Employability, Education, and Social Equality michella, Maria Marta; London, Silvia
Revista de estudios sociales (Bogotá, Colombia),
09/2013, Letnik:
47, Številka:
47
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper analyzes the link between the concepts of employability, education, and social equality. A large portion of society has limitations when entering or remaining in the job market. This ...difficulty in being "employable", understood as the "ability to obtain or keep a job", stands out in groups of individuals which have greater economic disadvantages. These individuals are caught in an environment that hinders studying and acquiring employability competences. This perpetuates and deepens social inequality in time. Adapted from the source document.
This paper presents a model that examines how the preference for the future affects the investment according to a particular activity (tourism) based on natural resources. Under the assumption of ...extreme values of preference, it is possible to verify that systems with high eagerness (preference for present consumption) pose an investment rate which in the end is negative (and equal to the depreciation), along with (based on the "don't-care") destruction of natural resources. Given the dynamics of the model, it is possible to analyze three results: continued growth, moderate growth as low but positive values of the subjective rate of discount, and poverty trap, in societies in which the valuation by the future is extremely low.
Coastal ecosystems are one of the most impacted and altered regions worldwide, both because of natural reasons and because of the large population that is concentrated along the coasts. In Argentina, ...the problem of coastal erosion is very important as these areas represent the 18.33% of the whole territory with 36% of population living in this area. The objective of the present article is to characterize the main problems related to the use of resources and coastal management, leading to coastal erosion, from the perceptions of stakeholders and decision makers in the coastal zone of Pehuén Co and Monte Hermoso, Argentina. The fieldwork was performed by participative methodologies, while the results were analyzed under the institutional and social capital theoretical framework. One of the main results of the paper is that the lack of a strong social capital in the region and the existence of formal monitoring and sanctioning procedures developed by distant governmental institutions have increased the overexploitation of coast and beaches. Notwithstanding, the current and future relevance of coastal erosion for the region will demand the elaboration of bottom-up policies to reduce the vulnerability of the region and the performance of the adaptation policies.
•We study the problem of coastal erosion in Pehuén Co and Monte Hermoso, Argentina.•Problems perceived by stakeholders and decision makers were inferred by participative workshops.•There is a lack of strong social capital and institutional coherency to address the problem.•Monitoring and sanctioning procedures are developed by distant governmental institutions.•The conflicts between stakeholders have increased the overexploitation of coast and beaches.
Entre 1985 y 1998 la tasa de crecimiento de Chile se encontró entre las cuatro primeras del mundo (Massad, 2002; Gallego & Loayza, 2002) siendo, sin embargo, sumamente heterogéneo el comportamiento a ...nivel territorial. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cuán disímiles han sido los desempeños económicos de las regiones chilenas en las últimas cinco décadas (1960- 2009) en relación con las políticas económicas implementadas. Una novedosa metodología de análisis de clusters, basada en el estudio de la dinámica de regímenes, es usada para el estudio de la convergencia y/o divergencia del comportamiento de las distintas regiones.
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing social-ecological systems but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario planning is one approach that ...may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM but whose potential is not yet well understood. Therefore, we designed, trialed, and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM in three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. Implementing scenario planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it were challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge, enhanced consideration of and adaptation to future change, and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arose was challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. First, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local social-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Second, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities, or “response options,” that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors, e.g., policy groups: this raised the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest that other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored because further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, as well as their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods.
Este trabajo analiza la convergencia regional de las provincias y estados para el caso del Mercosur durante 1961-2005 mediante un metodo de tecnicas no parametricas de "clusterization" bajo el ...concepto de "regimen de desempeno". En la primera seccion se revisan los antecedentes. Seguidamente, se presentan los principales conceptos metodologicos: regimen, dinamica de regimenes y evolucion de clusters. Los estados mejor posicionados de Brasil muestran un proceso de convergencia interregional de dinamica de regimenes con las regiones mas ricas de Argentina y Uruguay; mientras que Paraguay, las regiones del norte brasileno y las provincias argentinas historicamente mas retrasadas permanecen en estadios de baja performance economica, reduciendo la distancia intragrupo pero evidenciando un proceso de divergencia respecto del grupo de alto desempeno. El resultado arroja evidencias a favor de la convergencia por clubes de desempeno. La discusion final se centra en las consecuencias de la integracion economica sobre este proceso.//This paper studies the regional convergence of sub-national states in the case of Mercosur from 1961 to 2005 by using a non-parametric technique of clustering under the concept of "regime of performance". In the first section, a review in interregional convergence is shown for the Mercosur case. Then, methodological concepts are introduced: regimens, dynamic of regiments, and clusters evolution. The best positioned Brazilian states show an interregional convergence process in dynamics of regimens towards the richest Argentinean regions and Uruguay; moreover, Paraguay, the North part of Brazil and historically underdevelopment regions of Argentina are in scenarios of low economic performance, reducing the intra-group distance but showing a divergence process in reference to the highest income group. Results exhibit evidences in favor to convergence clubs of performance. The final discussion deals with the consequences of economic integration on that process. web URL: http://www.upo.es/RevMetCuant/pdf/vol15/art66.pdf
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