Rand et al. 1 reported increased cooperation in social dilemmas after forcing individuals to decide quickly 1 . Time pressure was used to induce intuitive decisions, and they concluded that intuition ...promotes cooperation. We test the robustness of this finding in a series of five experiments involving about 2,500 subjects in three countries. None of the experiments confirms the Rand et al. 1 finding, indicating that their result was an artefact of excluding the about 50% of subjects who failed to respond on time.
...when including all subjects in the Supplementary Information analyses, they incorrectly control for whether subjects answer on time. The time pressure effect is in the opposite direction of Rand ...et al.1 in experiments 2-4, but not significant (t value520.55, P value50.586 in experiment 2; t value520.44, P value50.663 in experiment 3; t value521.93, P value50.054 in experiment 4) (Fig. 1a).
Böda kyrka Billow, Anders & Lundgren, Gustaf
02/2019
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Medeltida gravsten med utnött runinskrift, nu försvunnen. Teckning av Gustaf Lundgren, troligen 1803. Från Abraham Ahlqvists samling III,(signum s86 i Uppsala universitetsbibliotek). Fotografi av ...teckningen.
Fotosyfte:
Mått: 7x8 cm.
1 vikt karta : utgifven af friherre S.G. Hermelin. Efter äldre och nyare kartor samt astronomiska observationer, författad af C.P Hällström. 1807. ; graverad af C.G Lundgren.
Se bibliotekskatalog för ...fullständiga uppgifter för dessa bilder
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Karta föreställande Gotland.
De olika tingen är omväxlande färglagda med rosa, gula, blåa, samt gröna färger. I vänster ovankant finns Gotska sandön infält.
* ..Hövdingdöme ...utgiven af FRIHERRE S.G.Hermelin.
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Graverad af E.Åkerland och C.G.Lundgren
Global phthalate ester production has increased from very low levels at the end of World War II to approximately 3.5 million metric tons/year. The aim of the present study was to investigate ...potential associations between persistent allergic symptoms in children, which have increased markedly in developed countries over the past three decades, and the concentration of phthalates in dust collected from their homes. This investigation is a case-control study nested within a cohort of 10,852 children. From the cohort, we selected 198 cases with persistent allergic symptoms and 202 controls without allergic symptoms. A clinical and a technical team investigated each child and her or his environment. We found higher median concentrations of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) in dust among cases than among controls (0.15 vs. 0.12 mg/g dust). Analyzing the case group by symptoms showed that BBzP was associated with rhinitis (p = 0.001) and eczema (p = 0.001), whereas di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was associated with asthma (p = 0.022). Furthermore, dose-response relationships for these associations are supported by trend analyses. This study shows that phthalates, within the range of what is normally found in indoor environments, are associated with allergic symptoms in children. We believe that the different associations of symptoms for the three major phthalates-BBzP, DEHP, and di-n-butyl phthalate-can be explained by a combination of chemical physical properties and toxicologic potential. Given the phthalate exposures of children worldwide, the results from this study of Swedish children have global implications.
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Karta över södra delen av Sverige.
Vissa landskap och hertingdömen är färglagda i svagt grönt resp. rosa.
I den nedre delen av kartan finns även Danmark med. På kartans övre ...högra del står följande text; " Karta öfver GÖTARIKE eller Södra Delen af Swerige utgifven af FRIHERRE S.G.HERMELIN. Efter äldreoch nyare Kartor samt Astronomiska Observationer författad af C.P.Hällström, 1807.
Kartan har en forsättning i MM 5391.
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Graverad av C.G.Lundberg
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Kartan föreställer Östergötland.
De olika häradna är omväxlande färglagda med gula, rosa, blåa samt gröna färger. Med blå färg är Göta kanal utmärkt (denna sträcka av kanalen ...invigdes år 1832 ).
I vänster nederkant finns en faktaruta med kartsymboler.
* ..FRIHERRE S.G.Hermelin.
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Graverad af C.G.Lundgren
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Avfotograferad av Vladimira Tabáková / Malmö Museer
Kartan föreställer Kalmar län och Öland.
De olika häraderna är färglagda i omväxlande blå, rosa, beige samt gröngula ...färger. I vä. ovankant finns en faktaruta med kartsymboltecknen.
Kartan är utgiven på uppdrag av Geografiska inrättningen.
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Graverad af C.G.Lundgren / L.I.Bager (handskrivet)
Wild boar populations have increased worldwide, but the consequences of their disturbances on boreal forest ecosystems are largely unknown. We investigated how wild boars affect soil processes in a ...Swedish boreal forest. We estimated effects on ecosystem functioning using phospholipid fatty acid analyses (PLFA) to characterise microbial groups, and by measuring soil respiration, soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, as well as the availability of NO3– and NH4+. We compared samples collected inside wild boar enclosures with adjacent reference areas without wild boar disturbance. We found no difference in soil microbial composition, except for a consistently higher fungi:bacteria ratio in the enclosures. These results are contrary to our hypothesis that rooting raises nitrogen levels, which in turn result in more bacteria. Soil nutrient levels showed inconsistent patterns, suggesting that substrate changes – as opposed to nutrient changes – stimulated fungal growth. Soil respiration was lower in the enclosures, contradicting earlier findings suggesting increased soil CO2 emissions from wild boar rooting. Overall, our study suggests that increased wild boar abundance has a minor impact on soil processes in boreal forests. Future studies should determine if the modest impacts remain across time and boreal forests. Les populations de sanglier ont augmenté à l'échelle planétaire, mais les conséquences de leurs perturbations sur les écosystèmes forestiers boréaux sont peu connues. Nous avons évalué les effets des sangliers sur les processus du sol dans une forêt boréale en Suède. Nous avons estimé les effets sur le fonctionnement écosystémique en utilisant des analyses d'acides gras phospholipidiques (AGPL) pour caractériser les groupes microbiens, et en mesurant la respiration, le carbone (C), l'azote (N) et le phosphore (P) du sol, ainsi que la disponibilité en NO3– et NH4+. Nous avons comparé des échantillons prélevés dans des enclos à sangliers et dans des sites témoins non perturbés. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune différence de composition microbienne du sol, sauf un rapport champignons/bactéries systématiquement plus élevé dans les enclos. Ces résultats vont à l'encontre de notre hypothèse selon laquelle la fouille du sol par les sangliers augmenterait la concentration en azote, et par conséquent la quantité de bactéries. Les patrons irréguliers des concentrations en nutriments du sol suggèrent que ce sont des changements de substrat – et non des changements de nutriments – qui stimulent la croissance fongique. La respiration du sol était plus faible dans les enclos, contrairement aux résultats d'études précédentes suggérant que la fouille du sol par les sangliers augmenterait les émissions de CO2. Globalement, notre étude suggère que l'augmentation d'abondance du sanglier a un effet mineur sur les processus du sol en forêt boréale. Des études supplémentaires sont requises afin de déterminer si ces effets modestes sont persistants et s'ils sont observés dans d'autres forêts boréales.
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