Eastern part of Croatia is agricultural region according to natural resources (fertile soil, first of all), as well as human potential (long experience in traditional agriculture). Besides ...agriculture as traditional activity, a characteristic of rurality is also added to this region. Rural area is dominant in Eastern Croatia and it effects on relatively small urban areas. This paper represents new possibilities of rural economic activities on family farms in Eastern Croatia. Role and significant of rural economic activities is analyzed through indicators overview (land structure, GDP, population, population density, TEA index, unemployment ect.). Challenges through diversification of rural economic activities in this paper includes added economic activities realized on family farms through tourism, crafts, handy work, processing, renewable energy etc. Added economic activities on family farms in Eastern Croatia participate with only 3.9%. Suggestions and possibilities measures of rural economic activities diversification are reflected through two main streams. First stream is diversification of activities through added value of agricultural products as vertical connection (organic food, autochthony products, functional food, renewable energy sources etc.). Other one economic activity diversification indicates distribution function of final products through different services on the family farm (direct sale, specialized shops, rural tourism and many other services).
Apples and apple-based products are among the most consumed fruits around the world. However, they are susceptible to infection with the fungi Penicilium expansum. In addition to the reduction of ...apple quality, secondary metabolism of this fungus produces a mycotoxin patulin that has a negative effect on human health. Currently, there is no available research in the literature on the resistance of Croatian traditional apple cultivars to contamination with P. expansum, and consequently, on the patulin content in apples and apple juice produced from those apples. Although the mechanism of apple resistance to fungal diseases has not yet been sufficiently investigated, some studies have shown that polyphenolic compounds have some impact on fungi growth. In order to contribute with new knowledge, this research deals with monitoring the growth of P. expansum on apples, patulin detection by LC/MS-MS, determination of polyphenol profile by validated HPLC method, and determining the effect of polyphenolic compounds on fungi growth and patulin production during apple storage. The results of this study have shown that Croatian traditional apple cultivars harvested from family farm Horvatić contain higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity. At the same time, they showed more resistance to infection by P. expansum than conventional ones. The higher content of dihydrochalcones and flavanols encouraged the biosynthesis of patulin in examined cultivars. However, the higher content of non-flavonoids such as 2-6 dimethoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid leads to decrease in content of patulin. In conclusion, it seems that content of polyphenols and patulin production are correlated.
Članak je hrvatski prilog za komparativnu europsku studiju među jedanaest zemalja na temelju pilo tistraživanja u pitanju Crkve i odgoja u Europi u okviru znanstvenoga projekta: Crkva - društvo - ...država u Europi. Zbog komparativnoga postupka svi prilozi, pa tako i hrvatski prilog, slijede istu strukturu, u četiri dijela. Prvi dio obuhvaća opće podatke koji su važni za razumijevanje Crkve i odgoja u Hrvatskoj: sažeti prikaz odnosa Crkve i države u pitanju odgoja i obrazovanja od utemeljenja hrvatske države do danas; konfesionalni sastav naroda i fenomen procesa suvremene dekristianizacije s fenomenom religioznoga i crkvenoga buđenja. Drugi dio raspravlja o pravnim osnovama i pitanjima financiranja odgoja i obrazovanja, i o problemima koji su s tim pitanjima povezani. Radi se o ljudskim pravima, individualnim i korporativnim religioznim slobodama, te o odnosu Crkve i države, kako na razini Ustava i zakona tako i u okviru međunarodnih ugovora. U kritičkom osvrtu dolazi do izražaja pitanje koliko je u praksi ostvareno ono što je pravno deklarirano. Treći dio obrađuje stav Crkve prema njezinom poslanju i zalaganju na području odgoja i obrazovanja i opisuje posebni profil katoličke škole na svim stupnjevima nacionalnoga sustava u teoriji i praksi; u tom kontekstu, na temelju empirijskih istraživanja, identificiraju se pozitivni rezultati i najvažniji problemi. Zatim se opisuje koncepcija vjerskoga odgoja i školskoga vjeronauka s postojećim stanjem praktičnoga provođenja i prihvaćenosti s prikazom empirijskih istraživanja. Polazeći od problema u kojem se nalazi suvremeno hrvatsko društvo, u zaključnom četvrtom dijelu, članak ističe opciju za odgoj i obrazovanje koja proizlazi iz same naravi Crkve. Tim zaključnim odgovorom članak se na neki način vraća na temeljno pitanje istraživanja: Koliko dinamični (i problemski) suodnos Crkve - društva - države Hrvatske pruža mogućnosti za crkveni rad na području odgoja i obrazovanja.
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