Od 2010. godine strukovno obrazovanje medicinskih sestara / medicinskih tehničara prilagođeno je Direktivi Europske unije zbog čega je uveden novi petogodišnji kurikulum. Kurikulum obuhvaća ...općeobrazovni dio (prve dvije godine srednje škole) te strukovni dio od trećeg do petog razreda u kojem najveći udio čine predmeti zdravstvene njege, odnosno sestrinske skrbi. Do 2021. godine izdani su udžbenici za sve obvezne strukovne predmete, a za neke postoji mogućnost izbora između dvaju udžbenika. Cilj ovog rada bio je učiniti analizu onih strukovnih udžbenika kojima su autorice medicinske sestre, odnosno udžbenika onih predmeta koje mogu poučavati nastavnici zdravstvene njege. Analizirano je dvadeset i osam udžbenika koji se koriste u Republici Hrvatskoj te je učinjena usporedba s trima udžbenicima s anglosaksonskog područja. Iako većina udžbenika ima sličan didaktički instrumentarij, istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je 55% korištenih referenci starije deset godina od godine izdanja, što predstavlja značajno kvalitativno obilježje udžbenika ove discipline. Na temelju rezultata ovog istraživanja izrađene su preporuke za uređivanje budućih udžbenika za obrazovanje medicinskih sestara / medicinskih tehničara.
Since 2010, the education of nurses in Republic of Croatia has been adapted to the European Union Directive, which is why a new five-year curriculum was introduced. The curriculum includes a general education part (the first two years of high school), and a vocational part from the third to the fifth grade, in which the largest share is made up of nursing care subjects. In 2021, there are textbooks for all compulsory subjects, and for some there is a possibility of choosing between two textbooks. The aim of this paper was to analyse those textbooks authored by nurses, that is, for those subjects that can be taught by nursing teachers. 28 textbooks were analysed and compared with three textbooks from the United States of America. Although most textbooks have similar didactic tools, research has determined that 55% of the references used are 10 years older than the year of publication, which is a significant qualitative characteristic of textbooks in this discipline. Based on the results of this research, recommendations were made for editing textbooks for nursing education in the future.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent, multifaceted inflammatory condition affecting the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, frequently accompanied by formation of nasal polyps (CRSwNP). ...This apparently uniform clinical entity is preceded by heterogeneous changes in cellular and molecular patterns, suggesting the presence of multiple CRS endotypes and a diverse etiology. Alterations of the upper airway innate defense mechanisms, including antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity, have been implicated in CRSwNP etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA expression patterns of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), and innate immune system defense players, namely the bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family A, member 1 (BPIFA1) and PACAP family members, particularly adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor 1 (ADCYAP1) in nasal mucosa and nasal polyps from CRSwNP patients. Additional stratification based on age, sex, allergic comorbidity, and disease severity was applied. The results showed that ADCYAP1, BPIFA1, and PRDX2 transcripts are differentially expressed in nasal mucosa and scale with radiologically assessed disease severity in CRSwNP patients. Sinonasal transcriptome is not associated with age, sex, and smoking in CRSwNP. Surgical and postoperative corticosteroid (CS) therapy improves endoscopic appearance of the mucosa, but variably reverses target gene expression patterns in the nasal cavity of CRSwNP patients. Transcriptional cross-correlations analysis revealed an increased level of connectedness among differentially expressed genes under inflammatory conditions and restoration of basic network following CS treatment. Although results of the present study imply a possible engagement of ADCYAP1 and BPIFA1 as biomarkers for CRSwNP, a more profound study taking into account disease severity and CRSwNP endotypes prior to the treatment would provide additional information on their sensitivity.
The use of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) in urine as a marker of cardiac damage in children has not yet been reported. Elimination of cardiac troponins is dependent on renal function; ...persistently increased serum hsTnT concentrations were observed among individuals with impaired renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate serum and urine hsTnT levels and its correlation in infants and children younger than 24 months of age after cardiac surgery.BackgroundThe use of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) in urine as a marker of cardiac damage in children has not yet been reported. Elimination of cardiac troponins is dependent on renal function; persistently increased serum hsTnT concentrations were observed among individuals with impaired renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate serum and urine hsTnT levels and its correlation in infants and children younger than 24 months of age after cardiac surgery.This study was conducted on 90 infants and children under 24 months of age who were divided into three groups. The experimental group consisted of patients with intracardiac surgery of ventricular septal defect (VSD), first control group consisted of infants with extracardiac formation of bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC), and the second control group consisted of healthy children. Troponin T values were determined in serum and urine at five time points: the first sample was taken on the day before cardiac surgery (measure 0) and the other four samples were taken after the surgery; immediately after (measure 1), on the first (measure 2), third (measure 3), and fifth postoperative day (measure 5). The first morning urine was sampled for determining the troponin T in the control group of healthy infants.MethodsThis study was conducted on 90 infants and children under 24 months of age who were divided into three groups. The experimental group consisted of patients with intracardiac surgery of ventricular septal defect (VSD), first control group consisted of infants with extracardiac formation of bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC), and the second control group consisted of healthy children. Troponin T values were determined in serum and urine at five time points: the first sample was taken on the day before cardiac surgery (measure 0) and the other four samples were taken after the surgery; immediately after (measure 1), on the first (measure 2), third (measure 3), and fifth postoperative day (measure 5). The first morning urine was sampled for determining the troponin T in the control group of healthy infants.A positive correlation between troponin T values in serum and urine was found. Urine hsTnT measured preoperatively in children undergoing BCPC surgery was higher (median 7.3 IQR 6.6-13.3 ng/L) compared to children undergoing VSD surgery (median 6.5 IQR 4.4-8.9 ng/L) as well as to healthy population (median 5.5 IQR 5.1-6.7 ng/L). After logarithmic transformation, there was no statistically significant difference in urine hsTnT concentration between the groups at any point of measurement preoperatively or postoperatively. Statistically significant negative correlation was found between serum and urine hsTnT concentrations and glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine clearance. Patients who underwent surgical repair of VSD had significantly higher concentrations of troponin T in serum on the first three postoperative measurements compared to those who had BCPC surgery.ResultsA positive correlation between troponin T values in serum and urine was found. Urine hsTnT measured preoperatively in children undergoing BCPC surgery was higher (median 7.3 IQR 6.6-13.3 ng/L) compared to children undergoing VSD surgery (median 6.5 IQR 4.4-8.9 ng/L) as well as to healthy population (median 5.5 IQR 5.1-6.7 ng/L). After logarithmic transformation, there was no statistically significant difference in urine hsTnT concentration between the groups at any point of measurement preoperatively or postoperatively. Statistically significant negative correlation was found between serum and urine hsTnT concentrations and glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine clearance. Patients who underwent surgical repair of VSD had significantly higher concentrations of troponin T in serum on the first three postoperative measurements compared to those who had BCPC surgery.According to the results of this study, renal function after cardiac surgery appears to have a major effect on the urinary hsTnT concentrations, and we cannot conclude that this is an appropriate marker for the assessment of postoperative myocardial damage in children. Nevertheless, more research is needed to reach a better understanding of the final elimination of cardiac troponins in children.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, renal function after cardiac surgery appears to have a major effect on the urinary hsTnT concentrations, and we cannot conclude that this is an appropriate marker for the assessment of postoperative myocardial damage in children. Nevertheless, more research is needed to reach a better understanding of the final elimination of cardiac troponins in children.
Raspberries are considered valuable fruits due to their high levels of nutrients and phytochemicals, which have many beneficial effects on humans. As many external factors affect the composition of ...these fruits (the type of cultivation, soil characteristics, ripeness, storage time and post-harvest technologies, cultivar/genotype, and climatic conditions), the goal of this study was to analyze different raspberry cultivars grown in Norway. Considering that Norway is a country with specific climatic conditions, as well as has a limited period of fruit vegetation, another important goal of this study was also to compare raspberries from different Norwegian areas, as well as different grown cultivars. Modern analytical techniques, such as high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPEAC-PAD), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS), and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), provided a detailed examination of the raspberry extract samples. Based on their high levels of minerals (especially N, P, and K), organic acids (predominantly citric and malic acids), sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose), and polyphenols (ellagic acid, syringic acid, quercetin, and rutin), Norwegian raspberries could be considered fruits with increased health-beneficial compounds. The chemical composition of the studied cultivars depended on the locality of growth.
Using modern analytical techniques, a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of fruits from apple cultivars grown in Western Norway during 2019 and 2020 was done. Metals, sugars, organic ...acids, antioxidant tests, and polyphenol content have been observed. In all investigated samples, the most dominant sugars were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Among 11 tested organic acids, the dominant was malic acid, followed by citric and maleic acid. The most common metal was potassium, followed by magnesium and zinc. The quantification of polyphenols showed that among the 11 quantified polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-
O-
rhamnoside, quercetin 3
-O
-glucoside, quercetin, and phlorizin were the most abundant. A detailed study of the polyphenolic profile of nine investigated apple samples provided 30 identified polyphenolic compounds from the class of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones. In addition to the identified 3-
O
-caffeoylquinic acid, its two isomers of 5-
O
-caffeoylquinic acid and three esters were also found. Present polyphenols of the tested apples provided significant data on the quality of Norwegian apples, and they contribute to the distinguishing of these apple samples.
The aim of this study was to find the chemical parameters for the differentiation of plum cultivars grown along the fjord areas of Western Norway and Eastern Norway, having specific agroclimatic ...conditions. Chemical analysis of the fruits confirmed the contents of 13 quantified elements, 22 sugar compounds, 11 organic acids, 19 phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity in 68 plum cultivars. Dominated contents were noted for nitrogen (with the maximum mean value of 3.11%), potassium (8055.80 mg/kg), and phosphorous (7878.88 mg/kg). Averagely, the highest level of sugars was determined for glucose (244.46 g/kg), fructose (197.92 g/kg), sucrose (208.25 g/kg), and sorbitol (98.02 g/kg), organic acids for malic acid (24.06 g/kg), and for polyphenol compounds were 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (66.31 mg/kg), and rutin (58.06 mg/kg). Applied principal component analysis has been useful for distinguishing the plum cultivars from three areas in Norway where copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and sodium; sucrose, ribose, maltose, and raffinose; p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, kaempferol 7-O-glucoside, p-coumaric acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were the most influential. In regard to human health and future breeding work that will have the aim to produce functional food with high health-related compounds, the plum cultivar ‘Mallard’ should be underlined due to the high level of elements, ‘Valor’ due to high sugar content, ‘Helgøyplomme’ due to content of organic acids, and ‘Diamond’ due to the content of phenolic compounds.
IntroductionOrthopantomography is amongst the most commonly used dental imaging modalities. Calcifications in the projection of carotids on orthopantomographs are found in 3-15% of general population ...and commonly represent calcified atherosclerotic plaques. Carotid atherosclerotic changes are one of the most frequent causes of stroke, which is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability globally. Our aim was to determine the relationship between calcifications in the projection of carotids on orthopantomographs, carotid stenosis and stroke, and the correlation between stroke risk factors, calcifications on orthopantomographs and the degree of carotid stenosis. Materials and methodsDoppler ultrasound and brain MRI were performed in 41 patients with unilateral or bilateral calcifications on orthopantomographs. Anamnestic data relevant to stroke risk were gathered. ResultsSignificant stenosis >50% was found in almost 15% of our patients. There was a significant correlation between hypertension and carotid calcifications. No statistically significant correlation between calcifications and significant stenosis was found. Patients with previous stroke were approximiately 5 years older than those without stroke. ConclusionPreliminary results show no statistically significant correlation between calcifications on orthopantomography and significant carotid stenosis, but further investigation is needed.
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between pathological narcissism (narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability), dysfunctional attitudes (perfectionism and ...dependency on other people), and depressive symptoms in psychiatric outpatients.
Method
A sample of 234 adult psychiatric outpatients (57.3% male; mean age 44.39 years) completed the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale–Form A, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales–21.
Results
Narcissistic vulnerability exhibited unique positive correlations with depressive symptoms, whereas narcissistic grandiosity showed substantially weaker correlations with depressive symptoms. Perfectionism partially mediated the relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and depressive symptoms. The mediating role of dependency was not confirmed.
Conclusions
Among adult psychiatric outpatients, narcissistic vulnerability is more strongly related to depressive symptoms than narcissistic grandiosity, and dysfunctional perfectionism represents one of the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria and the treatment of pathological narcissism.
