Cold nuclear fusion Tsyganov, E.N.; Bavizhev, M.D.; Buryakov, M.G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms,
07/2015, Letnik:
355
Journal Article
Recenzirano
If target deuterium atoms were implanted in a metal crystal in accelerator experiments, a sharp increase in the probability of DD-fusion reaction was clearly observed when compared with the ...reaction’s theoretical value. The electronic screening potential, which for a collision of free deuterium atoms is about 27eV, reached 300–700eV in the case of the DD-fusion in metallic crystals. These data leads to the conclusion that a ban must exist for deuterium atoms to be in the ground state 1s in a niche filled with free conduction electrons. At the same time, the state 2p whose energy level is only 10eV above that of state 1s is allowed in these conditions. With anisotropy of 2p, 3p or above orbitals, their spatial positions are strictly determined in the lattice coordinate system. When filling out the same potential niches with two deuterium atoms in the states 2p, 3p or higher, the nuclei of these atoms can be permanently positioned without creating much Coulomb repulsion at a very short distance from each other. In this case, the transparency of the potential barrier increases dramatically compared to the ground state 1s for these atoms. The probability of the deuterium nuclei penetrating the Coulomb barrier by zero quantum vibration of the DD-system also increases dramatically. The so-called cold nuclear DD-fusion for a number of years was registered in many experiments, however, was still rejected by mainstream science for allegedly having no consistent scientific explanation. Finally, it received the validation. Below, we outline the concept of this explanation and give the necessary calculations. This paper also considers the further destiny of the formed intermediate state of 4He∗.
Two fast interaction trigger systems based on fast detectors with MCP-PMTs and SiPMs readout have been developed for fixed target experiment Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron and collider experiment ...Multi-Purpose Detector at Laboratory of High Energy Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. These detectors provide the effective L0 trigger for nucleus–nucleus collisions and the start pulse T0 for TOF detectors with picosecond time resolution. Important requirement to the detectors is good operation in a strong magnetic field.
•L0 trigger systems for heavy ion experiments at JINR are described.•The MCP-PMTs and SiPMs are used for readout in Cherenkov and scintillation detectors.•The detectors operate in a strong magnetic field.•T0 pulse with picosecond time resolution is produced for TOF detectors.
A new specialized MPD Test Beam setup was mounted at the extracted beam of the Nuclotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research to carry out methodical research and test detectors produced for ...the MPD experiment at the NICA accelerating facility. The setup is described in detail. The results of the testing of fast detectors for the MPD time-of-flight system are presented as an example of the operation of the setup.
A conceptual design for a multipurpose detector (MPD) 1 is proposed for the study of hot and dense barony matter in collisions of heavy ions over the atomic mass range
A
= 1–197 at center-of-mass ...energies of up to 11 GeV (for Au
79+
). The MPD experiment is scheduled to be performed at a future JINR accelerator complex facility for heavy ions, the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICA), which is designed to reach the required parameters with an average luminosity of
L
= 10
29
cm
−2
s
−1
. Identification of charged hadrons (PIDs) at intermediate momenta (0.1–2 GeV/c) is achieved via time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. As a base element of the TOF detector, we consider a 10 gap MRPC with a strip or pad readout. Results from an MRCP prototype test are presented.
Identification of particles generated by ion collisions in the NICA collider is one of the basic functions of the Multipurpose Detector (MPD). The main means of identification in MPD are the ...time-of-flight system (TOF) and the time-projection chamber (TPC). The article considers the optimization of the algorithms of particles identification by these systems. Under certain conditions, the use of the statistical Bayesian approach has made it possible to achieve an optimal ratio of the efficiency of particle identification and contamination by incorrectly defined particles.
Heparin therapy and prophylaxis may be accompanied by bleeding and thrombotic complications due to individual responses to treatment. Dosage control based on standard laboratory assays poorly ...reflects the effect of the therapy. The aim of our work was to compare the heparin sensitivity of new thrombodynamics (TD) assay with sensitivity of other standard and global coagulation tests available to date.
A total of 296 patients with high risk of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis (DVT), early postoperative period, hemoblastosis) were enrolled in the study. We used a case-crossover design to evaluate the sensitivity of new thrombodynamics assay (TD) to the hemostatic state before and after unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) therapy/prophylaxis and to compare it with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anti-Xa activity test, thrombin generation test (TGT) and thromboelastography (TEG). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate changes before and after heparin prophylaxis and therapy. Blood was sampled before heparin injection, at the time of maximal blood heparin concentration and before the next injection.
Hypercoagulation before the start of heparin treatment was detected by TD, TGT and TEG but not by APTT. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was maximal for TD and anti-Xa, intermediate for TGT and TEG and minimal for APTT.
These results indicate that TD has a high sensitivity to the effects of UFH and LMWH after both prophylactic and therapeutic regimes and may be used for heparin monitoring.
Two-proton decay is discussed in a number of light isobaric multiplets. For the lightest two-proton emitter, 6Be, the momentum correlations between the three decay products were measured and found to ...be consistent with quantum-mechanical three-cluster-model calculations. Two-proton decay was also found for two members of the A=8 and A=11 quintets. Finally, a third member of the A=11 sextet, the double isobaric analog of the halo nucleus 11Li in 11B was observed by its two-proton decay.
Two modular Cherenkov detectors FFD and T0 are developed for MPD and BM@N projects at LHEP/JINR for study of Au + Au collisions. The aim of the detectors is production of a start signal for a TOF ...detector and an effective L0 trigger for the collisions. The detector module design, characteristics, and results of tests with a deuteron beam are discussed. The time resolution of the modules for a single high energy photon or charged hadron is σ
t
≈ 21–31 ps and it depends on method and electronics used.
Concept of a fast forward detector (FFD) developed as part of Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) setup for future experiments with beams of nuclear collider NICA is described. The FFD is aimed at ...triggering nucleus-nucleus collisions at the center of the MPD setup and generating start pulse for TOF detector. Two units of the detector module were designed, produced, and tested with cosmic rays and proton beam. The time resolution obtained in the measurements is ∼30 ps (sigma). Results of simulation, prototype developing and experimental tests are discussed.
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