunction (P=0.905), hyperprolactinemia (P=0.265), polycystic ovary syndrome (P=0.638), blood glucose abnormality (P=0.616) and vitamin D deficiency (P=0.908) were different among patients with two versus three or more pregnancy losses. However, obesity (P=0.003) was found more frequently observed in patients with more times of pregnancy loss.
Conclusion
The prevalence of endocrine dysfunction in RPL population is high. There is no difference in the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction, except for obesity, among patients with two or more pregnancy losses, which may suggest investigations of endocrine dysfunction when patients have two pregnancy losses.
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