Background
Risk factors for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain remain unclear.
Objectives
This study aimed to identify risk factors for TMD pain using a biopsychosocial model and to investigate ...interactions between potential risk factors—oral behaviours (OBs), psychological factors and sleep quality—and their direct and indirect effects on TMD pain.
Methods
This was a cross‐sectional study of 488 patients with TMDs (422 women; 30.8 ± 9.4 years). Pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Demographic, behavioural, psychological and biomedical data were collected through clinical examination, face‐to‐face interviews and questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with TMD pain. Mediation and moderation analysis were used to evaluate interactions between variables. Significant mediation (‘0’ not included in the 95% confidence interval (CI)) and moderation (p < .05) effects on TMD pain were identified.
Results
Marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression and sleep quality were significant risk factors for TMD pain (p < .05). Significant mediation effects were observed as follows: depression and sleep quality mediated the association between OBs and pain; sleep quality mediated the association between somatization, depression, anxiety and pain; and depression mediated the association between sleep quality and pain (all 95% CI did not contain ‘0’).
Conclusions
(1) Marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression and sleep quality were associated with TMD pain. (2) OBs can exacerbate pain by promoting depression and reducing sleep quality. Psychological factors and sleep quality can interact to exacerbate pain.
We aimed to clarify the risk factors associated with TMD pain and investigate the interactions between oral behaviors (OBs), psychological factors, sleep quality. Finally, we found that marital status, diagnosis subgroup, previous medication use, depression, and sleep quality could significantly predict pain. OBs could exacerbate pain by promoting depression and reducing sleep quality.
Background
Degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an important type of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) potentially leading to orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction. ...Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in TMD diagnosis; however, its diagnostic ability for DJD remains unknown.
Objective
To explore the utility of MRI in diagnosing DJD according to the latest diagnostic criteria for TMD and detecting condylar bone abnormalities and their severity.
Methods
Overall, 122 participants were examined using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and MRI. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for detecting DJD and different types of TMJ condylar bone abnormalities were calculated (considering CBCT as gold standard); in addition, we tested MRI and CBCT's consistency in scoring five types of condylar bone abnormalities.
Results
The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for DJD were 95.3% and 43.1%, respectively. The MRI sensitivities for condylar flattening, erosion, osteophytes, sclerosis and cysts were 98.6%, 96.2%, 79.4%, 50%, and 79.2% (specificity, 53.6%, 48.3%, 81.6%, 83.3%, and 88.2%, respectively), respectively. The consistency between MRI and CBCT in assessing the severity of condylar bone abnormalities was fair‐to‐moderate (kappa coefficient: 0.278–0.491). The inter‐observer consistency for CBCT was good, whereas for MRI, it was relatively poor.
Conclusion
MRI can detect DJD and condylar bone abnormalities. However, MRI could not efficiently detect the severity of condylar bone abnormalities.
MRI can detect DJD and condylar bone abnormalities. However, MRI could not efficiently detect the severity of condylar bone abnormalities.
Around 1632, while stationed in Shanxi Province (China), the Italian Jesuit Alfonso Vagnone published a pedagogical treatise entitled On the Education of Children (Tongyou jiaoyu) on which he had ...worked for several years. The book achieves a carefully crafted synthesis between Confucian educational principles, European Humanism, and Jesuit pedagogy. This is achieved through various rhetorical devices, one of them being the extensive use of animal simile, which prepares considerations about behavioral models to be found in (Pagan) Sages and (Christian) saints. This study focuses on the rhetorical and narrative methods through which Vagnone grounds a gradation and continuum between Nature and Grace, inserting his pedagogical considerations into a carefully crafted apologetics. Vagnone’s work is also remarkable by its implicit openness to various Confucian schools, while Matteo Ricci was drawing a sharp distinction between original Confucianism and the School of the Principle. In more than one way, Vagnone’s work is “ecumenical”. It makes the love for one’s offspring, found in all living species and in all nations, the ground of moral reform, itself conducive to greater openness toward revealed truths.
Background
The effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection combined with physical therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ‐OA) has not been studied.
...Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of PRP injection combined with individualised comprehensive physical therapy for the treatment of TMJ‐OA.
Methods
This prospective cohort study included 40 patients with TMJ‐OA who received PRP injection or PRP injection combined with individualised comprehensive physical therapy. Pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, temporomandibular joint sounds, and the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) scores and imaging findings were compared before treatment and during follow‐up.
Results
The pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, and temporomandibular joint sounds of the two groups significantly improved with an increase in treatment time (p < .05). The pain improvement in the combined treatment group was greater than that in the PRP injection group at 3 and 6 months (p < .05). The improvement of mouth opening was better in the combined treatment group, whereas the improvement of joint sounds was better in the PRP injection group. The improvement in JFLS scores in the combined treatment group was greater than that in the PRP injection group at 6 months (p < .05). The imaging improvement rates of the two groups were similar.
Conclusions
Platelet‐rich plasma injection can significantly improve pain, mouth opening, abnormal joint sound, and mandibular function in patients with TMJ‐OA and has good repair effect on condylar bone defects. PRP injection combined with individualised comprehensive physical therapy can effectively control the medium‐ and long‐term pain of patients.
We found that platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection can significantly improve pain, mouth opening, abnormal joint sound, and mandibular function in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and has good repair effect on condylar bone defects. PRP injection combined with individualised comprehensive physical therapy can effectively control the medium‐ and long‐term pain of patients.
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have been widely used in agriculture, medicine, cosmetics, and foods, which are commonly prepared from chitin with chitinases. So far, while most COSs are prepared from ...colloidal chitin, chitinases used in preparing COSs directly from natural crystalline chitin are less reported. Here, we characterize three chitinases, which were identified from the marine bacterium
DSM 14401
, with an ability to degrade crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)
(
'-diacetylchitobiose). Strain DSM 14401 can degrade the crystalline α-chitin in the medium to provide nutrients for growth. Genome and secretome analyses indicate that this strain secretes six chitinolytic enzymes, among which chitinases Chia4287, Chib0431, and Chib0434 have higher abundance than the others, suggesting their importance in crystalline α-chitin degradation. These three chitinases were heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized. They are all active on crystalline α-chitin, with temperature optima of 45-50 °C and pH optima of 7.0-7.5. They are all stable at 40 °C and in the pH range of 5.0-11.0. Moreover, they all have excellent salt tolerance, retaining more than 92% activity after incubation in 5 M NaCl for 10 h at 4 °C. When acting on crystalline α-chitin, the main products of the three chitinases are all (GlcNAc)
, which suggests that chitinases Chia4287, Chib0431, and Chib0434 likely have potential in direct conversion of crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)
.
Under the background of the transformation of the main social contradictions and the new stage of improving the quality and efficiency of the economy, it is of great significance for the regional ...high-quality development to promote the inclusive green growth of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on SBM-Malmquist-Luenberger model, this paper measures the real performance of inclusive green growth of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and corresponding policy optimization suggestions are put forward.
Rationale
Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde belongs to the genus Macleaya of the Papaveraceae family. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are considered the main bioactive constituents of M. ...microcarpa.
Methods
Using high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/QTOFMS/MS) we identified BIAs in the aerial parts of M. microcarpa in the early flowering stage. Target profiling and identification of BIAs in the extracted samples from the fresh aerial parts of M. microcarpa were exclusively based on a personal, accurate, mass database of known compounds and the mass spectral fragmentation behavior of Macleaya alkaloids.
Results
A total of 97 alkaloids, comprising 7 benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines, 1aporphine, 9 tetraprotoberberines, 3 protoberberines, 2 N‐methyltetrahydroprotoberberines, 4 protopines, 47 dihydrobenzophenanthridines, and 24 benzophenanthridines, were identified from the fresh aerial parts of M. microcarpa, and 77 of these were detected for the first time in M. microcarpa. In addition, some of the screened alkaloids were related to the biosynthetic pathways of sanguinarine and chelerythrine.
Conclusions
The integrated method is sensitive and reliable for screening and identifying trace or ultra‐trace isoquinoline alkaloids and has contributed to a better understanding of BIAs in the fresh aerial parts of M. microcarpa.
Carbon cloth was functionalized through cyclic voltammetric scans in 2M H2SO4 to afford functionalized carbon cloth (FC). The FC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray ...photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Self-doped polyaniline (SPAN) was deposited on FC through electro-co-polymerization of aniline and metanilic acid to get SPAN/FC which showed a specific capacitance of 408Fg−1 in 0.5M Na2SO4, based on a constant charge–discharge experiment at a current density of 1Ag−1. A symmetric model capacitor, SPAN/FC-SPAN/FC was assembled by using SPAN/FC as both of the electrodes and 0.5M Na2SO4 as the electrolyte. The charge storage property and charge–discharge cycling stability of SPAN/FC-SPAN/FC were investigated by galvanostatic experiment.
The present paper describes a novel two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system, which is comprised of a first-dimensional ion exchange chromatography (IEX1) column, trap column, and ...second-dimensional reversed-phase chromatography (RP2) column system. The biological sample is separated by the first-dimensional LC using an IEX column to remove interferences. The analytes are transferred to the trap column after heart-cutting. Then, the analytes are transferred to the second-dimensional LC using an RP2 column for further separation and ultraviolet detection. This 2D-LC system can offer a large injection volume to provide sufficient sensitivity and exhibits a strong capacity for removing interferences. Here, the determination of three monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs; gelsemine, koumine, and humantenmine) from
Gelsemium
in biological matrices (plasma, tissue, and urine) was used this 2D-LC system. After a rapid and easy sample preparation method based on protein precipitation, the sample was injected into the 2D-LC. The method was developed and validated in terms of the selectivity, LOD, LOQ, linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability. The sample preparation time for the three MIAs was 15 min. The LOD for these compounds was 10 ng/mL, which was lower than the developed HPLC methods. The results showed that this method had good quantitation performance and allowed the determination of gelsemine, koumine, and humantenmine in biological matrices. The method is rapid, exhibits high selectivity, has good sensitivity, and is low-cost, thus making it well-suited for application in the pharmaceutical and toxicological analysis of
Gelsemium
.
Graphical abstract
Factors in sound change are still a major subject of debate in the field of linguistics, with the frequency factor perhaps being the most controversial. The present article focuses on palatalization ...of the velars before high front vowels and glides in Northern Mandarin, because palatalization stretched for more than 100 years and can provide detailed information concerning its contour. Based on a statistical analysis of corpus data of palatalization in Northern Mandarin, the present article argues that the factor of frequency is positively associated with palatalization and the factor of frequency change is negatively associated. Morphosyntactic structure and word class are also claimed to be factors in sound change. However, neither of these two factors has emerged as significant in the current study.
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