The southern Qiangtang magmatic belt was formed by the north-dipping subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean during Mesozoic. To better understand the petrogenesis, time–space distribution ...along the length of this belt, 21 samples of several granitoid bodies, from west to east, in the Bangong Co, Gaize, Dongqiao and Amdo areas were selected for in-situ zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotopic and whole-rock chemical analyses. The results suggest a prolonged period of magmatic activity (185–84Ma) with two major stages during the Jurassic (185–150Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (126–100Ma). Both the Jurassic and Cretaceous granitoids are high-K calc-alkaline I-type rocks, except the Cretaceous two-mica granite from Amdo in the east, which belongs to S-type. The granitoids are generated from different source materials as indicated by zircon Hf isotopic compositions. The Bangong Co and Dongqiao granitoids show high zircon εHf(t) values of −1.3–13.6 with younger TDMC ages of 293–1263Ma, suggesting a relatively juvenile source; whereas the Gaize and Amdo granitoids have low εHf(t) values of −16.1–2.9 with older TDMC ages of 999–2024Ma, indicating an old crustal contribution. These source rocks melt at different P–T conditions as suggested by Sr/Y ratio and TZr. The Sr/Y ratio of both stage granitoids increases with decreasing age. However, the TZr of the Jurassic granitoids decreases, whereas the TZr of the Cretaceous granitoids increases with decreasing age. The contrasting geochemical signatures of these granitoids may be controlled by the varying contribution of slab-derived fluids involved in the generation of the Jurassic and Cretaceous granitic magmas; i.e. increasing amount of fluids in the Jurassic, whereas decreasing amount of fluids in the Cretaceous. Therefore, it is proposed that the Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatism may be related to subduction and closure of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean, respectively. The age pattern of the Jurassic and Cretaceous granitoids suggests an oblique subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean and a diachronous collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks.
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•Systematic study of grantoids in south Qiangtang•Long period of magmatic activity (185 ~ 80 Ma) with two peaks (185 ~ 150 Ma and 126 ~ 100 Ma)•Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatism may be related to subduction and closure of the BNT, respectively•An oblique BNT subduction and a diachronous Lhasa-Qiangtang collision
Abnormal immune regulation is a key feature of the complex pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis (UC). In particular, macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important ...components of natural immunity that have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of UC, as well as decreased E‐cadherin expression on the colonic mucosa. However, it remains unclear how these components interact with each other. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of UC mediated by macrophage‐derived exosomes. We showed for the first time that miR‐21a‐5p expression is increased in the peritoneal exosomes of mice with dextran sulphate sodium induced enteritis and that miR‐21a‐5p expression correlates negatively with E‐cadherin expression in enterocytes. Moreover, we confirmed that miR‐21a‐5p was mainly derived from M1 macrophages and demonstrated that KLRG1, a surface inhibitory receptor on ILC2s, participated in excessive ILC2 activation in UC by promoting GATA‐3. In conclusion, our results suggest molecular targets and provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of UC and improving its treatment.
Current evidence shows an inter-country inconsistency in the effect of lesion size on the technical difficulty of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to evaluate the specific ...correlation and quantify the ensuing risks. This retrospective study consisted of 405 ESD cases with gastric single lesion from April 2015 to April 2023. The correlation and risk prediction of lesion size with technical difficulty was explored to provide further clinical evidence. An additive generalized model and recursive algorithm were used to describe the non-linear association, and a linear two-piece regression was constructed to analyze the inflection point. Subgroup analysis and interaction were used to explore intergroup characteristics. Overall, difficult cases had larger lesion sizes, and the more significant the increase, the higher the risk of technical difficulty. In the full model, after adjusting for all covariates, each 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, and one standard increase in lesion size increased the risk of technical difficulty by 8%, 26%, 42%, 72%, and 125%, respectively. There is a nonlinear positive correlation between lesion size and risk of technical difficulty, and the premeditated inflection point was 40 (mm) via two-piecewise linear regression and recursive algorithm. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger correlation between lesion size and difficult ESD in the upper site and submucosal fibrosis groups. Available evidence suggests that lesion size as a risk signal nonlinearly increases the technical difficulty of gastric ESD procedure, especially in cases of upper site and submucosal fibrosis, which deserves further investigation.
Although functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) is a common clinical condition, its risk factors remain unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization study to explore the association between ...plasma lipids and the risk of FGID. Instrumental variables closely related to six plasma lipids were obtained from the corresponding genome-wide association studies, and summary-level data on FGID, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), were extracted from the FinnGen study. The primary inverse variance weighted method and other supplementary analyses were used to evaluate the causal relationship between diverse plasma lipids and FGID. For each increase in the standard deviation of triglyceride levels, there was a 12.0% increase in the risk of IBS rather than that of FD. Low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B levels were not associated with the risk of IBS or FD. Through this study, we identified the causal role of triglycerides in the pathogenesis of IBS, which could benefit further basic and clinical research.
Abstract Background The relationship between Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has attracted increased clinical ...attention. However, most of those current studies involve cross-sectional studies and meta-analyses, and experimental mechanistic exploration still needs to be improved. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which H. pylori impacts MASLD. Methods We established two H. pylori -infected (Cag A positive and Cag A negative) mouse models with 16 weeks of chow diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Body weight, liver triglyceride, blood glucose, serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory factors, and insulin resistance were measured, and histological analysis of liver tissues was performed. Mouse livers were subjected to transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis. Results Although H. pylori infection could not significantly affect serum inflammatory factor levels and serum biochemical parameters in mice, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance levels increased in CD mode. In contrast, H. pylori Cag A + infection significantly aggravated hepatic pathological steatosis induced by HFD and elevated serum inflammatory factors and lipid metabolism parameters. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis in the CD groups revealed 767 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the H. pylori Cag A + infected group and 1473 DEGs in the H. pylori Cag A- infected group, and the “nonalcoholic fatty liver disease” pathway was significantly enriched in KEGG analysis. There were 578 DEGs in H. pylori Cag A + infection combined with the HFD feeding group and 820 DEGs in the H. pylori Cag A- infected group. DEGs in the HFD groups were significantly enriched in “fatty acid degradation” and “PPAR pathway.” Exploring the effect of different Cag A statuses on mouse liver revealed that fatty acid binding protein 5 was differentially expressed in Cag A- H. pylori . DEG enrichment pathways were concentrated in the “PPAR pathway” and “fatty acid degradation.” Conclusions Clinicians are expected to comprehend the impact of H. pylori on MASLD and better understand and manage MASLD. H. pylori infection may exacerbate the development of MASLD by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, and the H. pylori virulence factor Cag A plays a vital role in this regulation.
Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of various chronic liver diseases (CLDs). The gut microbiota can impact the liver environment and trigger chronic liver inflammation through the gut-liver axis. ...Alteration of the gut microbiota has become an effective strategy in the biological treatment of cirrhosis.
Twenty-eight patients with liver cirrhosis and 16 healthy individuals were included, and fresh stool samples were collected. We analyzed changes in the gut microbiota between groups by 16S rRNA sequencing and evaluated the association between microbiota alterations and hepatic function. Additionally, 102 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into a probiotic group (n=44) and a nonprobiotic group (n=58) in addition to standard treatment for cirrhosis. Patients were monitored for hematological parameters and hepatic function during the six-month follow-up.
The gut microbiota profile of patients with cirrhosis was greatly different from that of healthy individuals, presenting with significantly reduced α diversity and decreased abundance of representative SCFA-producing bacteria including
,
and
. The pathogenic bacteria
,
, and
were greatly enriched in cirrhotic patients. Additionally, patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DCPC) had a significantly reduced abundance of
compared to compensated cirrhosis (CPC), which is also a SCFA-producing bacteria, and the lower
to
ratio and enhanced MDR values were also shown in DCPC patients compared to CPC patients. In addition, the abundance of
was negatively related to hepatic function in cirrhotic patients, including the levels of ALT, AST, and DBIL. From the retrospective study, we found that biochemical improvements in alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were obtained in DCPC patients who received oral probiotic therapy compared with the nonprobiotic group.
Severe microbial dysbiosis existed in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially patients who reached the decompensatory stage. SCFA-producing bacteria were significantly reduced in cirrhosis. Altered gut microbiota cause changes in functional modules, which may contribute to cirrhosis progression and are associated with clinical prognosis. Adjuvant probiotic supplementation to enhance SCFA-producing bacteria can be a prospective therapy for patients with cirrhosis.
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (HLJDD), a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used to treat diabetes for thousands of years and its mechanism was reported to be related to ...gut microbiota. However, no study has explored the effect of HLJDD on the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the modulation of gut microbiota induced by HLJDD treatment in T2DM in order to unveil the underlying mechanism.
A combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce T2DM in rats. Bacterial communities in the fecal samples from the control group, the T2DM model group, and the HLJDD-treated T2DM group were analyzed by 16S gene sequencing, followed with a subset sample analyzed by shotgun sequencing.
The HLJDD treatment significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia and inflammation in T2DM rats. Additionally, our results indicated that HLJDD treatment could not only restore the gut dysbiosis in T2DM rats, which was proved by an increasing amount of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing and anti-inflammatory bacteria such as
,
, and
as well as a decreasing amount of conditioned pathogenic bacteria (e.g.,
,
, and
), but also modulate the dysregulated function of gut microbiome in T2DM rats, including an up-regulation in bile acid biosynthesis as well as a reduction in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and nucleotide metabolism.
HLJDD treatment could ameliorate hyperglycemia and restore the dysregulated microbiota structure and function to a normal condition mainly by increasing SCFAs-producing bacteria and reducing conditioned pathogenic bacteria in T2DM rats, which provides insights into the mechanism of HLJDD treatment for T2DM from the view of gut microbiota.
The clinical application of music therapy and research into its use and effectiveness are common in Western countries. The physiological role of this type of therapy is to stimulate the central ...nervous system through music, which may have a sedative, analgesic effect, and reduce negative emotions. Previous studies have confirmed that music can be effective for a range of psychological disorders, including post-stroke depression (PSD). There is, however, a lack of systematic evaluation of its effectiveness, and variability in sample size and in the quality of research has detracted from the persuasiveness of findings.
Based on PRISMA 2020, articles on music therapy intervention in post-stroke depression were identified through the Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang databases. The retrieval time was taken from the establishment of the database to October 18, 2022. Two researchers conducted a stringent evaluation of the quality of the articles and extracted the data. They then used RevMan5.3 software for meta-analysis.
Twenty articles were listed, involving 1625 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that music therapy could lower scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS/Ham-D), the National Institutes of Health stroke scale and self-rated depression scale for patients with PSD. Music therapy was also shown to improve the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living and treatment efficacy of PSD patients. However, music therapy did not reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in PSD patients.
Music therapy has benefits in improving HDRS/Ham-D score and symptoms of PSD patients, and could be more widely applied.
•Based on PRISMA 2020, articles on music therapy intervention in PSD were first identified through the Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang databases.•Music therapy could lower scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the National Institutes of Health stroke scale and self-rated depression scale for patients with PSD. Music therapy was also shown to improve the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living and treatment efficacy of PSD patients.•Music therapy did not reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in PSD patients.
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