An unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed regioselective activation of gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes induced by CC bond cleavage is reported. It provides a general and efficient access to a variety of ...2‐fluoroallylic amines, ethers, esters, and alkylation products in high Z‐selectivity, which are important skeletons in many biologically active molecules. In addition, the transformation represents the first general application of gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes as reaction partners in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction.
CC bond cleavage under Pd catalysis induces a regioselective activation of gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes. The reaction provides access to a variety of 2‐fluoroallylic scaffolds with high Z‐selectivity and represents the first general application of gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes as reaction partners in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
The classroom teaching and quality evaluation of college English teachers is an effective way to evaluate the teaching quality and improve the teaching level of teachers. But there is uncertainty and ...fuzziness in the process of teaching and quality evaluation. Therefore, based on the data mining technology, the analytic hierarchy process is used to construct the evaluation index body. Then the indexes which have important influence on the evaluation result are selected as BP neural network input. Finally, the neural network teaching and quality evaluation model is established, and the improved algorithm is simulated. The validity of this method is verified by experiments, which can improve the accuracy of college English teaching and quality evaluation. With the help of SPSS and Weka data mining tools, this paper uses a variety of data mining means to conduct in-depth mining analysis of various teaching operation status data, explore the complex relationship behind the data and its value significance, then further propose how to effectively use data mining to implement teaching quality monitoring methods and measures, and discuss how to combine the analysis results for optimizing the use of student assessment data, innovating the way of college students The study also discusses how to combine the analysis results to optimize the use of student evaluation data and to innovate the way of guiding the quality assessment of English courses for college students, to provide meaningful references for the implementation of English teaching quality assessment.
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia and other brain regions. The genetic basis of this ...disorder remains unknown in a significant portion of familial cases. Here, we reported a recessive causal gene, MYORG, for PFBC. Compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations of MYORG co-segregated completely with PFBC in six families, with logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 4.91 at the zero recombination fraction. In mice, Myorg mRNA was expressed specifically in S100β-positive astrocytes, and knockout of Myorg induced the formation of brain calcification at 9 months of age. Our findings provide strong evidence that loss-of-function mutations of MYORG cause brain calcification in humans and mice.
•MYORG is a major causal gene for autosomal recessive PFBC•Specific expression of MYORG suggests astrocyte involves in PFBC•Myorg knockout mice develops calcium deposits in the brain
Yao et al. provide evidence that MYORG is a major causal gene for autosomal recessive PFBC by a comprehensive strategy combining whole-exome sequencing analysis, Sanger sequencing, linkage analysis, RNA expression analysis, and a mouse model.
As robots normally perform repetitive work, reinforcement learning (RL) appears to be a promising tool for designing robot control. However, the learning cycle of control strategy tends to be long, ...thereby limiting the applications of RL for a real robotic system. This article proposes model-based actor-critic learning for optimal tracking control of robotic systems to address this limitation. A preconstructed critic is defined in the framework of linear quadratic tracker, and a model-based actor update law is presented on the basis of deterministic policy gradient algorithm to improve learning efficiency. A low gain parameter is introduced in the critic to avoid input saturation. Compared with neural network-based RL, the proposed method including the preconstructed critic and actor, has rapid, steady, and reliable learning process, which is friendly for the physical hardware. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated using a dual-robot test rig. The experimental results show that the proposed learning algorithm can train multiple robots to learn their optimal tracking control laws within a training time of 200 s.
China has a rich and colorful culture, and the cultural appreciation value and research value are very high. It should be our important responsibility and obligation to help and guide more tourists ...to learn, understand, appreciate and appreciate China’s profound cultural accumulation. At present, the rapid development of “Internet” information technology and the gradual popularization of intelligent terminals have provided important opportunities and built an effective platform for the external dissemination of cultural tourist attractions and culture, as well as the development of foreign language identification, interpretation and other services. Shandong is not only our country economic province, and the red tourist attractions, red sites, red resources is very rich, Shandong cultural tourism got rapid development in recent years, under the new situation, how to strengthen the red culture in Shandong province give full play to the advantage, strengthen the effective implementation of cultural drive strategy should be an important research topic.
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This study in the Shandong red culture foreign communication significance and value, on the basis of the red culture resources in Shandong province, analyzes the current Shandong red culture tourism attractions bilingual service present situation and the existing problems, provide improvement and optimization of countermeasures and path, to strengthen the development of Shandong red culture, red culture and promote the direction towards the cultural industry resources and development, really make the red culture effectively into real productivity, into economic benefits, better boost the high quality of economic and social development in Shandong province.
The Party in the 1990s merger boom into China, the real estate industry in the “merger and acquisition of the road” can be said to be in full swing With the change of social policies, “business ...transformation”, that is, seeking diversified development, has become one of the important motivations for M&A in the context of increasingly difficult and expensive “land acquisition” And Sunac China by virtue of the amazing speed and scale of mergers and acquisitions, in the real estate industry of mergers and acquisitions boom to stand out, people’s attention. Therefore, this paper classifies the series of M&A cases of Sunac China according to the M&A motivation, mainly discusses the two M&A cases based on the “business transformation” M&A motivation, analyzes the M&A performance respectively, summarizes the problems that enterprises tend to ignore when making cross-industry investment, and puts forward the corresponding investment countermeasures, which has certain reference significance for enterprises’ cross-industry investment.
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a recently identified and iron-dependent cell death, differs from other cell death such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. This form of ...cell death does not exhibit typical morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell shrinkage, mitochondrial fragmentation, nuclear condensation. The dysfunction of lipid peroxide clearance, the presence of redox-active iron as well as oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids are three essential features of ferroptosis. Iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation signaling are increasingly recognized as central mediators of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis is implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure, indicating that targeting ferroptosis will present a novel therapeutic approach against cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the features, process, function, and mechanisms of ferroptosis, and its increasingly connected relevance to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases.
Multiphase pathological processes involve in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the therapies are quite limited. In the present study, the ...hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of quercetin in T2DM‐induced NAFLD were investigated. T2DM‐induced NAFLD and quercetin treatment models were established in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that quercetin alleviated serum transaminase levels and markedly reduced T2DM‐induced histological alterations of livers. Additionally, quercetin restored superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione content in livers. Not only that, quercetin markedly attenuated T2DM‐induced production of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and TNF‐α. Accompanied by the restoration of the increased serum total bile acid (p = .0001) and the decreased liver total bile acid (p = .0005), quercetin could reduce lipid accumulation in the liver of db/db mice. Further mechanism studies showed that farnesoid X receptor 1/Takeda G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5 signaling pathways was involved in quercetin regulation of lipid metabolism in T2DM‐induced NAFLD. In high D‐glucose and free fatty acid cocultured HepG2 cells model, quercetin eliminated lipid droplets and restored the upregulated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Similar to the findings in mice, quercetin could also activate farnesoid X receptor 1/Takeda G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5 signaling pathway. These findings suggested that quercetin might be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of T2DM‐induced NAFLD.
Traditional aquaculture provides food for humans, but produces a large amount of wastewater, threatening global sustainability. The antibiotics abuse and the water replacement or treatment causes ...safety problems and increases the aquaculture cost. To overcome environmental and economic problems in the aquaculture industry, a lot of efforts have been devoted into the application of microalgae for wastewater remediation, biomass production, and water quality control. In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for microalgae-assisted aquaculture and the recent progress were discussed. It deeply reviews the problems caused by the discharge of aquaculture wastewater and introduces the principles of microalgae-assisted aquaculture. Some interesting aspects, including nutrients assimilation mechanisms, algae cultivation systems (raceway pond and revolving algal biofilm), wastewater pretreatment, algal-bacterial cooperation, harvesting technologies (fungi-assisted harvesting and flotation), selection of algal species, and exploitation of value-added microalgae as aquaculture feed, were reviewed in this work. In view of the limitations of recent studies, to further reduce the negative effects of aquaculture wastewater on global sustainability, the future directions of microalgae-assisted aquaculture for industrial applications were suggested.
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