Objective Tumor immune infiltration leads to poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients and seriously affects the life quality of gastric cancer patients. This study was based on bioinformatics to ...screen prognostic biomarkers in patients with high degree of immune invasion of gastric cancer. Meanwhile, the action of biomarker CCDC80 was explored in gastric cancer by cell and tumorigenesis experiments, to provide reference for the cure of gastric cancer patients. Methods Data sets and clinical massage on gastric cancer were collected from TCGA database and GEO database. ConsensusClusterPlus was used to cluster gastric cancer patients based on the 28 immune cells infiltration in ssGSEA. R "Limma" package was applied to analyze differential mRNAs between Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Differential expression genes were screened by single factor analysis. Stemness markers (SERPINF1, DCN, CCDC80, FBLN5, SPARCL1, CCL14, DPYSL3) were identified for differential expression genes. Prognostic value of CCDC80 was evaluated in gastric cancer. Differences in genomic mutation and tumor microenvironment immune infiltration were assessed between high or low CCDC80. Finally, gastric cancer cells (HGC-27 and MKN-45) were selected to evaluate the action of silencing CCDC80 on malignant characterization, macrophage polarization, and tumor formation. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that CCDC80, as a stemness marker, was significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer. CCDC80 was also related to the degree of gastric cancer immune invasion. CCDC80 was up-expressed in cells of gastric cancer. Silencing CCDC80 inhibited malignant characterization and subcutaneous tumor formation of gastric cancer cells. High expression of CCDC80 was positive correspondence with immune invasion. Silencing CCDC80 inhibited M2 polarization and promoted M1 polarization in tumor tissues. In addition, gastric cancer patients were likely to have mutations in CDH1, ACTRT1, GANAB, and CDH10 genes in the High-CCDC80 group. Conclusion Silencing CCDC80, a prognostic biomarker in patients with immune invasion of gastric cancer, could effectively inhibit the malignant characterization, M2 polarization, and tumor formation of gastric cancer. Keywords: Immune invasion, Gastric cancer, CCDC80, Prognosis, Stemness
The high‐efficiency conversion of water drop mechanical energy into electrical energy has always been an urgent issue in the development and utilization of raindrop energy. In this work, a novel ...drum‐like triboelectric nanogenerator (D‐TENG) with robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic features is developed to harvest water drop energy. An elastic superhydrophobic cellulose paper is created by spray‐coating nanofumed silica dispersed in a thermoplastic elastomer solution, followed by treatment with triethoxy‐1H,1H,2H,2H‐tridecafluoro‐n‐octylsilane. When raindrops hit the D‐TENG surface, the superhydrophobic cellulose paper will vibrate and periodic contact and separation with polytetrafluoroethylene will occur to generate electricity. The results demonstrate that when a 6 mm water drop falls from a height of 2.5 m and hits the D‐TENG, the generated voltage output can reach a peak of 21.6 V and charge transfer of 10 nC. The output power of the D‐TENG can reach 16 µW per droplet, which is more than 13.3 times that generated from the previous TENGs based on the electrostatic induction of water droplets. These results indicate that the superhydrophobic cellulose paper‐based D‐TENG is potentially a strong candidate for harvesting energy from raindrops, thereby making it a promising sustainable energy source for next‐generation electronics.
A novel drum‐like triboelectric nanogenerator (D‐TENG) with robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic features is developed to harvest water drop energy. The output power of this D‐TENG can reach 16 µW per droplet, which is 13.3 times more than that generated from the previous TENGs based on the electrostatic induction of water droplets.
Formalized knowledge representation is the foundation of Big Data computing, mining and visualization. Current knowledge representations regard information as items linked to relevant objects or ...concepts by tree or graph structures. However, geographic knowledge differs from general knowledge, which is more focused on temporal, spatial, and changing knowledge. Thus, discrete knowledge items are difficult to represent geographic states, evolutions, and mechanisms, e.g., the processes of a storm “{9:30-60 mm-precipitation}-{12:00-80 mm-precipitation}-…”. The underlying problem is the constructors of the logic foundation (ALC description language) of current geographic knowledge representations, which cannot provide these descriptions. To address this issue, this study designed a formalized geographic knowledge representation called GeoKG and supplemented the constructors of the ALC description language. Then, an evolution case of administrative divisions of Nanjing was represented with the GeoKG. In order to evaluate the capabilities of our formalized model, two knowledge graphs were constructed by using the GeoKG and the YAGO by using the administrative division case. Then, a set of geographic questions were defined and translated into queries. The query results have shown that GeoKG results are more accurate and complete than the YAGO’s with the enhancing state information. Additionally, the user evaluation verified these improvements, which indicates it is a promising powerful model for geographic knowledge representation.
Zirconia implants have great application prospects due to their favorable biocompatibility and esthetic properties. However, the percentage of osseointegration of zirconia implants is lower than that ...of titanium implants. This study, structures bioactive surfaces on zirconia using a femtosecond laser combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals and evaluates the surface morphology, functional groups, crystal phase, mechanical performance, and cell response. The results revealed that calcium phosphate deposition coincided with the establishment of micro‐grooves on the zirconia surface. The crystal composition and flexural strength of zirconia showed no significant changes after the surface treatment. Furthermore, the modified surface promoted cell adhesion and proliferation through adjustments in cell morphology. The findings suggest that the combination of femtosecond laser and HA crystals offers a clean, rapid, and controllable approach to preparing bioactive surfaces for zirconia implants.
A femtosecond laser combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals is used to modify the zirconia surface. After the surface treatment, bioactive calcium phosphate deposition coincided with the micro‐grooves established. Both the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are promoted on the modified zirconia surface. The findings suggest that the combination of femtosecond laser and HA crystals offers a clean, rapid, and controllable approach for zirconia implants.
A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert energy in the surrounding environment to electricity. Therefore, in recent years, research related to TENGs has significantly increased owing to its ...simple and low‐cost manufacturing process, high portability, and high efficiency. The principle of the TENG lies in the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Its output performance is directly proportional to the square of the surface charge density, which is related to friction materials. To increase the output power of a TENG and continuously provide electricity for other electronic equipment, many scholars have conducted detailed studies on the triboelectric properties of materials. Particularly, there has been research interest in the chemical functionalization of TENGs due to their unique advantages, such as high triboelectric charge density, durability, stability, and self‐cleaning properties. This Progress Report highlights the research progress in chemical modification methods for improving the charge density of TENGs, and classifies their modification methods according to their mechanisms. The effects of chemical reaction, surface chemical treatment, and chemical substance doping on the output performance of TENGs are systematically elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of chemically modified TENG in self‐powered sensors and emerging fields, including wearable electronic devices, human‐machine interfaces, and implantable electronic devices, are introduced. Lastly, the challenges faced in the future developments of chemical modification methods are discussed, thereby guiding researchers to the use of chemical modification methods for the improvement of charge density for further exploration.
This work reviews the research progress in chemical modification for improving the charge density of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The effects of chemical reaction, surface chemical treatment, and chemical substance doping on the output performance of TENGs are systematically elaborated. The applications of chemically modified TENGs in self‐powered sensors and emerging fields are introduced.
•PFOTES was used to enhanced the tribo-polarity and hydrophobicity of CNF-based TENG.•PFOTES-CNF-based TENG exhibit enhanced triboelectric performance.•The Isc reached 9.3 μA, which is about twice ...that of a pure CNF-based TENG.•The PFOTES-CNF-based TENG retains 70% of the initial output at 70% ambient humidity.
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth. Because it is renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible, it offers distinct advantages as a starting material for bio-based triboelectric nanogenerator (bio-TENG). However, weak polarity, poor hydrophobicity, and insufficient functionalization on the natural cellulose surface severely limit the development of high-performance cellulose-based TENGs. In this work, chemical functionalization is employed to control the surface polarizability and hydrophobicity of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Functional groups on the CNF surface are modified with triethoxy-1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluoro-n-octylsilane (PFOTES) in a straightforward and facile process. Fluorine-bearing silane chains are grafted to the surface of CNFs, which increases their triboelectric charge density and improves their hydrophobicity. Experimental results demonstrate that the surface polarity of CNFs is greatly improved after PFOTES modification. The PFOTES-CNF-based TENG exhibits good resistance to humidity and long-term cycle stability, and it retains 70% of the initial output performance at 70% ambient humidity. The short-circuit current of the PFOTES-CNF-based TENG reached 9.3 μA, which is about twice that of CNF-based TENG prior to modification. These results clearly indicate that PFOTES can be used to control CNF surface polarizability and hydrophobicity, advancing the search for durable, high-performance, degradable bio-TENGs.
Monitoring the quality of perishable food in real time is critical for reducing the societal costs and foodborne diseases. A self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based wireless gas sensor ...system (TWGSS) is presented to realize selective, sensitive, and real-time wireless food-quality assessment in a cold-supply chain. TWGSS can real-time monitor the key food spoilage markers gas (e.g., ammonia) and maintain excellent stability under high humidity (75%) and low temperature (−18 °C). Benefiting from the three-dimensional porous structure of wood and ammonia sensitive properties of the carbon nanotubes materials, output voltage of the TENG selectively decreases with the increase of ammonia concentrations from 50 to 500 ppm. Moreover, the TENG exhibits an ammonia-sensing response of 0.85 at 500 ppm ammonia, which is much higher than the other common gases released from perishable foods under the same gas concentrations. Through system integration and power management, a self-powered triboelectrically driven system that can also be used as a gas sensor and wirelessly transmit data to the user interfaces. This work provides a design concept for the application area of the TENGs to the assessment of food quality, and also promotes the development of self-powered systems in food industry.
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●A wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was developed and used as NH3 sensor.●The self-powered TWGSS was proposed by integrating the TENG with the wireless circuitry.●The TWGSS realized real-time wireless food-quality assessment in a cold-supply chain.
Studying the surface chemical composition of materials is greatly significant to further understand the triboelectric charge generated during contact electrification. Although it has been studied to ...modify material surfaces by chemical methods to change the charge density, understanding the effect more systematically has not been elucidated in detail. In this work, silane coupling agents with the same main chain but different terminal functional groups were selected to chemically tailor cellulose nanofibrils. The results show that surface charge density of a material can be altered by introducing functional groups with different electron-withdrawing or electron-donating abilities to its surface. By regulating the number and density of the functional groups, the range of the charge density can be tailored more specifically. More importantly, a relatively systematic and improved mechanism is proposed to clarify the influence of chemically tailored surfaces on contact electrification. This article provides guidance for the systematic study of chemically tailored molecular surface modification to control triboelectric charge density.
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•Silane coupling agents were selected to tailor cellulose nanofibrils for manipulating the charge density.•Charge density can be altered by introducing functional groups with electron-withdrawing or electron-donating abilities.•Regulating the number and density of functional groups can tailor the range of the charge density more specifically.
•Hemicelluloses content in the range of 9.7–21.7 wt.% led to CNFs with average diameter.•CNFs shows good thermal stability when hemicelluloses content is low.•A decrease in hemicelluloses will ...improve the thermal stability of the CNFs.
In this work, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are produced from bagasse pulps with differing hemicelluloses contents by ultrafine grinding and high-pressure homogenization. The results showed that hemicelluloses content in the range of 9.7–21.7 wt.% led to nanofibrils with average diameter. A decrease in hemicelluloses content can enhance the crystallinity and improve the thermal stability of the CNFs. The activation energy of the CNF samples with hemicelluloses contents of 9.7 wt.%, 12.72 wt.%, 15.7 wt.%, 18.76 wt.%, and 21.7 wt.% are 713.03, 518.93, 462.62, 421.78, and 211.11 kJ/mol, respectively, when the conversion rate is increased from 30%–90%. These results demonstrate that hemicelluloses content has a considerable influence on the properties of CNFs. This work provides a theoretical basis for high-value utilization of CNFs, and enriches useful information on the application of CNF materials.
In recent years, air pollution has detrimentally affected human health. Particulate matter (PMx) is a primary component of air pollution, and significant research effort has been devoted to ...developing feasible technologies for its removal. In this study, a radial piston triboelectric nanogenerator (RP-TENG) enhanced cellulose fiber air filter (CFAF) was developed to remove PMx from outdoor ambient air. This self-powered PMx removal system can not only convert rotating mechanical energy into electrical energy, but it can automatically remove polluted air from the outdoor environment. After charging, the removal efficiency of the CFAF was 83.78% for PM2.5 and 86.82% for PM10, which were 1.21 times and 1.27 times greater than those of the uncharged system, respectively. The self-powered PMx removal system can be installed on an object with rotating mechanical energy, such as the rotating shaft of a shared bicycle, and the wasted rotating mechanical energy would be used to fully purify the outdoor environment. Furthermore, this system is environmentally friendly due to its low level of carbon emissions. This work has numerous potential applications as it provides a new and sustainable strategy for applying self-powered, TENG-enhanced air filters for the removal of PMx from outdoor air.
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•The removal efficiency of PM2.5 and PM10 after charging is increased by 1.21 times and 1.27 times, respectively.•A radial piston TENG structure is proposed, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.•The 8-unit radial piston mechanism enables TENG to have higher electrical performance and air pumping efficiency.•The proposed self-powered PMX removal system can be used to remove the smog by self-powered.
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