Among the key components of a smart grid, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has become the preferred target for network intrusion due to its bidirectional communication and Internet connection. ...Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) can monitor abnormal information in the AMI network, so they are an important means by which to solve network intrusion. However, the existing methods exhibit a poor ability to detect intrusions in AMI, because they cannot comprehensively consider the temporal and global characteristics of intrusion information. To solve these problems, an AMI intrusion detection model based on the cross-layer feature fusion of a convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks is proposed in the present work. The model is composed of CNN and LSTM components connected in the form of a cross-layer; the CNN component recognizes regional features to obtain global features, while the LSTM component obtain periodic features by memory function. The two types of features are aggregated to obtain comprehensive features with multi-domain characteristics, which can more accurately identify intrusion information in AMI. Experiments based on the KDD Cup 99 and NSL-KDD datasets demonstrate that the proposed cross-layer feature-fusion CNN-LSTM model is superior to other existing methods.
A pure shear mechanical model of low gear of six-degree-of-freedom two-speed transmission system is established by using lumped parameter method. The Runge-Kutta method is used to numerically solve ...the aforementioned nonlinear system. The variation of transmission error between gears is analyzed by using global bifurcation, time domain diagram, phase diagram and Poincare cross section. Moreover, the transfer error bifurcation characteristics of the solar wheel and the first planetary wheel under different gear moduli are investigated. The results show that: by taking the excitation frequency as the control parameter, the system includes period-1 motion, period-2 motion, quasi-periodic motion, multiperiodic motion, and chaotic motion. With the increase of gear modulus, the system mainly presents chaotic motion in the medium frequency range (0.5<ωh≤2). It shows stable period-1 motion in the high frequency range (2<ωh≤3), and the higher the modulus, the wider the high frequency range of period-1 motion. The research results can provide reference for the design and optimization of this kind of two-speed transmission system in the future.
The effect of modified biochar on the greenhouse gas emission in soil is not clear until now. In this study, biochar (BC) was modified by phosphoric acid (P) and further combined with ...nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) to form nZVI-P-BC composite. The P modified biochar could significantly increase the available phosphorus in soil. The release of CO2 and N2O in soil was inhibited during the initial stage of the experiment, with inhibition becoming more obvious over time. On the contrary, CH4 and N2O emission in soil was enhanced by nZVI-P-BC composite. The proportion of Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas were the most abundant bacterial species, which were related to the metabolism and transformation of nitrogen. The community structure of the fungus was also affected by nZVI-P-BC composite with Fusarium as the main species. PCoA analysis result suggested that bacterial community was more affected by the incubation time while fungal community was more related to the addition of different biochar and modified biochars.
Display omitted
•P modified biochar and nZVI biochar composite was developed.•P modified biochar can increase the available P in soil.•The CO2 and N2O emission were mitigated by P modified biochar.•The CH4 emission was enhanced by nZVI-BC composite in soil.•Microbial community was affected by both incubation time and biochar addition.
Capsule: P modification of biochar enhanced the stability and further developed nZVI-P-BC composite inhibited greenhouse gas emission in soil.
Molecular targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed markedly. Although sorafenib was used in clinical practice as the first molecular targeted agent in 2007, the SHARPE ...and Asian-Pacific trials demonstrated that sorafenib only improved overall survival (OS) by approximately 3 months in patients with advanced HCC compared with placebo. Molecular targeted agents were developed during the 10-year period from 2007 to 2016, but every test of these agents from phase II or phase III clinical trial failed due to a low response rate and high toxicity. In the 2 years after, 2017 through 2018, four successful novel drugs emerged from clinical trials for clinical use. As recommended by updated Barcelona Clinical Liver cancer (BCLC) treatment algorithms, lenvatinib is now feasible as an alternative to sorafenib as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab are appropriate supplements for sorafenib as second-line treatment for patients with advanced HCC who are resistant, show progression or do not tolerate sorafenib. In addition, with promising outcomes in phase II trials, immune PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been applied for HCC treatment. Despite phase III trials for nivolumab and pembrolizumab, the primary endpoints of improved OS were not statistically significant, immune PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint therapy remains to be further investigated. This review summarizes the development and progression of molecular targeted and immune-based checkpoint therapies in HCC.
The fear responses to environmental threats play a fundamental role in survival. Little is known about the neural circuits specifically processing threat-relevant sensory information in the mammalian ...brain. We identified parvalbumin-positive (PV+) excitatory projection neurons in mouse superior colliculus (SC) as a key neuronal subtype for detecting looming objects and triggering fear responses. These neurons, distributed predominantly in the superficial SC, divergently projected to different brain areas, including the parabigeminal nucleus (PBGN), an intermediate station leading to the amygdala. Activation of the PV+ SC-PBGN pathway triggered fear responses, induced conditioned aversion, and caused depression-related behaviors. Approximately 20% of mice subjected to the fear-conditioning paradigm developed a generalized fear memory.
Unsupervised heterogeneous face translation requires obtaining heterogeneous images with the same identities at training time, limiting the use in unconstrained real‐world scenarios. Taking a step ...further towards unconstrained heterogeneous face translation, the authors explore unsupervised zero‐shot heterogeneous face translation for the first time, which is expected to synthesize images that resemble the style of target images and whose identities in the source domain have been preserved but never seen in the target domain during training. Essentially, asymmetry between heterogeneous faces under the zero‐shot setting further exacerbates the distortion and blurring of the translated images. The authors therefore propose a novel frequency‐structure‐guided regularization, which can jointly encourage to capture detailed textures and maintain identity consistency. Through extensive experimental validation and comparisons to several baseline methods on benchmark datasets, the authors verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Unsupervised heterogeneous face translation requires obtaining heterogeneous images with the same identities at training time, limiting the use in unconstrained real‐world scenarios. Taking a step further towards unconstrained heterogeneous face translation, the authors explore unsupervised zero‐shot heterogeneous face translation for the first time, which is expected to synthesize images that resemble the style of target images and whose identities in the source domain have been preserved but never seen in the target domain during training. The authors therefore propose a novel frequency‐structure‐guided regularization, which can jointly encourage to capture detailed textures and maintain identity consistency.
Previous research suggested that people with attractive voices had an advantage in economic games, even if the voices were only presented for 400 ms. The present study investigated the influence of ...voice attractiveness on the cooperative trust behavior with longer exposure times to the voices. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the feedback outcome evaluation. Participants heard a voice of the partner for 2,040 ms and decided whether to invest to the partner for a possibility to gain more money. The results showed that participants made more invest choices to the attractive partners, replicating the “beauty premium” effect of the attractive voices. Moreover, participants were more likely to invest to male partners. The ERP analysis for the outcome showed that the difference waves of feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude were smaller in the attractive voice condition than in the unattractive voice condition, suggesting that the rewarding effect of attractive voices weakened the frustrating feelings of the loss. In sum, the present study confirms that attractive voices with longer presentation durations facilitate cooperative behavior and modulate the processing of feedback evaluations.
Re-excision due to positive margins following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) negatively affects patient outcomes and healthcare costs. The inability to visualize margin involvement is a significant ...challenge in BCS. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA HCl), a non-fluorescent oral prodrug, causes intracellular accumulation of fluorescent porphyrins in cancer cells. This single-center Phase II randomized controlled trial evaluated the safety, feasibility, and diagnostic accuracy of a prototype handheld fluorescence imaging device plus 5-ALA for intraoperative visualization of invasive breast carcinomas during BCS.
Fifty-four patients were enrolled and randomized to receive no 5-ALA or oral 5-ALA HCl (15 or 30 mg/kg). Forty-five patients (n = 15/group) were included in the analysis. Fluorescence imaging of the excised surgical specimen was performed, and biopsies were collected from within and outside the clinically demarcated tumor border of the gross specimen for blinded histopathology.
In the absence of 5-ALA, tissue autofluorescence imaging lacked tumor-specific fluorescent contrast. Both 5-ALA doses caused bright red tumor fluorescence, with improved visualization of tumor contrasted against normal tissue autofluorescence. In the 15 mg/kg 5-ALA group, the positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting breast cancer inside and outside the grossly demarcated tumor border was 100.0% and 55.6%, respectively. In the 30 mg/kg 5-ALA group, the PPV was 100.0% and 50.0% inside and outside the demarcated tumor border, respectively. No adverse events were observed, and clinical feasibility of this imaging device-5-ALA combination approach was confirmed.
This is the first known clinical report of visualization of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence in invasive breast carcinoma using a real-time handheld intraoperative fluorescence imaging device.
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01837225 . Registered 23 April 2013.
Glyphosate (GLY) induces developmental toxicity in fish, but research on the toxicity mechanism is limited. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed for 120 hpf to 0.7, 7, and 35 mg L-1 GLY. The ...results show that GLY treatment induced developmental toxicity in the fish, including premature hatching, reduced heartbeats, pericardial and yolk sac oedema, swim bladder deficiency, and shortened body length, which was possibly due to a significantly decreased triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio and the abnormal expression patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) (crh, tshβ, tr α, tr β, and t tr ) and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis-related genes (gh, ghrα, ghrβ, igf1, igf1rα, and igf1rβ) in larvae exposed to GLY. In addition, GLY exposure altered the levels of SOD and CAT, increased ROS, promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and significantly altered the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling pathway factors (perk, eif2α, gadd34, atf4, ire1α, xbp1, atf6, hspa5, and chop), suggesting that GLY treatment induced oxidative injury and ER stress in the larvae. Further research showed that treatment with a higher concentration of GLY upregulated the levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α while inhibiting the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β, suggesting that GLY causes an inflammatory reaction in the larvae. In addition, we also found that apoptosis was induced in the larvae, which was determined by acridine orange staining and abnormal expression of p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GLY exposure altered the T3/T4 ratio, disturbed the expression patterns of HPT and GH/IGF axis-related genes, and induced oxidative and ER stress, inflammatory reactions, and apoptosis in the zebrafish larvae. This investigation contributes to improved understanding of the developmental toxicity mechanism of GLY in fish.
Display omitted
•Glyphosate induced developmental toxicity to zebrafish.•HPT and GH/IGF axis are involved in the toxicity of GLY exposure.•GLY induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in fish larvae.•Exposure to GLY caused inflammatory response and apoptosis in fish.
PDF
