In the field of image fusion, spatial detail blurring and color distortion appear in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and multispectral (MS) during the traditional fusion process due to the ...difference in sensor imaging mechanisms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a fusion method for SAR images and MS images based on a convolutional neural network. In order to make use of the spatial information and different scale feature information of high-resolution SAR image, a dual-channel feature extraction module is constructed to obtain a SAR image feature map. In addition, different from the common direct addition strategy, an attention-based feature fusion module is designed to achieve spectral fidelity of the fused images. In order to obtain better spectral and spatial retention ability of the network, an unsupervised joint loss function is designed to train the network. In this paper, the Sentinel 1 SAR images and Landsat 8 MS images are used as datasets for experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in quantitative and visual representation when compared with traditional fusion methods and deep learning algorithms.
Laundry wastewater is supposed to be one of the most important sources of surfactants and microplastics in the wastewater treatment plant. Consequently, the aim of the study was evaluating the ...performance and mechanism of the electro-hybrid ozonation–coagulation (E-HOC) process for the removal of surfactants and microplastics. In this study, the efficiency of the E-HOC process for surfactant and microplastic removal was examined at different current densities and ozone dosages. Under the optimal reaction conditions (current density 15 mA·cm−2, ozone dosage 66.2 mg·L−1), both the removal efficiency of surfactant and microplastic can reach higher than 90%. Furthermore, the mechanism of surfactant and microplastic removal was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the E-HOC (carbon fiber cathode) system can produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can significantly improve the removal of the contaminants. In addition, the shape, size and abundance of the microplastics were analyzed. It was found that the shape of the microplastics in laundry wastewater is mainly fiber. Microplastics less than 50 μm account for 46.9%, while only 12.4% are larger than 500 μm. The abundance of microplastics in laundry wastewater ranges between 440,000 and 1,080,000 items per 100 L. The analysis of microplastics by FT-IR showed that most of the microplastics in laundry wastewater were polyethylene, nylon and polyester. These results indicated that the E-HOC process can effectively remove surfactants and microplastics from laundry wastewater.
In response to the issue of harvesting machine failures affecting crop harvesting timing, this study develops an emergency scheduling model and proposes a hybrid optimization algorithm that combines ...a genetic algorithm and an ant colony algorithm. By enhancing the genetic algorithm’s crossover and mutation methods and incorporating the ant colony algorithm, the proposed algorithm can prevent local optima, thus minimizing disruptions to the overall scheduling plan. Field data from Deyang, Sichuan Province, were utilized, and simulations on various harvesting machines experiencing random faults were conducted. Results indicated that the improved genetic algorithm reduced the optimal comprehensive scheduling cost during random fault occurrences by 47.49%, 19.60%, and 32.45% compared to the basic genetic algorithm and by 34.70%, 14.80%, and 24.40% compared to the ant colony algorithm. The improved algorithm showcases robust global optimization capabilities, high stability, and rapid convergence, offering effective emergency scheduling solutions in case of harvesting machine failures. Furthermore, a visual management system for agricultural machinery scheduling was developed to provide software support for optimizing agricultural machinery scheduling.
Allergic asthma is characterized by goblet cell metaplasia and subsequent mucus hypersecretion that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Here, we explore the potential role and ...underlying mechanism of protein SUMOylation-mediated goblet cell metaplasia. The components of SUMOylaion machinery are specifically expressed in healthy human bronchial epithelia and robustly upregulated in bronchial epithelia of patients or mouse models with allergic asthma. Intratracheal suppression of SUMOylation by 2-D08 robustly attenuates not only allergen-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperreactivity, but IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Phosphoproteomics and biochemical analyses reveal SUMOylation on K1007 activates ROCK2, a master regulator of goblet cell metaplasia, by facilitating its binding to and activation by RhoA, and an E3 ligase PIAS1 is responsible for SUMOylation on K1007. As a result, knockdown of PIAS1 in bronchial epithelia inactivates ROCK2 to attenuate IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia, and bronchial epithelial knock-in of ROCK2(K1007R) consistently inactivates ROCK2 to alleviate not only allergen-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperreactivity, but IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Together, SUMOylation-mediated ROCK2 activation is an integral component of Rho/ROCK signaling in regulating the pathological conditions of asthma and thus SUMOylation is an additional target for the therapeutic intervention of this disease.
Methylotrophs utilizes cheap, abundant one-carbon compounds, offering a promising green, sustainable and economical alternative to current sugar-based biomanufacturing. However, natural one-carbon ...assimilation pathways come with many disadvantages, such as complicated reaction steps, the need for additional energy and/or reducing power, or loss of CO
2
, resulting in unsatisfactory biomanufacturing performance. Here, we predicted eight simple, novel and carbon-conserving formaldehyde (FALD) assimilation pathways based on the extended metabolic network with non-natural aldol reactions using the comb-flux balance analysis (FBA) algorithm. Three of these pathways were found to be independent of energy/reducing equivalents, and thus chosen for further experimental verification. Then, two novel aldol reactions, condensing D-erythrose 4-phosphate and glycolaldehyde (GALD) into 2
R
,3
R
-stereo allose 6-phosphate by DeoC or 2
S
,3
R
-stereo altrose 6-phosphate by TalB
F178Y
/Fsa, were identified for the first time. Finally, a novel FALD assimilation pathway proceeding
via
allose 6-phosphate, named as the glycolaldehyde-allose 6-phosphate assimilation (GAPA) pathway, was constructed
in vitro
with a high carbon yield of 94%. This work provides an elegant paradigm for systematic design of one-carbon assimilation pathways based on artificial aldolase (ALS) reactions, which could also be feasibly adapted for the mining of other metabolic pathways.
Display omitted
•Odorant binding proteins and chemosensory proteins were identified in Protegira songi.•Putative ligand binding cavities were found in the predicted protein structures.•Sixteen ...PsonOBPs and eleven PsonCSPs were found in adult antennae or/and larval head.•PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs may play important roles in P. songi olfactory system.
The larvae of Protegira songi Chen & Zhang are notorious defoliator specifically infesting the medicinal plant Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. In insects, Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are highly expressed in olfactory organs and play essential roles in perceiving female pheromone and host volatiles by binding and transporting odorant compounds. In this study, 17 OBPs and 16 CSPs were identified from P. songi by transcriptome analysis. Sequence alignment indicated that PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs share no identity with each other in protein sequence. The overall structures of PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs are mainly constructed by α-helix bundles and loops. But the distribution of conserved cysteine residues and arrangement of α-helix are varied between PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs. Putative ligand binding cavities were found in these predicted protein structures. Expression profiles of PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs in adults and larvae were determined by RT-PCR which showed that 16 PsonOBPs and 11 PsonCSPs were expressed in adult antennae or/and larval head. PsonGOBPs, PsonPBPs, PsonOBP5, PsonOBP7, and PsonCSP6 were preferentially expressed in olfactory associated tissues. Our results suggest that the PsonOBPs and PsonCSPs that contain ligand cavity and are highly enriched in olfactory tissues may play roles in chemosensory perception of P. songi, and the transcriptome data may facilitate the studies on the olfactory mechanism of P. songi specifically choosing E. ulmoides as host.
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD), a member of the VEGF family, is implicated in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and is deemed to be expressed at a low level in cancers. ...S-nitrosylation, a NO (nitric oxide)-mediated post-translational modification has a critical role in angiogenesis. Here, we attempt to dissect the role and underlying mechanism of S-nitrosylation-mediated VEGFD suppression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Messenger RNA and protein expression of VEGFD in LUAD were analyzed by TCGA and CPTAC database, respectively, and Assistant for Clinical Bioinformatics was performed for complex analysis. Mouse models with urethane (Ure)-induced LUAD or LUAD xenograft were established to investigate the role of S-nitrosylation in VEGFD expression and of VEGFD mutants in the oncogenesis of LUAD. Molecular, cellular, and biochemical approaches were applied to explore the underlying mechanism of S-nitrosylation-mediated VEGFD suppression. Tube formation and wound healing assays were used to examine the role of VEGFD on the angiogenesis and migration of LUAD cells, and the molecular modeling was applied to predict the protein stability of VEGFD mutant. Results VEGFD mRNA and protein levels were decreased to a different extent in multiple primary malignancies, especially in LUAD. Low VEGFD protein expression was closely related to the oncogenesis of LUAD and resultant from excessive NO-induced VEGFD S-nitrosylation at Cys277. Moreover, inhibition of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase consistently decreased the VEGFD denitrosylation at Cys277 and consequently promoted angiogenesis of LUAD. Finally, the VEGFD.sup.C277S mutant decreased the secretion of mature VEGFD by attenuating the PC7-dependent proteolysis and VEGFD.sup.C277S mutant thus reversed the effect of VEGFD on angiogenesis of LUAD. Conclusion Low-expression of VEGFD positively correlates with LUAD development. Aberrant S-nitrosylation of VEGFD negates itself to induce the tumorigenesis of LUAD, whereas normal S-nitrosylation of VEGFD is indispensable for its secretion and repression of angiogenesis of LUAD. Keywords: VEGFD, VEGFA, Lung adenocarcinoma, S-nitrosylation, Angiogenesis, GSNOR
Cherry tomatoes are cultivated worldwide and favored by consumers of different ages. The soluble solid content (SSC) and pH are two of the most important quality attributes of cherry tomatoes. The ...rapid and non-destructive measurement of the SSC and pH of cherry tomatoes is of great significance to their production and consumption. In this research, hyperspectral imaging combined with a convolutional neural network with Transformer (CNN-Transformer) was utilized to analyze the SSC and pH of cherry tomatoes. Conventional machine learning and deep learning models were established for the determination of the SSC and pH. The findings demonstrated that CNN-Transformer yielded outstanding results in predicting the SSC, with the coefficient of determination of calibration (R
), validation (R
), and prediction (R
) for the SSC being 0.83, 0.87, and 0.83, respectively. Relatively worse results were obtained for the pH value prediction, with R
, R
, and R
values of 0.74, 0.68, and 0.60, respectively. Furthermore, the visualization of the CNN-Transformer model revealed the wavelength weight distributions, indicating that the 1380-1650 nm range served as the characteristic band for the SSC, while the spectral range at 945-1280 nm was the characteristic band for pH. In conclusion, integrating spectral information features with the attention mechanism of Transformer through a convolutional neural network can enhance the accuracy of predicting the SSC and pH for cherry tomatoes.
Developing materials with multiple desired characteristics is a tremendous challenge, particularly in an elaborate material system. Herein, a machine learning assisted material design strategy was ...applied to simultaneously optimize dual target attributes by considering γ′ solvus temperature and alloy density of multi-component Co-based superalloys. To verify the soundness of our strategy, four alloys were selected and experimentally synthesized from >510,000 candidates, each of them possessing γ′ solvus temperature exceeding 1200 °C and alloy density below 8.3 g/cm3. Of those, Co-35Ni-12Al-5Ti-3V-3Cr-2Ta-2Mo (at.%) possesses the highest γ′ solvus temperature of 1250 °C and lower density of 8.2 g/cm3. This article validates a straightforward strategy to guide rapid discovery and fabrication of multi-component materials with desired dual-performance characteristics.
PDF
