Computer-generated holograms are crucial for a wide range of applications such as 3D displays, information encryption, data storage, and opto-electronic computing. Orbital angular momentum (OAM), as ...a new degree of freedom with infinite orthogonal states, has been employed to expand the hologram bandwidth. However, in order to reduce strong multiplexing crosstalk, OAM holography suffers from a fundamental sampling criterion that the image sampling distance should be no less than the diameter of largest addressable OAM mode, which severely hinders the increase in resolution and capacity. Here we establish a comprehensive model on multiplexing crosstalk in OAM holography, propose a pseudo incoherent approach that is almost crosstalk-free, and demonstrate an analogous coherent solution by temporal multiplexing, which dramatically eliminates the crosstalk and largely relaxes the constraint upon sampling condition of OAM holography, exhibiting a remarkable resolution enhancement by several times, far beyond the conventional resolution limit of OAM holography, as well as a large scaling of OAM multiplexing capacity at fixed resolution. Our method enables OAM-multiplexed holographic reconstruction with high quality, high resolution, and high capacity, offering an efficient and practical route towards the future high-performance holographic systems.
Abstract Objectives Recently, large intergenic non-coding ribonucleic acids-RoR (linc-RoR) was reported to regulate expression of core stem cell transcription factors (TFs), but its role in ...endometrial tumorsphere is still unknown. Methods Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize linc-RoR expression in ETs. After construction of adenovirus vectors carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP), these vectors were transfected into ETs to estimate the effects of overexpression or knocked down expression of miR-145, linc-RoR or Dicer. Flow cytometry was employed to ascertain transfection efficiency, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to compare their levels. Colony formation was analyzed using cultured gelatin-coated tissue cultures. miR-145 potential targeting sites in linc-RoR were mutated using a site-directed mutagenesis kit to verify its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) effects. Results Expression of linc-RoR and core stem cell TFs was associated with the pluripotent state of ETs, whereas miR-145 expression increased after ET differentiation. Greater expression of miR-145 could lead to down-regulation of linc-RoR and core TFs, and decreased colony formation. Converse effects could be achieved after knocked-down miR-145 expression. The effects of miR-145 could be eliminated after increasing the expression of linc-RoR in ETs or mutated targeted sequences in linc-RoR. Knocked-down Dicer expression could improve the expression of linc-RoR and core TFs. Conclusions Linc-RoR is a ceRNA and acts as a miR-145 “sponge” to inhibit mediation of the differentiation of ETs by miR-145. These results suggest that linc-RoR has an important role during endometrial carcinogenesis.
In this work, 2-Aminopyridine functionalized partially reduced graphene oxide hydrogels (APGHs) have been prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. During the reaction process, graphene oxide was ...used as the reactant and 2-Aminopyridine was used as both reductant and N dopant. Furthermore, pyridine ring can not only act as a spacer to prevent the restacking of graphene sheets, but also enhance the pseudocapacitance of the material through its redox activity. The characterization results showed that APGHs possessed high content of heteroatom functional groups (N, O), high surface area and 3D interconnected structure, respectively. Thus, the assembled APGH-40-based symmetric supercapacitor delivers a high-specific capacitance of 266.7 F g
−1
at 0.3 A g
−1
, even at 10 A g
−1
, this value can still maintain at f 215.9 F g
−1
. In addition, the device also possesses a high energy density (9.3 Wh kg
−1
at 75.0 W kg
−1
) and outstanding capacitance retention of 102.9% after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g
−1
. Therefore, the synthesized APGHs display a promising prospect in supercapacitor application.
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•The gut microbiome profile of a rat model of MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis was analyzed.•Changes in gut microbiota composition were detected by 16S rRNA gene ...sequencing.•Bacterial species richness increased and diversity decreased during gastric carcinogenesis progression.•The most significant changes were occurred at the precancerous lesion of GC stage.•Gut microbiome changes in the rat gastric carcinogenesis model were similar to those in human.
Although many studies have examined changes in gut microbiota composition in gastric carcinogenesis to clarify the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs, it is unclear whether animal models of gastric carcinogenesis adequately reflect the disease in humans.
To address this issue, the present study investigated changes in the gut microbiome profile of a rat model of gastric carcinogenesis established using a combination of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), sodium salicylate, irregular fasting, and ranitidine. The rats were divided into control (Normal), chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC), and gastric cancer (GC) groups according to histopathological features. Gut microbiome in gastric carcinogenesis profiling was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of rat feces samples.
We found that gut bacterial species richness increased whereas species diversity decreased during gastric carcinogenesis, with the most significant changes detected in the PLGC group. Gut microbiota community composition differed across groups, with the greatest similarities observed between CNAG and CAG groups and between PLGC and GC groups. There were significant differences in taxonomic representation at the phylum level: the PLGC group had the highest ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes whereas the GC group had the highest abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
These results indicate that changes in the gut microbiome in a rat model of MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis are similar to those observed in humans, thus providing a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of action of novel monotherapies or drug combinations for the treatment of gastric carcinogenesis.
Mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA are essential genetic material which play an important role in maintaining normal metabolism, survival, and proliferation of cells. Constructing a ...mitochondria-targeting stimuli-responsive nano-drug delivery system releasing chemotherapeutic agents in a stepwise response manner and destroying mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA simultaneously is an effective way to improve the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, a new mitochondria-targeting pH/ROS dual-responsive block copolymer TPP-PEG2k-b-(BS-AA)n (P1), untargeted pH/ROS dual-responsive copolymer mPEG2k-b-(BS-AA)n (P2), pH single-responsive copolymer (mPEG2k-b-(AH-AA)n (P3), ROS single-responsive copolymer mPEG2k-b-(SA-TG)n (P4), and non-responsive copolymer mPEG-b-PCL (P5) were constructed. pH/ROS-responsive properties were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Anticancer chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM) or fluorescent substance Nile Red (NR) were loaded in the polymer micelles. Results of the mitochondrial colocalization experiment indicate that (5-carboxypentyl)(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (TPP)-functionalized P1 micelles could be efficiently targeted and located in mitochondria. Results of the cellular uptake experiment showed that pH/ROS dual-responsive GEM-loaded P1 and P2 micelles have faster internalized and entry nucleus rates than single-responsive or non-responsive GEM-loaded micelles. The in vitro release experiment suggests pH/ROS dual-responsive GEM/P1 and GEM/P2 micelles have higher cumulative release than single-responsive GEM/P3 and GEM/P4 micelles. The in vitro cytotoxic experiment shows that the mitochondria-targeted dual-responsive GEM/P1 micelles had the lowest IC50 values, and the cytotoxic effect of dual-responsive GEM/P2 micelles was superior to the single-responsive and non-responsive drug-loaded micelles.
Cognitive deficiency is one of the fundamental characteristics of late-onset depression (LOD). Luteolin (LUT) possesses antidepressant, anti-aging, and neuroprotective properties, which can ...dramatically enhance cognition. The altered composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is involved in neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis, directly reflects the physio-pathological status of the central nervous system. It is not well known whether the effect of LUT on LOD is in association with a changed CSF composition. Therefore, this study first established a rat model of LOD and then tested the therapeutic effects of LUT using several behavioral approaches. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to evaluate the CSF proteomics data for KEGG pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology annotation. We combined network pharmacology and differentially expressed proteins to screen for key GSEA-KEGG pathways as well as potential targets for LUT therapy for LOD. Molecular docking was adopted to verify the affinity and binding activity of LUT to these potential targets. The outcomes demonstrated that LUT improved the cognitive and depression-like behaviors in LOD rats. LUT may exert therapeutic effects on LOD through the axon guidance pathway. Five axon guidance molecules-
,
,
,
, and
-as well as
,
, and
, may be candidates for the LUT treatment of LOD.
In this paper, an isotropous hydrophobic Ti3SiC2 surface with a micro-rectangular-columned structure can be machined by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) by different reference supply ...voltages. To optimize the WEDM processing parameters, the influence of the reference supply voltage on the topographies and phase constitutions of the micro-rectangular-columned Ti3SiC2 surface was studied. The relation between the phase constitution of the machined Ti3SiC2 surfaces and the different reference supply voltages was analyzed. The influences of the different reference supply voltages on the wetting behaviors of the textured Ti3SiC2 surfaces were characterized by the variation in the water contact angles on the textured surfaces. It was found that increasing the reference supply voltage would increase the surface roughness of the textured surface and aggravate the decomposition of Ti3SiC2 on the surfaces. The textured Ti3SiC2 surface had a maximum contact angle of 147.8°, which was increased by about 67% compared with the contact angle on the untextured Ti3SiC2 surface.
Aim
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide. A number of researchers have studied the relationship between Insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and ...NAFLD. However, the results are controversial. This meta-analysis, aimed to systemically evaluate the correlation between IGF-1 and NAFLD.
Methods
We searched for four online databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI up to Feb 2018. We then applied a random-effects model to evaluate the overall effect sizes by calculating Standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Twelve articles were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that the level of IGF-1 in the control group was significantly higher than that in the NAFLD group. (SMD: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.54–1.46,
P
< 0.00001). However, significant heterogeneity was discovered among the included studies (
P
< 0.00001,
I
2
= 96%). Then a series of subgroup analyses were performed. Compared to the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group, the level of IGF-1 was significantly higher in the Non- or probable-NASH group (SMD: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.25–2.58,
P
= 0.02). The level of IGF-1 in patients with increased insulin resistance (SMD: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.36–0.63;
P
< 0.00001) and high Body Mass Index (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.22–0.79;
P
< 0.05) were significantly lower than healthy control. In addition, the same conclusion were found in studies carried out in Asia and Europe (Asia: SMD: 0.69, 95% CI: −0.29–1.66,
P
= 0.17; Europe: SMD: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.41–1.38,
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The level of IGF-1 is down-regulated in NAFLD patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting that IGF-1 might be used as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (TFs), namely MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4, interact with Jasmonate Zim-domain proteins and are their direct targets. These TFs have been shown to function ...synergistically to control Arabidopsis growth and development. Our results showed similar MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 expression patterns during Arabidopsis seed development, which remained relatively high during seed mid-maturation. MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 acted redundantly in seed size, weight control, and in regulating seed storage protein accumulation. Triple mutants produced the largest seeds and single and double mutants’ seeds were much larger than those of wild type. The weight of triple mutants’ seeds was significantly higher than that of wild-type seeds, which was accompanied by an increase in seed storage protein contents. Triple mutants’ seeds presented a marked decrease in 2S amounts relative to those in wild-type seeds. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectra sequencing results indicated that both the relative abundance and the peptide number of CRA1 and CRU3 were greatly increased in triple mutants compared to wild type. The expression of 2S1–2S5 decreased and that of CRA1 and CRU3 increased in triple mutants relative to those in wild types during seed development, which might have contributed to the low 2S and high 12S contents in triple mutants. Our results contribute to understanding the function of MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 on seed development, and provide promising targets for genetic manipulations of protein-producing crops to improve the quantity and quality of seed storage proteins.
•MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 control Arabidopsis growth and development.•Similar MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 expression patterns were found during seed development.•Triple mutants had larger and heavier seeds with more seed storage proteins.•These genes redundantly control seed size, weight, and storage protein accumulation.
The neural stimulator is a core component of animal robots. While the control effect of animal robots is influenced by various factors, the performance of the neural stimulator plays a decisive role ...in regulating animal robots. In order to optimize animal robots, embedded neural stimulators had been developed using flexible printed circuit board technology. This innovation not only enabled the stimulator to generate parameter-adjustable biphasic current pulses through control signals, but also optimized its carrying mode, material, and size, overcoming the disadvantages of traditional backpack or head-inserted stimulators, which have poor concealment and are prone to infection. Static,
, and
performance tests of the stimulator demonstrated that it not only had precise pulse waveform output capability, but also was lightweight and small in size. It had excellent
performance in both laboratory and outdoor environments. Our study has high practical significance for the application of animal robots.
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