The mesoscale eddies are prevalent oceanic circulation phenomena, exerting significant influence on various aspects of the marine environment including energy transfer, material transport and ...ecosystem dynamics in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. However, due to sparse vertical observational data, the understanding of the three-dimensional temperature structure of individual cases of mesoscale eddies remains limited. In recent years, utilizing surface remote sensing observations to estimate subsurface temperature anomaly has been crucial for comprehending the intricate multi-dimensional dynamic processes in the ocean. Consequently, this paper proposes an eddy residual multi-channel attention convolution network (ERCACN) with the adaptive threshold and designs the combination of various surface features to estimate the eddy subsurface temperature anomaly (ESTA). By integrating results with climatic temperature, thermal structures containing 46 levels at depths up to 1000 m could be obtained, achieving excellent daily temporal resolution and 0.25° spatial resolution. Validation using independent Argo profiles from 2016 to 2017 reveals that the combination of multiple surface variables outperforms univariate methods, and the ERCACN model demonstrates superior performance compared to other approaches. Overall, with an 8% error deemed acceptable, the ERCACN model achieves a precision of 88.08% in estimating ESTA. This method provides a novel perspective for other essential oceanic variables, contributing to a better perception of the global climate system.
Abstract Background The risk of asthma in patients with psoriasis has been identified in previous studies, but the bidirectional association between the two has not been fully explored. Methods We ...thoroughly searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to find relevant observational studies published from the inception of these databases to October 2023. All the risk and bias assessments were analyzed by STATA 16.0. Where the heterogeneity was less than 50%, the fixed effect model was utilized. While where the level of heterogeneity was more than 50%, the random effect model was applied. Moreover, to identify publication bias, a visual funnel chart, and Egger’s test were applied. Results A total of 12,396,911 participants from 16 studies, published between 2011 and 2023 were included in this meta-analysis. We found that psoriasis patients had a higher risk of developing asthma (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.28–1.68). Meanwhile, asthma patients also had a higher overall risk of developing psoriasis (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.23–1.44). In the subgroup analysis, we found that the type of study, age, and severity of the psoriasis were significant factors in the survey of asthma risk in psoriasis patients. Conclusions In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a bidirectional association between psoriasis and asthma with significantly increased risk. As a result, clinicians should make patients aware of the connection between the two, particularly adolescents or patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who need to be informed about the rising likelihood of developing asthma. Trial registration Registration number CRD42023390111 .
Continental shale oil is an important strategic supplement to the sustainable development of petroleum industry in China. Based on the thermal maturity of organic matter, most shale oil in China is ...medium-high or medium-low mature oil with relatively high density that is usually stored in thin layers and difficult to extract due to strong fluid flow resistance. Most petroliferous basins in China host shale oil but the abundance and distribution are not favorable for operators looking for a commercial exploitation. This study systematically investigates the recent progress of shale oil exploration and development in China. The result shows that the country is facing the following challenges while trying to explore its shale oil resources: complex geological conditions; a lack of established effective development mode; high development cost; and an absence of substantial breakthroughs in key technologies. Given these, the study suggests from research and policy-making perspectives to strengthen the research on basic theories and key technologies, establish demonstration zones for development of different types of shale oil, pursue breakthroughs in a stepwise approach, innovate the management mode to reduce the development cost, set shale oil as an independent mineral type, and give special policy incentives.
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•Lacustrine shale oil of medium-high and medium-low maturity types.•Technical and economic challenges in commercial extraction. .•Measures to deal with the various challenges.
β-sitosterol, a phytosterol with multiple biological activities, has been used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are only a few reports on the use of β-sitosterol in improving milk ...synthesis in dairy cows. This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-sitosterol on milk fat and protein syntheses in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and its regulatory mechanism. MAC-T cells were treated with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 μM) of β-sitosterol, and the expression levels of milk protein and fat synthesis-related genes and proteins were analyzed. β-sitosterol at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations promoted the mRNA and protein expression of β-casein. β-sitosterol (0.1, 1, 10 μM) increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of signal transducer activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) of the JAK2/STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways. It also stimulated the milk fat synthesis-related factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and stearyl CoA desaturase (SCD). β-sitosterol (0.1, 1, 10 μM) also significantly increased the expression of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-related genes. Notably, the compound inhibited the expression of the negative regulator, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) at the two lower concentrations (0.1, 1 μM), but significantly promoted the expression at the highest concentration (30 μM). These results highlight the role of β-sitosterol at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM in improving milk protein and fat syntheses, regulating milk quality. Therefore, β-sitosterol can be used as a potential feed additive to improve milk quality in dairy cows.
In this paper, we present a dynamic resource management scheme for delay-aware applications in two-tier small-cell networks (SCNs). We propose the scheme of joint rate control at the transport layer ...and resource allocation at the physical layer to manage the cross-tier interference. The joint rate control and resource allocation scheme is designed to maximize the time-averaged sum capacity of small cell users in the SCN subject to each small cell user's delay constraint and an interference constraint imposed by the macrocell. By using the Lyapunov optimization technique, we develop a delay-guaranteed capacity optimal algorithm (DCOA) to obtain the optimal rate control and resource allocation decisions. We show that without prior knowledge of the data arrivals and channel statistics, DCOA achieves a capacity of SCN that can arbitrarily approach the optimal capacity achieved by the algorithm with the complete knowledge of data arrivals and channel statistics. Simulations results confirm the theoretical analysis on the performance of DCOA and also show the adaptiveness of DCOA.
ObjectiveWe aimed to examine trends in overall mortality rates for liver cancer and those within subgroups according to sex, age, aetiological factors and modifiable risk factors in China from 1990 ...to 2019.DesignThe design of this study involved analysing liver cancer mortality rates in China from 1990 to 2019 using joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in mortality rates. Annual percentage changes (APCs) and 95% CIs were used to quantify the magnitude of changes in mortality rates. The study also conducted subgroup analyses based on sex, age, aetiological factors and risk factors to better understand trends in liver cancer mortality rates.ResultsThe age-standardised mortality from liver cancer in China first increased from 28.12 to 31.54 deaths per 100 000 population in 1990–1996 (APC=2.1%, 95% CI: 1.5% to 2.6%), then dropped at varying rates (1996–2000, APC=−3.7%, 95% CI: −5.2% to –2.1%; 2000–2004, APC=−17.4%, 95% CI: −18.7% to –16.1%; 2004–2007, APC=−5.4%, 95% CI: −8.3% to –2.3%; and 2007–2012, APC=−1.4%, 95% CI: −2.3% to –0.4%), and began to increase again after 2012 (APC=1.3%, 95% CI: 0.9% to 1.7%). Hepatitis B and C virus infections accounted for 63% and 18% of liver cancer-related deaths, respectively, in China from 1990 to 2019. Smoking, drug use, alcohol use and elevated body mass index were the four leading risk factors for liver cancer mortality in China during the study period. Notable variations in both liver cancer mortality rates and changes in mortality rates were observed across sexes and age groups.ConclusionsThe age-standardised liver cancer mortality rate in China significantly decreased from 1996 to 2019. The major differences in liver cancer mortality rates and inconsistent changes in mortality rates between 1990 and 2019 merit the attention of researchers and policymakers.
As military technology continues to evolve and the amount of situational information available on the battlefield continues to increase, data-driven deep learning methods are becoming the primary ...method for air target intention recognition. Deep learning is based on a large amount of high quality data; however, in the field of intention recognition, it often faces key problems such as low data volume and unbalanced datasets due to insufficient real-world scenarios. To address these problems, we propose a new method called time-series conditional generative adversarial network with improved Hausdorff distance (IH-TCGAN). The innovation of the method is mainly reflected in three aspects: (1) Use of a transverter to map real and synthetic data into the same manifold so that they have the same intrinsic dimension; (2) Addition of a restorer and a classifier in the network structure to ensure that the model can generate high-quality multiclass temporal data; (3) An improved Hausdorff distance is proposed that can measure the time order differences between multivariate time-series data and make the generated results more reasonable. We conduct experiments using two time-series datasets, evaluate the results using various performance metrics, and visualize the results using visualization techniques. The experimental results show that IH-TCGAN is able to generate synthetic data similar to the real data and has significant advantages in the generation of time series data.
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered materials have been explored in depth. They can be vertically stacked into a 2D heterostructure and represent a fundamental way to explore new physical ...properties and fabricate high-performance nanodevices. However, the controllable and scaled growth of non-layered quasi-2D materials and their heterostructures is still a great challenge. Here, we report a selective two-step growth method for high-quality single crystalline CrTe/WSe
and CrTe/MoS
heterostructures by adopting a universal CVD strategy with the assistance of molten salt and mass control. Quasi-2D metallic CrTe was grown on pre-deposited 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) under relatively low temperatures. A 2D CrTe/TMDC heterostructure was established to explore the interface's structure using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and also demonstrate ferromagnetism in a metal-semiconductor CrTe/TMDC heterostructure.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensing are two important means of Earth observation. SAR-to-optical image translation (S2OIT) can integrate the advantages of both and assist SAR image ...interpretation under all-day and all-weather conditions. The existing S2OIT methods generally follow a paired training paradigm, which is difficult when dealing with the unpaired S2OIT application scenarios. Moreover, the generator and discriminator in current S2OIT methods have insufficient scene memory for SAR images, resulting in regional landform deformation in the generated images. To address these issues, we propose a novel generative adversarial network capable of memorizing scene for unpaired S2OIT called MS-GAN. The cycle learning framework based on cycle generative adversarial network for unpaired S2OIT is designed to construct the translation mapping between unpaired SAR and optical images. The multiscale representation generator is constructed for multiscale fusion and utilization of scene features of SAR images. The proposed multireceptive field discriminator has the ability to enhance scene memory and generate higher quality optical images in different landforms. In addition, the designed subbands shrinkage denoising module can further suppress the effect of speckle noise in SAR images on the quality of the generated results. Extensive experiments conducted on three challenging datasets SEN1-2, WHU-SEN-City, and QXS-SAROPT demonstrate that the proposed MS-GAN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both subjective and objective evaluation metrics.
The potential toxicity of microplastic (MPs) to organisms has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the subacute toxicity of MPs, the biological effect is hard to verify in short-term ...exposure experiment. Here, by tracking the dynamics of gut microbes, mice model was utilized to evaluate the toxicity of compositional MPs (PE, PET, PP, PS and PVC). After 7 days digestive exposure, the physiological indicators were normal as the control group that the body weight and serum cholesterol levels were insignificant change. Whereas, through histopathological examination, all the treatment groups suffered colon tissue damage, among which PS had the most inflammatory cells. Moreover, the high-throughput sequencing results revealed great variation of intestinal flora in treated mice. The ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in PE, PET and PP treatment groups heighten, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased significantly at family levels. At the genus level, Alistipes bacteria in PS treatment group significantly decreased that is associated with obesity risk. It indicated that MPs induced inflammatory response would further interfere the dynamics of intestinal flora causing health effect in living organisms. This work shed light on MPs toxicity in short-term exposure and supplied research paradigm of MPs health risk assessment.
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•Bioeffects of common microplastics were comparatively assessed after short-term exposure to mice model.•Gut microbes were used as indicators to monitor the biological effects of microplastic.•Exposure to microplastic can lead to potential obesity indicated by the metabolic microbiota.
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