A TFAA/DMSO/NaF‐based system for the efficient fluorination of P(O)−H and P(O)−OH compounds has been developed. Without adding highly toxic and expensive fluorination reagents, this novel ...transformation provides direct and compatible access to a variety of fluorophosphonates and phosphonofluoridates in a one‐pot manner.
•This systematic review and meta-Analysis could contribute towards older people with MCI and dementia patients to alleviate part of cognitive function and physical function.•This research might ...provide information about the effect of exergaming for clinical professionals.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Researchers have used exergaming in dementia to alleviate cognitive decline in patients with dementia.
We assessed the effects of exergaming interventions on MCI and dementia.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42022347399). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of exergaming on cognitive function, physical performance, and quality of life in patients with MCI and dementia was investigated.
Ten RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in our systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making Test, Chinese version of the Verbal Learning Test, Berg Balance Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in people with dementia and MCI who participated in exergaming. However, there were no significant improvements in the Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living or Quality of Life.
Although there were significant differences in cognitive and physical functions, these results should be interpreted with caution because of heterogeneity. The additional benefits of exergaming remain to be confirmed in future studies.
Oxidative stress and hypoxia are two opposite microenvironments involved in HCC metastasis. Thioredoxin (TXN) and hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α) are typical proteins involved in these two ...different microenvironments, respectively. How these two factors interact to influence the fate on tumor cells remains unknown. Hypoxia facilitated HCC cells withstood oxidative stress and eventually promoted HCC cells metastasis, in which TXN and HIF‐2α were mostly involved. Upregulation of TXN/HIF‐2α correlated with poor HCC prognosis and promoted HCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was involved in TXN/HIF‐2α‐enhanced invasiveness of HCC cells. Additionally, the stability and activity of HIF‐2α were precisely regulated by TXN via SUMOylation and acetylation, which contributed to HCC metastasis. Our data revealed that the redox protein TXN and HIF‐2α are both associated with HCC metastasis, and the fine regulation of TXN on HIF‐2α contributes essentially during the process of metastasis. Our study provides new insight into the interaction mechanism between hypoxia and oxidative stress and implies potential therapeutic benefits by targeting both TXN and HIF‐2α in the treatment of HCC metastasis.
Ring-finger protein 5 (RNF5) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which is expressed in a variety of human tissues. RNF5 is involved in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and innate ...immunity and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the role of RNF5 in cardiac hypertrophy has not been reported. In this study, we found the expression of RNF5 was increased in the hearts of mice with pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The loss-of-function research demonstrated that RNF5 deficiency exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy, whereas gain-of-function studies revealed that overexpression of RNF5 had opposite effects. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a signaling molecule that can activate type I interferon immunity, which can meditate inflammation and immune response in many diseases. The protein-protein interaction experiments confirmed that STING interacted with RNF5. Further studies showed that RNF5 inhibited cardiac hypertrophy by promoting STING degradation through K48-linked polyubiquitination. Therefore, we defined RNF5 as importantly regulated signaling for cardiac hypertrophy.
Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is higher in twin than that in singleton pregnancies. As hCG stimulates the thyroid to produce more free thyroxine (FT4), which may lead to decreased ...thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, the reference ranges of thyroid-related indicators may differ between singleton and twin pregnancies in the first trimester. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for thyroid-related indicators in early twin pregnancies and to compare them with singleton pregnancies.
Data of 820 twin-pregnant women were extracted from the established database of all pregnant women who delivered at Peking University First Hospital from October 2013 to May 2018; 160 who met National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria were included to establish TSH and FT4 reference ranges. We screened 480 (3:1 paired) women with singleton pregnancies from the same database as controls. The Mann-Whitney test for TSH and FT4 levels was applied for comparisons between singleton and twin pregnancies.
First-trimester reference ranges (4-12 gestational weeks) for twin pregnancies were: TSH 0.69 (0.01-3.35) mIU/L and FT4 16.38 (12.45-23.34) pmol/L. Median TSH was significantly lower at 7 to 12 gestational weeks than that at 4 to 6 gestational weeks (0.62 vs. 0.96 mIU/L, Z = -1.964, P = 0.049); FT4 was not significantly different between the two groups. Compared to singleton pregnancies, median TSH was significantly lower (0.69 vs. 1.27 mIU/L, Z = -6.538, P = 0.000), and FT4 was significantly higher (16.38 vs. 14.85 pmol/L, Z = -7.399, P = 0.000) in twin pregnancies in the first trimester.
Specific reference ranges for thyroid-related indicators for twin pregnancies are needed to avoid a misdiagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Moreover, establishment of separate reference ranges for 4 to 6 and 7 to 12 gestational weeks in twin pregnancies may be considered.
J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 1010–1022.
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. It is axonally transported, endocytosed and sorted to different cellular ...compartments where amyloid beta (Aβ) is produced. However, the mechanism of APP trafficking remains unclear. We present evidence that huntingtin associated protein 1 (HAP1) may reduce Aβ production by regulating APP trafficking to the non‐amyloidogenic pathway. HAP1 and APP are highly colocalized in a number of brain regions, with similar distribution patterns in both mouse and human brains. They are associated with each other, the interacting site is the 371–599 of HAP1. APP is more retained in cis‐Golgi, trans‐Golgi complex, early endosome and ER‐Golgi intermediate compartment in HAP1−/− neurons. HAP1 deletion significantly alters APP endocytosis and reduces the re‐insertion of APP into the cytoplasmic membrane. Amyloid precursor protein‐YFP(APP‐YFP) vesicles in HAP1−/− neurons reveal a decreased trafficking rate and an increased number of motionless vesicles. Knock‐down of HAP1 protein in cultured cortical neurons of Alzheimer’s disease mouse model increases Aβ levels. Our data suggest that HAP1 regulates APP subcellular trafficking to the non‐amyloidogenic pathway and may negatively regulate Aβ production in neurons.
Trafficking and processing of APP is closely related to production of amyloid beta and Alzheimer’s disease but how APP is trafficked is not clear. HAP1 is physically associated with APP, regulates APP trafficking to non‐amyloidogenic pathway and reduces A‐beta production. HAP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
A polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber monofilament was characterized by a confocal micro Raman spectrometer with the aid of a stage that allowed the axial rotation of the fiber so that the whole ...surface area could be examined. Results indicate that disorder is localized and aligned along the axial direction of the fiber. La values in defective regions are relatively lower than in others. The changes in the amount of amorphous carbon in different regions are significant.
Aims
The present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly adapted Chinese version of an instrument designed to measure structural empowerment among staff nurses.
...Background
Structural empowerment has been shown to be important to nurses in Western cultures, but its importance in China is unknown.
Methods
A convenience sample of 650 staff nurses was selected from six hospitals in Harbin, China. After linguistic adaptation using the forward–backward translation method, the 19‐item Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‐II (CWEQ‐II‐CV) was answered by participants. Content validity, Cronbach's alpha, item‐to‐total correlation and exploratory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the translated instrument.
Results
In the factor analysis, a six‐factor solution was found to be reasonable with the sub‐dimensions of structural empowerment that included support (three items), resources (three items), information (three items), opportunity (three items), formal power (three items) and informal power (four items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total instrument was 0.92 and ranged from 0.68 to 0.86 in the six subscales. The item‐to‐total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.80. The findings also gave support for content validity.
Conclusions
Evidence was found to support the reliability and validity of the CWEQ‐II‐CV scale that measures the quality of the work environment for nurses from a structural empowerment perspective.
Implications for Nursing Management
The translated version of CWEQ‐II‐CV can provide an effective evaluation tool for structural empowerment in the Chinese nursing workplace.
Precise evaluation of the live donor's liver is the most important factor for the donor's safety and the recipient's prognosis in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Our study assessed the ...clinical value of computer-assisted three-dimensional quantitative assessment and a surgical planning tool for donor evaluation in LDLT.
Computer-assisted three-dimensional (3D) quantitative assessment was used to prospectively provide quantitative assessment of the graft volume for 123 consecutive donors of LDLT and its accuracy and efficiency were compared with that of the standard manual-traced method. A case of reduced monosegmental LDLT was also assessed and a surgical planning tool displayed the precise surgical plan to avoid large-for-size syndrome.
There was no statistically significant difference between the detected graft volumes with computer-assisted 3D quantitative assessment and manual-traced approaches ((856.76 ± 162.18) cm(3) vs. (870.64 ± 172.54) cm(3), P = 0.796). Estimated volumes by either method had good correlation with the actual graft weight (r-manual-traced method: 0.921, r-3D quantitative assessment method: 0.896, both P < 0.001). However, the computer-assisted 3D quantitative assessment approach was significantly more efficient taking half the time of the manual-traced method ((16.91 ± 1.375) minutes vs. (39.27 ± 2.102) minutes, P < 0.01) to estimate graft volume. We performed the reduced monosegmental LDLT, a pediatric case, with the surgical planning tool (188 g graft in the operation, which was estimated at 208 cm(3) pre-operation). The recipient recovered without large-for-size syndrome.
Computer-assisted 3D quantitative assessment provided precise evaluation of the graft volume. It also assisted surgeons with a better understanding of the hepatic 3D anatomy and was useful for the individual surgical planning tool.
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an important autoantigen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and almost all epitopes are located in TPO ectodomain. The glycosylation of TPO might contribute to breaking ...self-tolerance, therefore, purified glycosylated recombinant TPO ectodomain is prerequisite of elucidating its role in the pathogenesis of HT. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the glycosylation has influence on the antigenic determinants of recombinant TPO.
Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system was used to generate recombinant human TPO ectodomain. The antigenicity was analyzed by antigen specific enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs). The glycosylation of recombinant human TPO ectodomain of High Five insect cell origin was detected by lectin-ELISAs.
TPO ectodomain was recovered from the culture media as a soluble protein, and it was fused with a hexahistidine tag which allowed purification by nickel-affinity chromatography. The recombinant TPO ectodomain could be recognized by all the 54 HT patients and three TPO monoclonal antibodies. Fucose, sialic acid and galactose were all detected on the recombinant TPO ectodomain. Sera TPOAb binding decreased slightly after non-specific deglycosylation of TPO by periodic acid.
High Five insect cells derived recombinant human TPO ectodomain had N-glycosylation sites, which might have little effect on recognition by serum TPOAb.
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