In inertial confinement fusion, quantitative and high-spatial resolution (Formula: see textm) measurements of the X-rays self-emitted by the hotspot are critical for studying the physical processes ...of the implosion stagnation stage. Herein, the 8 ± 0.39-keV monochromatic X-ray distribution from the entire hotspot is quantitatively observed in 5-Formula: see textm spatial resolution using a Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope, with impacts from the responses of the diagnosis system removed, for the first time, in implosion experiments at the 100 kJ laser facility in China. Two-dimensional calculations along with 2.5% P2 drive asymmetry and 0.3 ablator self-emission are congruent with the experimental results, especially for the photon number distribution, hotspot profile, and neutron yield. Theoretical calculations enabled a better understanding of the experimental results. Furthermore, the origins of the 17.81% contour profile of the deuterium-deuterium hotspot and the accurate Gaussian source approximation of the core emission area in the implosion capsule are clarified in detail. This work is significant for quantitatively exploring the physical conditions of the hotspot and updating the theoretical model of capsule implosion.
Background As a bioactive metabolite preparation widely used in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponins injections (PNSI) in patients with AIS after ...intravenous thrombolysis remain to be evaluated. Methods This study included randomized controlled trials published before 26 April 2024 in 8 databases. AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis were included. The control group receiving conventional treatment and the treatment group receiving additional PNSI. Primary outcomes were selected as mortality, disability, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were selected as all-cause mortality, improvement of neurological deficit, quality of life, and cerebral injury indicators. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess risk of bias. Risk ratio (RR) and mean differences (MD) were calculated for binary variables and continuous variables, respectively, based on a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 20 trials involving 1,856 participants were included. None of them reported mortality or disability. There was no significant difference in the adverse events RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.81 and hemorrhagic transformation RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.36 to 2.70 between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the treatment group had a better effect in neurological improvement assessed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale MD: −2.91; 95% CI: −4.76 to −1.06, a better effect in activities of daily living changes in Barthel Index MD: 9.37; 95% CI: 1.86 to 16.88, and a lower serum neuron-specific enolase level MD: −2.08; 95% CI: −2.67 to −1.49. Conclusion For AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis, the use of PNSI improved neurological deficits and enhanced activity of daily living in the short term without increasing the occurrence rate of adverse events. However, due to the moderate to very low certainty of evidence, it is advisable to conduct high-quality clinical trials to validate the findings of this study. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=466851 , Identifier CRD42023466851
The evaluation of structural crashworthiness is important for the development of civil aircraft. In this study, cargo luggage was considered in the vertical drop simulation of an aircraft ...mid-fuselage section. First, quasi-static compression tests on three types of luggage made of different materials were conducted. Then, a finite element model (FEM) of the cargo luggage was developed with a crushable foam material in LS-PrePost4.5 software. The finite element analysis results of the luggage made of different materials were consistent with the corresponding compression experiments. Secondly, the FEM of the mid-fuselage section was established without cargo luggage. The simulated displacement and acceleration of the fuselage section were consistent with the test results. Finally, the influences of cargo luggage on the fuselage vertical drop response were studied with the FEM considering both the fuselage structure and cargo luggage. Compared with the responses of the fuselage without cargo luggage, the cargo luggage could reduce the deformation of the cargo bay and maintain the integrity of the passenger living space in the cabin at the vertical velocity of 6 m/s, even though the initial kinetic energy was higher.
In an experiment performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, collective Thomson scattering (TS) is used to study the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a ...gas-filled hohlraum by detecting the SBS-driven ion acoustic wave. High-quality time-resolved SBS and TS spectra are obtained simultaneously in the experiment, and these are analyzed by a steady-state code based on the ray-tracing model. The analysis indicates that ion–ion collisions may play an important role in suppressing SBS growth in the Au plasma; as a result, the SBS excited in the filled gas region is dominant. In the early phase of the laser pulse, SBS originates primarily from the high-density plasma at the edges of the interaction beam channel, which is piled up by the heating of the interaction beam. Throughout the duration of the laser pulse, the presence of the TS probe beam might mitigate SBS by perturbing the density distribution around the region overlapping with the interaction beam.
In order to study the laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) in the context of some novel six-side laser-driven indirect designs like the six-cylinder-port hohlraum and the three-axis cylindrical ...hohlraum, where the laser beams inject in hohlraum with a large angle. LPI experiments in cylindrical hohlraum with only outer beams were designed and performed based on the current laser arrangement condition of SGIII laser facility for the first time. Stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBS) was found to be the dominant instability with high instantaneous reflectivity in experiments. A typical feature was obtained in the time-resolved spectra of SBS, which maintained similar for different laser intensities of the interaction beam. The experimental data are analyzed by the hydrodynamic simulations combined with HLIP code, which is based on the ray-tracing model. By analysis of experimental data, it is argued that the mixture of gas and Au in the region of their interface is important to SBS, which indicates the need for the mixture model between the filled gas and the high Z plasma from hohlraum wall in the hydrodynamic simulations. Nonlinear saturation of SBS as well as the smoothed beam are also discussed here. Our effective considerations of the ions pervasion effect and the smoothed beam provide utilitarian ways for improvement of the current ray-tracing method.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease development have not been elucidated, and the current popular ...anti-diabetic approaches still have non-negligible limitations. In the last decades, several different DM models were established on the classic model animal, the fruit fly (
Drosophila melanogaster
), which provided a convenient way to study the mechanisms underlying diabetes and to discover and evaluate new anti-diabetic compounds. In this article, we introduce the
Drosophila
Diabetes model from three aspects, including signal pathways, established methods, and pharmacodynamic evaluations. As a highlight, the progress in the treatments and experimental studies of diabetes with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) based on the
Drosophila
Diabetes model is reviewed. We believe that the values of TCMs are underrated in DM management, and the
Drosophila
Diabetes models can provide a much more efficient tool to explore its values of it.
We report experimental research on laser plasma interaction (LPI) conducted in Shenguang laser facilities during the past ten years. The research generally consists of three phases: (1) developing ...platforms for LPI research in mm-scale plasma with limited drive energy, where both gasbag and gas-filled hohlraum targets are tested; (2) studying the effects of beam-smoothing techniques, such as continuous phase plate and polarization smoothing, on the suppression of LPI; and (3) exploring the factors affecting LPI in integrated implosion experiments, which include the laser intensity, gas-fill pressure, size of the laser-entrance hole, and interplay between different beam cones. Results obtained in each phase will be presented and discussed in detail.
Ginkgo biloba is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from the Ginkgophyta and is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. Clinical trials have demonstrated the ...clinical benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) preparations for patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).
The efficacy of different GBE preparations in treating UAP may vary, leading to a lack of guidance for physicians when choosing GBE preparations. How to make choices among different GBE preparations is a topic worthy of investigation. In order to clarify the efficacy differences among different GBE preparations, provide a reference for their optimal use conditions, this study was conducted.
This study included literature from eight databases from inception to November 2023. It included UAP patients, with the control group receiving conventional treatment and the treatment group receiving different GBE preparations in addition to conventional treatment. Angina efficacy, electrocardiogram (ECG) improvement, and frequency of angina were chosen as outcomes. This study employed a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve was used for estimating the efficacy ranking.
A total of 98 studies involving 9513 patients and 9 interventions were included. Compared with conventional treatment, GBE preparations combined with conventional treatment had better efficacy in angina symptoms and ECG improvement. According to the SUCRA ranking, Shuxuening injection was most effective in improving angina symptoms and reducing the frequency of angina. Among oral GBE preparations, Ginkgo tablets had the best performance in improving angina symptoms and ECG manifestations, and reducing the frequency of angina. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the treatment group and the control group, and all adverse events were mild and self-limiting. Compared with oral preparations, the incidence of adverse events for injections was higher.
GBE preparations may alleviate angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in the treatment of UAP with favorable safety. Shuxuening injection may be the most effective among all GBE preparations in improving angina symptoms, while Ginkgo tablets may perform best among oral formulations. The optimal use of GBE injection may be for rapidly alleviating angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in patients with UAP, and oral formulation of GBE may be more suitable for the long-term treatment of patients with milder symptoms.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022361487, ID: CRD42022361487.
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Objective. This study is aimed at analyzing the molecular mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Granule (XFBDG) in the treatment of intestinal flora disorder based on network pharmacology. Methods. The TCMSP ...database was used to obtain the active components and target proteins of XFBDG, while the GeneCards database was used to obtain the related proteins of intestinal flora disorder. The Rx64 4.0.2 software was used to analyze the GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment of drug component target protein and disease-related protein to obtain the pathway-enriched proteins and screen the core proteins for topology analysis of the pathway target by using the STRING database and Cytoscape v3.8.2 software. The Cytoscape v3.8.2 software was used to analyze the relationship between each component and enriched protein, and the AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking of core proteins and components. Results. XFBDG contains 133 active components that can act on 249 proteins related to intestinal flora disorder. The effects include the following: (i) regulation of functions—the response to drug, cellular response to chemical stress, response to oxidative stress, and RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding and (ii) regulation of signaling pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and Th17 cell differentiation pathway. The enriched core proteins in these pathways are IFNG, IL4, PTGS2, JUN, and IL1B that set in a higher level of binding with the corresponding drug components. Conclusion. XFBDG can act on IFNG, IL4, PTGS2, JUN, and IL1B proteins through its active components such as quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol to regulate the IL-17, TNF, and Th17 cell differentiation pathways and further regulate the response to drug, cellular response to chemical stress, response to oxidative stress, and RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding. In addition, owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and related immune responses, XFBDG can achieve a balance of intestinal flora and microbial metabolism.
Dragon's Blood is a red resin from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Yunnan, China). As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, it has shown protective effects on intestinal disorders. ...Microgravity could alter intestinal homeostasis. However, the potential herbal drugs for preventing intestine epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction under microgravity are not available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dragon's Blood (DB) on microgravity-induced IEB injury and explore its underlying mechanism. A rat tail-suspension model was used to simulate microgravity (SMG). Histomorphology, ultrastructure, permeability, and expression of junction proteins in jejunum, ileum, and colon of SMG rats were determined. Proteomic analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in rat ileum mucosa altered by DB. The potential mechanism of DB to protect IEB dysfunction was validated by western blotting. The effects of several components in DB were evaluated in SMG-treated Caco-2 cells. DB protected against IEB disruption by repairing microvilli and crypts, inhibiting inflammatory factors, lowering the permeability and upregulating the expression of tight and adherens junction proteins in the ileum of SMG rats. Proteomic analysis showed that DB regulated 1080 DEPs in rat ileum mucosa. DEPs were significantly annotated in cell-cell adhesion, focal adhesion, and cytoskeleton regulation. DB increased the expression of Rac1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 pathway proteins and F-actin to G-actin ratio, which promoted the formation of focal adhesions. Loureirin C in DB showed a protective effect on epithelial barrier injury in SMG-treated Caco-2 cells. DB could protect against IEB dysfunction induced by SMG, and its mechanism is associated with the formation of focal adhesions mediated by the Rac1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 pathway, which benefits intestinal epithelial cell migration and barrier repair.
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