In order to alleviate the shortage of land use accompanied with urbanization, over-track building complexes above metro depots are developed rapidly in China, resulting in the larger mechanical ...ventilation needs in the metro depot. Excessive noise exposure caused by the huge ventilation system will bring serious impacts on the health of workers in the metro depot. This research intends to evaluate the noise annoyance in the metro depot and the noise influences on adjacent residential buildings by the ventilation system. A questionnaire survey of 100 people working in a metro depot of Guangzhou Metro Line 6 was conducted, and field measurements inside the metro depot and inside adjacent residential buildings were carried out. The environmental noise level in the metro depot and the ventilation fan–induced noise level inside adjacent residential buildings exceed the corresponding criterion limit of China. Dose-response relationship modeled by logistic function was used to assess the noise annoyance, which is found underestimating the percentage of “Annoyed” (% A) and percentage of “Little Annoyed” (% LA) of staffs in the metro depot, especially for the % LA. This may be attributed to the reducing reliability of dose-effect curves as the
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is higher than 65 dB(A). In order to alleviate the noise impact, noise-controlling measures need to be took. However, traditional noise-controlling measures cannot solve low-frequency noise disturbance.
A new white-rot fungus, Phlebia wuliangshanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, ...resupinate basidiocarps with a smooth to tuberculate hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal
system with thin- to thick-walled generative hyphae bearing simple septa, presence of cystidia, and narrow ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (5-6 × 3-3.7 μm). Our phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU nrRNA sequences performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony,
and Bayesian inference methods support P. wuliangshanensis within a phlebioid clade in Meruliaceae (Polyporales). ITS+nLSU sequence analyses of additional Phlebia taxa strongly support P. wuliangshanensis within a monophyletic lineage grouped with
P. chrysocreas and P. uda .
Abstract
The Northern Hemisphere snow-cover (NHSC) interannual variability can serve as a crucial source of climate predictability. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the NHSC interannual ...variability and associated formation mechanism lack a thorough investigation using the latest reliable datasets. In this observationally based study, we identify the leading mode of the wintertime NHSC interannual variability and reveal the major determinants and mechanisms for forming the mode. Results show that the leading mode exhibits a hemispheric dipole pattern characterized by snow-cover anomalies in the central-eastern United States and Europe, contrary to those in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Importantly, the leading mode of TP-only snow-cover variability is essentially a regional manifestation of the dipole NHSC anomaly pattern. The wintertime hemispheric atmospheric circulation anomaly mode, that is, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), primarily determines the dipole NHSC anomaly pattern via altering snowfall and snowmelt. During a positive phase of AO, an anomalous atmospheric anticyclone over the midlatitude North Atlantic favors increased warm-air advection over the central-eastern United States and Europe, reducing the snowfall and the snow cover there. Meanwhile, the anomalously warm atmospheric thermal condition in Europe accompanied by enhanced westerly moisture flux convergence tends to heat the underlying land surface via reducing upward sensible heat flux and increasing downward longwave radiation, thereby causing increased snowmelt and decreased snow cover in northeastern Europe. Associated with the aforementioned atmospheric circulation anomalies, an anomalous atmospheric cyclone prevailing over the TP tends to cause increased southeasterly moisture flux convergence, favoring snowfall and snow increase in the TP.
Bacterial infections have seriously threatened human health and the abuse of natural or artificial antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance, so development of a new generation of antibacterial ...agents and treatment methods is urgent. 2D molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) has good biocompatibility, high specific surface area to facilitate surface modification and drug loading, adjustable energy bandgap, and high near‐infrared photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), so it is often used for antibacterial application through its photothermal or photodynamic effects. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the fabrication processes, structural characteristics, antibacterial performance, and the corresponding mechanisms of MoS2‐based materials as well as their representative antibacterial applications. In addition, the outlooks on the remaining challenges that should be addressed in the field of MoS2 are also proposed.
This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of MoS2 for photo‐excited antibacterial application, including preparation and modification methods as well as the basic photothermal and photocatalytic characteristics and corresponding mechanisms. The high specific surface area, ultra‐thin layer structure, tunable bandgap, and high photothermal conversion efficiency endow MoS2‐based materials with extensive antibacterial applications due to the synergy of multi‐functional bacteria‐killing modes.
Previous research has suggested that language comprehension routinely involves dynamic mental representations. Mental representations of temporal information about successive events stored in memory ...were investigated. Three experiments were conducted using a sentence-probe-recognition task in which the sentence events and the probe events were designed to reflect either a chronological time orientation or a reversed time orientation. The implicit time shift between events also was manipulated. Chronological events were more accessible than the reversed-time events, even for events involving a scenario shift. However, when the sentence events and the probe events differed by level within a hierarchical structure, the effect of temporal orientation disappeared. The results suggest that readers continue to track mentally an event's temporal structure and anticipate the upcoming event in a dynamic representation until another event emerges on a different level within a hierarchical structure.
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•The FSPCMs are based on the n-docosane core and ACD spherical shell.•The ND/ACD700 has an excellent melting enthalpy (143.99 J/g) for TES.•The thermal conductivity of FSPCMs is about ...3 times higher than that of ND.•The ND/ACD700 exhibit great potential for efficient utilization of thermal energy.
Herein, form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) based on n-docosane (ND) core and calcium carbide furnace dust (CD) spherical shell are fabricated to enhance the utilization efficiency of thermal energy. The CD is activated at five different temperatures (500–900 °C), and then utilized as supporting skeleton for n-docosane. The active CD (ACD) has a well-formed hollow spherical shell structure. The specific surface area and pore volume of ACD first increase and then decrease with the activation temperature rising. Among them, the ACD activated at 700 °C (ACD700) has a better adsorption to ND, and the maximum melting and freezing latent heat of obtained FSPCM are 143.99 and 142.21 J/g, respectively. Due to encapsulation of the hollow spherical shell, the thermal conductivity of ACD-based FSPCMs is approximately 3 times higher than that of the pure n-docosane. It was also worth noting that the ACD-based FSPCMs exhibit remarkable thermal management performance.
Age-related changes in splice-forms of LMNA, which encodes the nuclear lamina proteins lamin A/C, have not been investigated in skeletal muscle. In the rare premature ageing disease, ...Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), de novo point mutations in LMNA activate a cryptic splice site in exon 11, resulting in a 150 base deletion in LMNA mRNA and accumulation of a truncated protein isoform, progerin. The LMNA Δ150 progerin transcript has also been found in trace quantities in tissues of healthy people and its implication in 'natural' ageing has been proposed. We therefore investigated the expression of progerin and lamin A/C in normal human and mouse skeletal muscles of different ages. LMNA Δ150 was detected in most muscle samples from healthy individuals aged 16-71 years, but was not present in any mouse muscle samples up to the age of 18 months. Real time qPCR of human muscle samples showed that there was an age-related increase in both the full length lamin A and LMNA Δ150 transcripts, whereas their protein levels did not change significantly with age. These findings indicate that there is a basal level of mis-splicing during LMNA expression that does not change with ageing in human muscle, but at levels that do not result in increased aberrant protein. The significance of these findings in the pathophysiology of muscle ageing is uncertain and warrants further investigation.
Chlorophyll α (Chl-a) is an important indicator of algal biomass and eutrophication status of surface water ecosystems. The Chl-a concentrations exhibit significant temporal fluctuations and are ...strongly influenced by several environmental factors, including water physicochemical parameters and landscape patterns. Although the impacts of these factors on Chl-a concentrations in lakes and reservoirs have been extensively studied, there is little knowledge of eutrophication in ponds. In this context, the Chl-a concentrations and other water physicochemical parameters, namely pH, water temperature (WT), transparency, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), were monitored monthly in 28 subtropical ponds in Central China in 2019. The trophic state index (TSI) was applied to evaluate the eutrophication levels of the ponds. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to quantify the relationships between the water physicochemical parameters, landscape patterns, and Chl-a concentrations. According to the obtained results, all 28 ponds were classified as hypereutrophic in June, as well as moderate eutrophic and hypereutrophic levels in May, July, and August. Temporal clustering analysis classified the study period (12 months) into three distinct temporal clusters, with different nutrient levels of the ponds in clusters. Among the water physicochemical parameters, TP explained more than 50% of the Chl-a concentration variations during the entire study period. The partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) results indicated that the Chl-a concentrations were controlled by TP from June to August, and jointly limited by TP and TN in the remaining months. Landscape patterns indirectly affected the Chl-a concentrations by affecting the pond water TN and TP concentrations. The orchard area, pond area, Shannon's diversity index, numbers of patches, and landscape shape index were significant landscape pattern metrics, showing different contribution rates to the variations in the Chl-a concentrations of the identified temporal clusters. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of reasonable catchment landscape management in mitigating eutrophication in subtropical ponds.
Some features of sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM) suggest that there is acceleration of the normal ageing process in muscle tissue. LMNA encodes the nuclear lamina proteins lamin A/C through ...alternative splicing, and aberrant splicing of exon 11 leads to the premature ageing disease, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Progerin, the pathogenic isoform expressed in HGPS tissues, has also been detected at low levels in tissues of normal individuals with aging. We therefore investigated the alternative splicing of LMNA gene transcripts, and the post-translational processing of prelamin A, in s-IBM and control muscle samples. Age-related low level expression of the progerin transcript was detected in both s-IBM and control muscles, but was not increased in s-IBM and there was no increase in progerin protein or demonstrable accumulation of intermediate prelamin isoforms in the s-IBM muscles. However, an age-related shift in the balance of splicing towards lamin A-related transcripts, which was present in normal muscles, was not found in s-IBM. Our findings indicate that while there are changes in the patterns of LMNA splicing in s-IBM muscle which are probably secondary to the underlying pathological process, it is unlikely that aberrant splicing of exon 11 or defective post-translational processing of prelamin A are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Purpose:
The field study was to understand older adults’ reactions to and use of different low-light conditions while walking to bathrooms in the dark in their homes. Low-light conditions included ...participants’ usual nightlights and a destination-based LED strip lighting system.
Background:
Older adults encounter fall accidents while going to bathrooms at night due to low illuminance levels. They also fear falling due to previous fall histories or visual impairments. This field study tested and compared a destination-based LED strip lighting system with their usual nightlights on their movement and fear of falls.
Methods:
Fifteen older adults from an independent living facility participated in the within-subject design experiment, walking under two scenarios in random order: with usual nightlights turned on or with the destination-based LED strip lighting system turned on. Body-worn sensors were used to collect participants’ movement behaviors, and subjective questionnaires were used to understand participants’ anxiety under the two low-light conditions. Further, semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand their nightlight usage patterns and their evaluations of the destination-based LED strip lighting system.
Results:
Participants walked more smoothly under the destination-based LED strip lighting system scenario. However, the anxiety states were not statistically different between the two scenarios.
Conclusion:
Visual cues in the dark can benefit older adults’ safe movement. However, the application of the lab-effective LED strip lighting system in home settings should consider older adults’ floor plans and their furniture layout, both indoor and outdoor ambient lighting sources, and their lifestyles.
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