With the rapid development of educational technology, the English teaching mode in colleges and universities faces innovation challenges. As an emerging teaching mode, flipped classroom promotes ...students’ active learning and improves classroom efficiency by switching the order of pre-course learning and in-class activities.Seq2seq technology, as a significant application of deep learning in natural language processing, is used in flipped classroom to provide new perspectives and methods for English teaching, which is expected to stimulate students’ interest in learning and improve the quality of teaching through technological means. This study aims to examine Seq2Seq2’s ability to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. This study explores the impact of Seq2seq technology on English flipped classroom teaching in colleges and universities. Using an experimental research method, 120 first-year university students were selected as the research subjects and divided into experimental and control groups, applying Seq2seq-assisted flipped classroom teaching and traditional teaching methods respectively. The study used a pre-test and post-test design, and collected students’ English achievement and learning motivation questionnaires to analyze data. Students in the experimental group outperformed the control group in English, with a mean score increase of 6.27 points, and their motivation to learn was also improved. The students in the experimental group showed improvement in vocabulary mastery, reading comprehension, and writing ability. The study shows that applying Seq2seq technology in flipped classroom can effectively improve students’ English learning achievement and learning motivation, which is of great significance for promoting the development of English teaching in colleges and universities.
Prenylated flavonoids, a unique class of flavonoids which combine a flavonoid skeleton and a lipophilic prenyl side-chain, possess great potential biological activities including cytotoxicity, ...anti-inflammation, anti-Alzheimer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, estrogenic, vasorelaxant and enzyme inhibition. Recently, prenylated flavonoids have become an indispensable anchor for the development of new therapeutic agents, and have received increasing from medicinal chemists. The prenylated flavonoids have been outstanding developed through isolation, semi or fully synthesis in a very short period of time, which proves the great value in medicinal chemistry researches. In this review, research progress of prenylated flavonoids including natural prenylated flavonoids, structural modification, synthetic methodologies and pharmacological activities was summarized comprehensively. Furthermore, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of prenylated flavonoids were summarized which provided a basis for the selective design and optimization of multifunctional prenylated flavonoid derivatives for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases in clinic.
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•This article provides over 500 natural and synthetic prenylated flavonoids from 2000 to 2021.•The diverse activities and structure–activity relationships of prenylated flavonoids are summarized.•The synthetic methodologies of prenylated flavonoids are summarized.
Disulfidptosis, a new form of cell death triggered by disulfide stress, is characterized by the collapse of cytoskeleton proteins and F-actin due to the intracellular accumulation of disulfides. This ...discovery will eventually aid in the development of therapeutic strategies against cancer.
Rice phenology information is critical for farm management and productivity evaluation. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical remote sensing data are very useful for monitoring rice growth. ...Therefore, this paper focuses on building a robust, accurate and operational scheme for phenology estimation based on SAR and multispectral remote sensing data. The proposed scheme has three main improvements. First, two main types of rice field - transplanted indica rice field (TRF) and direct-sown japonica rice field (DRF) - were considered individually. Second, 149 SAR signatures and optical Vegetation Indices (VIs) were extracted from time-series of optical and full/compact-pol SAR data and a novel feature selection method based on Monte Carlo experiments and the correlation limitation (MCCL) was proposed. Third, six different phenological labeling cases were considered, with the multiclass relevant vector machine (mRVM) being used to identify different stages. Based on the improvements above, we generated the optimal feature matrix based on the MCCL; this matrix consisted of the optimal feature subset (OFS) used for the identification of each stage. The overall phenological estimation accuracy (OPEA) based on the optical VIs and SAR signatures together (86.59%), was shown to be better than that based on either the optical VIs or the SAR signatures only. In addition, it was significant to consider the differences between the DRF and TRF for rice phenology estimation. The OPEA was higher than 85% when the DRF and TRF were considered separately, much higher than the accuracy obtained (68.89%) when the differences between the DRF and TRF were ignored. Lastly, the availability of the proposed feature selection method MCCL was discussed. It was found that the best OPEA was generated using the OFS selected by the proposed MCCL when the dimensions of the OFS were kept small.
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•Explored 149 features from time-series optical and full/compact-pol SAR data•A novel feature selection with Monte Carlo experiments and correlation limitation•Generated the optimal feature matrix for identification of eight stages•Quantitative separate consideration of the transplanted and direct-sown rice fields•Discussed the capability/limitations of optical and SAR data to estimate rice stage
► A questionnaire study to examine the factor structures of the IAQ and STDS. ► We found a two-factor structure for the IAQ and a three-factor structure for the STDS. ► Depression was linked to both ...Internet Dependency and Text-message Dependency. ► Anxiety was associated negatively with Text-message Dependency.
Unhealthy use of the Internet and mobile phones is a health issue in Japan. We solicited participation in this questionnaire-based study from the employees of a city office in Kumamoto. A total of 92 men and 54 women filled in the Internet Addiction Questionnaire (IAQ), the Self-perception of Text-message Dependency Scale (STDS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The prevalence of “light Internet addiction” and “severe Internet addiction” were 33.7% and 6.1% for men whereas they were 24.6% and 1.8% for women. The prevalence of “light mobile phone text-message addiction” was 3.1% for men and 5.4% for women. There were no cases of “sever text-message addiction”. We found a two-factor structure for the IAQ and a three-factor structure for the STDS. We also performed an EFA of the IAQ and STDS subscales, and this revealed a two-factor structure – Internet Dependency and Text-message Dependency. An STDS subscale, Relationship Maintenance, showed a moderate factor loading of the factor that reflected unhealthy Internet use. In a path analysis, Depression was associated with both Internet Dependency and Text-message Dependency whereas Anxiety was associated negatively with Text-message Dependency. These results suggest applicability of the IAQ and STDS and that Internet and Text-message Dependences are factorially distinct.
SHARPIN is a tumor‐associated gene involved in the growth and proliferation of many tumor types. A function of SHARPIN in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is so far unclear. Here, we studied the role and ...function of SHARPIN in CCA and revealed its relevant molecular mechanism. The expression of SHARPIN was analyzed in cholangiocarcinoma tissues from patients using immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis. Expression of SHARPIN was suppressed/overexpressed by siRNA silencing or lentiviral overexpression vector, and the effect on cell proliferation was determined by the CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was measured with MitoTracker, and JC‐1 staining showed mitochondrial fission/fusion and mitochondrial membrane potential changes as a result of the silencing or overexpression. The ferroptosis marker solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD‐1) and SOD‐2 were analyzed by western blot. The results showed that SHARPIN expression was increased in CCA tissue, and this was involved in cell proliferation. SHARPIN silencing resulted in accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced mitochondrial fission, and a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Silencing of SHARPIN inhibited the ubiquitination and degradation of p53, and downregulated levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, SOD‐1, and SOD‐2, all of which contributed to excessive oxidative stress that leads to ferroptosis. Overexpression of SHARPIN would reverse the above process. The collected data suggest that in CCA, SHARPIN‐mediated cell ferroptosis via the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway is inhibited. Targeting SHARPIN might be a promising approach for the treatment of CCA.
SHARPIN‐mediated cell ferroptosis via the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway is inhibited. Targeting SHARPIN might be a promising approach for the treatment of CCA.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can damage voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels and attenuate coronary artery vasodilation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to ...investigate the role and potential mechanism of PPARγ in AGEs-induced Kv 1 channels impairment. We used both primary rat coronary smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) in vitro and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat model in vivo. Overexpression of the Pparg gene by lentivirus vector (LV-Pparg) was used to transfect CSMCs for upregulation PPARγ. Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 currents were measured by patch clamp. The vascular tone of coronary artery was evaluated by isometric force measurements. The proteins expression of Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 channel were detected by western blot. PPARγ was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and total p38 expression were detected by western blot. The intracellular ROS levels were measured by the fluorescent dye 2’,7’- dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and a cellular ROS assay kit. We found that activating PPARγ via LV-Pparg (100 MOI, 5 × 108 TU/mL) prevented AGEs (100 μg/mL) -mediated impairment of Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 channels activity and improved the reduction of Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 protein expression in CSMCs. Isometric force measurements showed that activating PPARγ by pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d, intragastric administration) improved the impairment of coronary artery vasodilation, and western blot analysis showed that activating PPARγ increased the Kv 1.2 and Kv 1.5 protein expression, while inhibiting PPARγ by GW9662 (10 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection) attenuated these effects in ZDF rats. Furthermore, LV-Pparg overexpression PPARγ attenuated NADPH oxidase activity, which was shown as the reduction of the NOX2 and p22phox expression by western blot analysis, decreased the MDA production and increased the SOD and GPx activities by ELISA, finally led to reduce AGEs-mediated ROS production. Moreover, activating PPARγ by LV-Pparg inhibited AGEs-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, by which could reduce AGEs-mediated NOX2, p22phox expression and ROS production, while CSMCs treatment with SB203580 (10 μmol/L), a p38 MAPK inhibitor, attenuated these effects. Activating PPARγ plays a protective role in AGEs-induced impairment of coronary artery vasodilation by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation to attenuate NOX2 and p22phox expression and further decrease oxidative stress induced by ROS overproduction.
•Activating of PPARγ alleviated the AGEs-induced impairment of coronary artery vasodilation.•PPARγ improved AGEs-attenuated Kv 1.2/Kv1.5 channels activities via inhibition of p38 phosphorylation.•Activating PPARγ and inhibition of p38 phosphorylation decreased NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production in CSMCs.
Inducing HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) through vaccination poses exceptional challenges. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wiehe and colleagues report the elicitation of ...affinity-matured bnAbs in knock-in mice through boosting immunogen vaccination, which selects for key improbable mutations.
Inducing HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) through vaccination poses exceptional challenges. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wiehe and colleagues report the elicitation of affinity-matured bnAbs in knock-in mice through boosting immunogen vaccination, which selects for key improbable mutations.
The aim of the present study is to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network by using differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs in ...patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to construct a prognostic model for predicting overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were explored between HCC tissues and normal liver tissues. A prognostic model was built for predicting OS of HCC patients and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of the prognostic model. There were 455 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 181 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 5035 differentially expressed mRNAs. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed based on 43 lncRNAs, 37 miRNAs, and 105 mRNAs. Eight mRNA biomarkers (H2AFX, SQSTM1, ITM2A, PFKP, TPD52L1, ACSL4, STRN3, and CPEB3) were identified as independent risk factors by multivariate Cox regression and were used to develop a prognostic model for OS. The C‐indexes in the model group were 0.776 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.730‐0.822), 0.745 (95% CI, 0.699‐0.791), and 0.789 (95% CI, 0.743‐0.835) for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS, respectively. The current study revealed potential molecular biological regulation pathways and prognostic biomarkers by the ceRNA regulatory network. A prognostic model based on prognostic mRNAs in the ceRNA network might be helpful to predict the individual mortality risk for HCC patients. The individual mortality risk calculator can be used by visiting the following URL: https://zhangzhiqiao.shinyapps.io/Smart_cancer_predictive_system_HCC/.
The current study revealed the potential cellular and molecular biological regulation pathways and prognostic biomarkers by a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. A prognostic model based on mRNAs in the ceRNA network might be helpful to predict the individual mortality risk for overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The web calculator is available at the following URL: https://zhangzhiqiao.shinyapps.io/Smart_cancer_predictive_system_HCC/.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acoustic emission (AE) sensors have been used in many applications. In this paper, based on an FBG AE sensor, the sensing principle of the interaction between the AE wave ...and the sensor is introduced. Then, the directionality of the FBG AE sensor on the surface of a thin polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) material is studied. Finally, the time coefficient location method is proposed to correct the AE time detected by the FBG AE sensor, thereby improving the accuracy of location experiments.
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