Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in our daily life due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and lack of memory effect. However, the current commercialized LIBs still ...face the threat of flammable electrolytes and lithium dendrites. Solid-state electrolytes emerge as an answer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites and avoid the problem of electrolyte leakage. Among them, polymer electrolytes with excellent flexibility, light weight, easy processing, and good interfacial compatibility with electrodes are the most promising for practical applications. Nevertheless, most of the polymer electrolytes are flammable. It is urgent to develop flame-retardant solid polymer electrolytes. This review introduces the latest advances in emerging flame-retardant solid polymer electrolytes, including Polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and so on. The electrochemical properties, flame retardancy, and flame-retardant mechanisms of these polymer electrolytes with different flame retardants are systematically discussed. Finally, the future development of flame-retardant solid polymer electrolytes is pointed out. It is anticipated that this review will guide the development of flame-retardant polymer electrolytes for solid-state LIBs.
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes have been extensively researched in solid-state batteries due to their excellent interface compatibility, high flexibility, and ease of machining. However, its ...practical application is still hindered by low ionic conductivity (∼10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature) and a narrow electrochemical stability window. To settle these shortcomings, a PEO-based composite electrolyte enabled by active LiGaO2 filler and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide (AMIm-TFSI) ionic liquid is constructed for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of LiGaO2 filler and AMIm-TFSI ionic liquid, this composite electrolyte not only enhances the ionic conductivity (2.08 × 10−3 S cm−1) and electrochemical window (5.2 V vs. Li+/Li) but also reduce the interfacial impedance. Furthermore, the Li//Li symmetric cells achieved an ultralong lithium deposition/stripping cycle over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. The assembled solid-state LiFePO4//Li cell exhibit superior rate capability (164.2, 158.5, 154.8, 148.6, 119.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 C, respectively) and excellent cycling stability (147.3 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.2C). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that the composite electrolytes in situ form an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface layer. This work provides guidance on designing superior organic-inorganic composite electrolytes for LMBs.
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•PIL-CSE enabled by the synergistic effect of LiGaO2 filler and IL for superior LMBs.•PIL-CSE achieved 2.08 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 60 °C and an electrochemical window >5.2 V.•XPS analysis reveals that PIL-CSE could in situ form an inorganic-rich SEI film.•The LiFePO4/PIL-CSE/Li exhibited a superior rate capability and cycling stability.
Abstract Conventional approaches to creating high‐resolution electric circuits face challenges such as the requirement for skilled personnel and expensive equipment. In response, we propose an ...innovative strategy that leverages a photochemically modified porous polymer skeleton for in‐situ circuit fabrication. By developing maskless surface energy manipulation that guides PEDOT:PSS‐based conductive ink deposition, electric circuits with high precision, density, stability and adaptability are effortlessly engineered within or atop the porous skeleton, enabling transitions between 2D and 3D circuit configurations. This process simplifies prototyping while significantly reducing costs and maintaining efficiency, promising advancements across various technological sectors.
•Glyphosate induces neurotoxicity in the brain of P. clarkia.•Glyphosate induces locomotion impairment and foraging disorder in P. clarkia.•Glyphosate induces oxidative stress in hepatopancreas of P. ...clarkia.•Immunotoxicity has been found after acute exposure of glyphosate.
Glyphosate, a prevalent herbicide, has raised concerns due to its potential ecological impact, especially on aquatic ecosystems. While it is crucial for managing agricultural productivity, its inadvertent effects on non-target aquatic species like the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, are not fully understood. In the present study, the neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and immune suppression of glyphosate on P. clarkii were investigated. Sublethal glyphosate exposure (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) for 96 h was found to significantly decrease AChE activity in both brain and hepatopancreas, correlating with reduced foraging efficiency and increased turnover time. Oxidative stress was evident through increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) was inhibited at 10 and 20 mg/L of glyphosate exposure. Immune assays revealed a decrease in total hemocyte counts (THC) and suppression of key immune enzyme activities and transcriptional expressions at higher concentrations, suggesting compromised immune defenses. The findings demonstrate that glyphosate can induce considerable neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects in P. clarkii, disrupting essential physiological functions and behavior.
Recovery of water, salts, and hazardous dye from complex saline textile wastewater faces obstacles in separating dissolved ionic substances and recovering organic components during desalination. This ...study realized the simultaneous fractionation, desalination, and dye removal/recovery treatment of textile wastewater by using trehalose (Tre) as an aqueous monomer to prepare polyester loose nanofiltration (LNF) membrane with fine control microstructure via interfacial polymerization. Outperforming the NF270 commercial membrane, the Tre-1.05/TMC optimized membrane achieves zero-discharge textile wastewater treatment, cutting energy consumption by 295% and reducing water consumption by 42.8%. This efficiency surge results from remarkable water permeability (130.83 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and impressive dye desalination (NaCl/ Direct Red 23 separation factor of 275) of the Tre-1.05/TMC membrane. For a deeper comprehension of filtration performance, the sieving mechanism of polyester LNF membranes was systematically elucidated. This strategic approach offers significant prospects for energy conservation, carbon emission mitigation, and enhanced feasibility of membrane-based wastewater treatment systems.
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●Trehalose-based membranes with precise microstructure design.●Creating energy-efficient zero-discharge process for high-salt textile Wastewater.●The sieving mechanism of polyester loose NF was systematically Elucidated.●The optimized membrane filtrates simulated textile wastewater from industry.
Novel adsorption ultrafiltration (ADUF) membrane was designed for the removal of methylene blue (MB) by introducing Chinese herbal waste-based activated carbon (AC) into the ultrafiltration membrane. ...We prepared AC particles from Chinese herbal medicine waste residue (reed rhizome residue) as a raw material by ZnCl2 activation and introduced them into the ultrafiltration membrane by phase inversion to prepare a reed rhizome residue-based activated carbon adsorption ultrafiltration (RAC-ADUF) membrane. The RAC-ADUF-0.1 membrane was characterized by a series of physical structures and chemical properties, which showed that the prepared membrane has a more hydrophilic surface and high porosity. The RAC-ADUF-0.1 membrane showed an excellent pure water flux of 255.77 L·m–2·h–1 and a high bovine serum albumin rejection of 99.3%. The RAC-ADUF membranes also possessed excellent antifouling performance. Notably, the RAC-ADUF-0.1 membrane provides excellent removal of MB (99% retention) compared to conventional ultrafiltration membranes. The static adsorption capacity was up to 238.48 mg/g. The significant increase in dynamic adsorption capacity on the RAC-ADUF membrane is due to the three-dimensional distribution of RAC particles on the PSF membrane cross section, which provides more active sites and increases the contact time between RAC and MB. By fitting the adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption curves, the results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model were more accurate in explaining the adsorption process. Further kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process of MB molecules on RAC-ADUF membranes is controlled by both external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion, with intraparticle diffusion playing a dominant role. In addition, the RAC-ADUF membrane exhibited outstanding adsorption and regeneration abilities, and the MB removal rate stayed at about 95% after 8 adsorption regeneration experiments. In conclusion, this study provides a new idea for the preparation strategy of an adsorption ultrafiltration membrane with high rejection and high permeability and the reuse of Chinese herbal medicine waste residue.
•Natural-sugar-alcohols were introduced to design novel cleanable polyester loose nanofiltration membranes.•The optimized polyester Membranes with high permeability(80.63 ± 1.72 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) ...provide the superior sieving ability for dyes and salts(high selectivity of 229.07).•This polyester membrane exhibited outstanding compatibility with dye-fouling cleaning agents.•This polyester membrane showed excellent antifouling performance and long-term stability.
Achieving zero discharge of salt-containing dye wastewater is essential for sustainable development, which requires precise separation of organic dyes and inorganic salts. This work describes a new strategy for the preparation of cleanable polyester loose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes using inexpensive natural-sugar-alcohols (erythritol, sorbitol, and maltitol) as aqueous monomers. The resulting polyester membrane has a loose structure with hydrophilic properties and negative charge density. The optimized sorbitol/trimesoyl chloride (TMC) membranes exhibited high pure water permeability (80.63 ± 1.72 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1), a high selectivity factor for salt/dye separation at 229.07(dye rejection of 99.6 ± 0.48%, salt rejection of 8.17 ± 0.8%). Moreover, Sorbitol/TMC polyester membranes exhibit excellent compatibility with dye-fouling detergents, antifouling ability, and long-term stability. The unoptimized erythritol/TMC and maltitol/TMC membranes also exhibit high water permeability and accurate dye/salt sieving ability. The results reveal that natural-sugar-alcohol-based polyester membranes are expected to stand out in the future of salt-containing dye wastewater treatment.
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Abstract Conventional approaches to creating high‐resolution electric circuits face challenges such as the requirement for skilled personnel and expensive equipment. In response, we propose an ...innovative strategy that leverages a photochemically modified porous polymer skeleton for in‐situ circuit fabrication. By developing maskless surface energy manipulation that guides PEDOT:PSS‐based conductive ink deposition, electric circuits with high precision, density, stability and adaptability are effortlessly engineered within or atop the porous skeleton, enabling transitions between 2D and 3D circuit configurations. This process simplifies prototyping while significantly reducing costs and maintaining efficiency, promising advancements across various technological sectors.
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•Small and uniform (su) OVA solution was obtained by ultrasound especially at 300 W.•Emulsification properties of OVA-PES-PSO emulsions were enhanced by suOVA particles.•Interface and ...rheology properties of OVA-PEC-PSO emulsions were promoted by suOVA.•Antioxidant activity of OVA-PEC-PSO emulsion were improved by suOVA particles.•The oxidation of pumpkin seed oil was delayed in suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsion.
Pumpkin seed oil (PSO), which is a valuable compound with high nutritional value used for the prevention of various chronic diseases, is prone to oxidation. In this work, small and uniform (su) ovalbumin (OVA) and pectin (PEC) were used to stabilize PSO in the form of an emulsion. The results showed that suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsion with a droplet size of 9.82 ± 0.05 μm was successfully self-assembled from PSO, PEC, and suOVA solution (with a droplet size of 230.13 ± 14.10 nm) treated with 300 W ultrasound, owing to the formation of a more stable interfacial film on the surface of droplets. The interfacial, rheological, emulsifying, and antioxidant properties of the suOVA-PES-PSO emulsions were excellent, owing to the synergistic effects between PEC and suOVA solution. Moreover, the physical stability of the suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsions to salt stress, a freeze-thaw cycle, and heat treatment was also increased and the oxidation of linolenic acid was notably delayed. These results have extended the food-related applications of OVA and PSO, and provide a promising foundation for further exploration of the self-assembly of composite emulsions by small and uniform proteins.
•Compared with the explanation or control groups, learners who underwent scaffolding instruction demonstrated superior creative performance in both acquisition and transfer .•We observed remarkable ...interbrain neural synchronization between instructors and learners in the left superior frontal cortex within the scaffolding group compared with the explanation or control groups.•The neural synchronization positively predicted enhancement in creativity performance, indicating that interbrain neural synchronization is the underlying mechanism in the creativity-fostering process.
Creativity is an indispensable competency in today's innovation-driven society. Yet, the influences of instructional strategy, a key determinant of educational outcomes, on the creativity-fostering process remains an unresolved mystery. We proposed that instructional strategy affects creativity cultivation and further investigated the intricate neural mechanisms underlying this relationship. In a naturalistic laboratory setting, 66 instructor-learner dyads were randomized into three groups (scaffolding, explanation, and control), with divergent thinking instructions separately. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning simultaneously collected brain signals in the prefrontal cortex and temporal-parietal junction regions. Results indicated that learners instructed with a scaffolding strategy demonstrated superior creative performance both in acquisition (direct learning) and transfer (use in a novel context) of creativity skills, compared to pretest levels. In contrast, the control and explanation groups did not exhibit such effects. Notably, we also observed remarkable interbrain neural synchronization (INS) between instructors and learners in the left superior frontal cortex in the scaffolding group, but not in the explanation or control groups. Furthermore, INS positively predicted enhancements in creativity performance (acquisition and transfer), indicating that it is a crucial neural mechanism in the creativity-fostering process. These findings reveal that scaffolding facilitates the acquisition and transfer of creativity and deepen our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the process of creativity-fostering. The current study provides valuable insights for implementing teaching strategies to fostering creativity.
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