Phase change memory (PCM) is an emerging non‐volatile data storage technology concerned by the semiconductor industry. To improve the performances, previous efforts have mainly focused on partially ...replacing or doping elements in the flagship Ge‐Sb‐Te (GST) alloy based on experimental “trial‐and‐error” methods. Here, the current largest scale PCM materials searching is reported, starting with 124 515 candidate materials, using a rational high‐throughput screening strategy consisting of criteria related to PCM characteristics. In the results, there are 158 candidates screened for PCM materials, of which ≈68% are not employed. By further analyses, including cohesive energy, bond angle analyses, and Born effective charge, there are 52 materials with properties similar to the GST system, including Ge2Bi2Te5, GeAs4Te7, GeAs2Te4, so on and other candidates that have not been reported, such as TlBiTe2, TlSbTe2, CdPb3Se4, etc. Compared with GST, materials with close cohesive energy include AgBiTe2, TlSbTe2, As2Te3, TlBiTe2, etc., indicating possible low power consumption. Through further melt‐quenching molecular dynamic calculation and structural/electronic analyses, Ge2Bi2Te5, CdPb3Se4, MnBi2Te4, and TlBiTe2 are found suitable for optical/electrical PCM applications, which further verifies the effectiveness of this strategy. The present study will accelerate the exploration and development of advanced PCM materials for current and future big‐data applications.
Phase‐change memory (PCM) is a state‐of‐the‐art nonvolatile data memory technology depending on transitions between amorphous and crystalline phases of PCM materials. To explore advanced material candidates, the current largest scale material searching is carried out using a rational high‐throughput screening strategy consisting of criteria related to PCM characteristics. A series of unreported materials are found potentially suitable for PCM applications.
This paper proposes a generalized prediction system called a recurrent self-evolving fuzzy neural network (RSEFNN) that employs an on-line gradient descent learning rule to address the ...electroencephalography (EEG) regression problem in brain dynamics for driving fatigue. The cognitive states of drivers significantly affect driving safety; in particular, fatigue driving, or drowsy driving, endangers both the individual and the public. For this reason, the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that can identify drowsy driving states is a crucial and urgent topic of study. Many EEG-based BCIs have been developed as artificial auxiliary systems for use in various practical applications because of the benefits of measuring EEG signals. In the literature, the efficacy of EEG-based BCIs in recognition tasks has been limited by low resolutions. The system proposed in this paper represents the first attempt to use the recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) architecture to increase adaptability in realistic EEG applications to overcome this bottleneck. This paper further analyzes brain dynamics in a simulated car driving task in a virtual-reality environment. The proposed RSEFNN model is evaluated using the generalized cross-subject approach, and the results indicate that the RSEFNN is superior to competing models regardless of the use of recurrent or nonrecurrent structures.
Nonalcoholic fermentation could improve the organoleptic quality and functionality of fruit juice, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented fruit juice has been proven to be beneficial to human ...health. However, LAB exhibit strain specificity with different food matrices. In the present study, the effects of L. plantarum and L. acidophilus on the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and metabolomics of loquat juices were investigated. Both LAB strains fermentation could significantly enhance the antioxidant activity of loquat juice. L. acidophilus grows faster than L. plantarum in loquat juice, but L. plantarum fermentation more effectively increased the total flavonoid content. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis based on UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X/MS were performed to reveal the different metabolic profiles between LAB fermentation. A total of 776 metabolites were identified and annotated. The significant differentially regulated metabolites were concentrated mainly in lipids and lipid-like molecules; organic acids and derivatives; amino acids, peptides, and analogs; phenolic compounds and terpenoids. The regulation of metabolites plays a very important role in the flavor reconstruction and functional improvement of loquat juices. In addition, the metabolic profiles between L. plantarum- and L. acidophilus-fermented loquat juices were different, and the application of cofermentation of these two strains may be considered in future studies.
•L. plantarum and L. acidophilus were selected to prepared functional loquat juice.•Both strains fermentation could enhance the antioxidant activity of loquat juice.•L. acidophilus grows faster than L. plantarum in loquat juice fermentation.•L. plantarum fermentation more effectively increased the total flavonoid content.•Nontargeted metabolomics were used to reveal the differences of metabolic profiles.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of negatively regulating gene expression to control many cellular mechanisms. The miRTarBase database ...(http://mirtarbase.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/) provides the most current and comprehensive information of experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions. The database was launched in 2010 with data sources for >100 published studies in the identification of miRNA targets, molecular networks of miRNA targets and systems biology, and the current release (2013, version 4) includes significant expansions and enhancements over the initial release (2010, version 1). This article reports the current status of and recent improvements to the database, including (i) a 14-fold increase to miRNA-target interaction entries, (ii) a miRNA-target network, (iii) expression profile of miRNA and its target gene, (iv) miRNA target-associated diseases and (v) additional utilities including an upgrade reminder and an error reporting/user feedback system.
Efficient low-grade heat recovery can help to reduce greenhouse gas emission as over 70% of primary energy input is wasted as heat, but current technologies to fulfill the heat-to-electricity ...conversion are still far from optimum. Here we report a direct thermal charging cell, using asymmetric electrodes of a graphene oxide/platinum nanoparticles cathode and a polyaniline anode in Fe
/Fe
redox electrolyte via isothermal heating operation. When heated, the cell generates voltage via a temperature-induced pseudocapacitive effect of graphene oxide and a thermogalvanic effect of Fe
/Fe
, and then discharges continuously by oxidizing polyaniline and reducing Fe
under isothermal heating till Fe
depletion. The cell can be self-regenerated when cooled down. Direct thermal charging cells attain a temperature coefficient of 5.0 mV K
and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.8% at 70 °C (21.4% of Carnot efficiency) and 3.52% at 90 °C (19.7% of Carnot efficiency), outperforming other thermoelectrochemical and thermoelectric systems.
Fluorinated aziridines are very important structural motifs, but methods access to such structures are still very rare. In this paper, we report a mild, catalyst‐free and operationally simple ...strategy for the direct aminofluoroalkylation of olefins driven by the noncovalent interaction between N‐allylanilines and fluoroalkyl iodides. This photochemical transformation features synthetic simplicity, mild reaction conditions, without the use of any photoredox catalyst, and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, the structures can be used as important precursors for the synthesis of β‐fluoroalkylated alkylamine derivatives, such as fluorinated amino acids and fluorinated 2‐pyrrolidinones.
Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, 10 severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled ...prospectively. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 d after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 d. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 d. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pretransfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65 × 109/L vs. 0.76 × 109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 d. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials.
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was a crucial pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and renal tubular injury might associate with abnormal mitophagy. In this study, we investigated the ...effects and molecular mechanisms of AMPK agonist metformin on mitophagy and cellular injury in renal tubular cell under diabetic condition. The high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice model and HK-2 cells were used in this study. Metformin was administered in the drinking water (200 mg/kg/d) for 24 weeks. Renal tubulointerstitial lesions, oxidative stress and some indicators of mitophagy (e.g., LC3II, Pink1, and Parkin) were examined both in renal tissue and HK-2 cells. Additionally, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) and Pink1 siRNA were applied to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of metformin on mitophagy. We found that the expression of p-AMPK, Pink1, Parkin, LC3II, and Atg5 in renal tissue of diabetic mice was decreased obviously. Metformin reduced the levels of serum creatinine, urine protein, and attenuated renal oxidative injury and fibrosis in HFD/STZ induced diabetic mice. In addition, Metformin reversed mitophagy dysfunction and the over-expression of NLRP3. In vitro pretreatment of HK-2 cells with AMPK inhibitor compound C or Pink1 siRNA negated the beneficial effects of metformin. Furthermore, we noted that metformin activated p-AMPK and promoted the translocation of Pink1 from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, then promoted the occurrence of mitophagy in HK-2 cells under HG/HFA ambience. Our results suggested for the first time that AMPK agonist metformin ameliorated renal oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice via activating mitophagy through a p-AMPK-Pink1-Parkin pathway.
A
bstract
We compute all 2 → 5 gluon scattering amplitudes in planar
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory in the multi-Regge limit that is sensitive to the non-trivial (“long”) Regge cut. We provide the ...amplitudes through four loops and to all logarithmic accuracy at leading power, in terms of single-valued multiple polylogarithms of two variables. To obtain these results, we leverage the function-level results for the amplitudes in the Steinmann cluster bootstrap. To high powers in the series expansion in the two variables, our results agree with the recently conjectured all-order
central emission vertex
used in the Fourier-Mellin representation of amplitudes in multi-Regge kinematics. Our results therefore provide a resummation of the Fourier-Mellin residues into single-valued polylogarithms, and constitute an important cross-check between the bootstrap approach and the all-orders multi-Regge proposal.
To explore the mechanistic origin that determines the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), we constructed the homology ...models of RBD-ACE2 complexes of four Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3 and BA.4/5), and compared them with wild type complex (RBD
-ACE2) in terms of various structural dynamic properties by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy (BFE) calculations. The results of MD simulations suggest that the RBDs of all the Omicron subvariants (RBD
s) feature increased global structural fluctuations when compared with RBD
. Detailed comparison of BFE components reveals that the enhanced electrostatic attractive interactions are the main determinant of the higher ACE2-binding affinity of RBD
s than RBD
, while the weakened electrostatic attractive interactions determine RBD of BA.4/5 subvariant (RBD
) lowest ACE2-binding affinity among all Omicron subvariants. The per-residue BFE decompositions and the hydrogen bond (HB) networks analyses indicate that the enhanced electrostatic attractive interactions are mainly through gain/loss of the positively/negatively charged residues, and the formation or destruction of the interfacial HBs and salt bridges can also largely affect the ACE2-binding affinity of RBD. It is worth pointing out that since Q493R plays the most important positive contribution in enhancing binding affinity, the absence of this mutation in RBD
results in a significantly weaker binding affinity to ACE2 than other Omicron subvariants. Our results provide insight into the role of electrostatic interactions in determining of the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to human ACE2.
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