•Using an Intervention Mapping design favored consumption of fruits, vegetables and simple water.•Consumption of fruits, vegetables and water increased as a result of our intervention.•Mothers and ...teachers learned how to prepare easy and healthy dishes for breakfast.•Informed mothers became interested in sharing their new knowledge.•Understanding the harm caused by sugary drinks discouraged teachers from consuming them.
For preschool children, mothers and teachers are the principal models and promoters of fruit, vegetable and simple water consumption at home and school, respectively. However, the daily intake of these food and drink items falls below recommended standards among Mexican adults, posing a high risk of non-communicable diseases such as overweight and obesity across all age groups in the country. The objective of this article is to describe the design, implementation and evaluation of an educational initiative conducted in a Mexican locality with the aim of promoting the consumption of fruits, vegetables (FVs) and simple water (SW) among preschoolers through the influence of their mothers and teachers. We used the Intervention Mapping methodology with qualitative and quantitative components. Mothers attended eight theoretical and practical sessions and two school meetings, while teachers were offered two workshops. Our results revealed positive changes among both groups: participants took greater interest in healthy nutrition, increased their purchase, preparation and intake of FVs and SW and promoted their consumption. This confirms that it is possible to achieve favorable changes in eating habits among those who participate in educational initiatives in Mexico.
Objetivo:
analizar las publicaciones de Alfabetización Sanitaria (AS) en relación con la pandemia de la COVID-19 en países de ingreso bajo, medio y medio-alto.
Métodos:
se realizó una revisión ...sistemática de literatura publicada en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Portal BVS y Europe PMC, entre el 2019 y el 2021, siguiendo las guías de Cochrane y PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses), y se escribió de acuerdo con los elementos de informe preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas. La calidad metodológica se comprobó utilizando Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), para evaluar críticamente la calidad de los estudios incluidos.
Resultados:
se revisaron 1397 artículos y tras la aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron 92 estudios para el análisis. Se identificaron tres temas principales: dificultades y obstáculos, experiencias efectuadas sobre AS durante la pandemia y desafíos. Los determinantes sociales de la salud como educación, género, territorio y nivel socioeconómico obstaculizan la AS, además, otra de las dificultades es la ausencia en diversos países de planes, programas y guías de comunicación en salud. La infodemia fue una dificultad y un desafío en esta pandemia. Uno de los desafíos para la AS es la inequidad y pobreza. De las experiencias se encontraron mediciones de la AS en la población en general, en estudiantes y profesionales de la salud, además acciones de comunicación en salud y difusión de información para la prevención de la diseminación de la COVID-19 y para contrarrestar la infodemia. Conclusiones: las condiciones de vida de la población, así como el contexto sociocultural, económico y político de los países incluidos en esta revisión sistemática, influyen de manera decisiva en la AS de las personas.
Mexican immigrants in the United States face mental health challenges, disparities, and limited access to healthcare; however, mental health promotion efforts specifically targeting this population ...have been insufficient. The objective of this study was to develop and test a mental health promotion intervention based on protective mental health factors and coping strategies for Mexican immigrants recruited through a free, consulate-based program in Atlanta.
Working with the Ventanilla de Salud program, we conducted a longitudinal study in three phases: formative research and design, pre-intervention assessment and post-implementation evaluation. The intervention was designed based on the health promotion model and interviews with stakeholders. Qualitative information was collected by semi-structured interviews with participants before and after the intervention. Quantitative outcomes were knowledge about protective factors and coping mechanisms, and psychosocial distress. Differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon non-parametrical test. Intent-to-treat analysis was conducted with all participants who signed the informed consent (carrying last observation forward), and a complete case analysis was conducted with those who attended at least 70% of the sessions and completed the post- implementation evaluation.
Twenty-five participants were enrolled in the intervention. Mean age was 38 years, and the majority were women. Only nine participants attended at least 70% of the sessions and completed the final evaluation. Men, those who did not complete high school, and workers in service or construction jobs were more likely to drop out. Knowledge about protective factors pre- vs. post-intervention median (inter-quartile range) = 111 (100, 120) vs. 115 (100, 124) and coping mechanisms 96 (85, 104) vs. 99 (90, 110), as well as psychosocial distress 3 (2, 3) vs. 2 (2, 3) improved after the intervention in both intent-to treat and complete case analyses (
< 0.05). Qualitative results also support improvements in targeted protective factors.
The intervention was successful in improving psychological distress among Mexican immigrants. These results support the implementation of evidence-based mental health promotion interventions among Mexican immigrants via free and familiar programs. A limitation was the high attrition; future studies should explore approaches to improve retention in this population.
Health vulnerability refers to a lack of protection for specific population groups with specific health problems, as well as the disadvantages they face in solving them in comparison with other ...population groups. This major public health problem has multiple and diverse causes, including a shortage of trained health care personnel and the lack of family, social, economic, and institutional support in obtaining care and minimizing health risks. Health vulnerability is a dynamic condition arising from the confluence of multiple social determinants. This article attempts to describe the health situation of three vulnerable groups in Mexico-older adults, indigenous people, and migrants-and, after defining the needs of each, explore measures that could contribute to the design and implementation of public health policies better tailored to their respective needs.
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la cobertura de atención del parto eutócico en Unidad Centinela (UC), de primer nivel de atención. Verificar el cumplimento de lo establecido en el modelo e identificar los ...factores que impiden o favorecen su uso, desde la perspectiva de los prestadores de salud y de las usuarias. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con un componente cuantitativo y uno cualitativo, retrospectivo, con información de bases primarias y secundarias. Variable principal: Atención del parto eutócico, Análisis: Descriptivo, porcentajes para variables categóricas y promedios δ para variables continuas, diferencias estadísticas entre dos variables categóricas, Chi2 de Pearson. Multivariado: Regresión logística de factores asociados a la atención del parto. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a usuarias y 8 prestadores de servicios, el análisis se realizó con base en la Teoría Fundamentada a través de Ethnograph v.5. Resultados: Muestra: 218 usuarias, edad promedio fue 24.7 años. La UC proporcionó control prenatal, el 61% más de 5 consultas; sin embargo, la atención de partos eutócicos solamente fue de 17 partos (33.4%). Las barreras más importantes referidas por las usuarias y prestadores de salud fueron: falta de personal, capacitación, insumos, apoyo insuficiente y protección legal institucional en caso de complicaciones. Conclusiones: La UC es una estrategia para regresar la atención de partos al primer nivel de atención, pero es necesario implementar un plan de mejora y fortalecimiento de los proveedores.
The prevalence of pediculosis is high among elementary and secondary school children, which favors the belief that infestation occurs more often in schools than in homes. This study explored the role ...of households' social networks in the transmission of head lice. Seventeen school children and their social networks (n = 22) from Acatlipa (Morelos, Mexico) participated in a prospective observational study during school vacation. The hair of all the school children was washed with shampoo containing permethrin at the beginning of the study and the incidence of pediculosis (O) was evaluated at the beginning of the school term (follow-up at 1.5 months). The sets included in the qualitative comparative analysis were sex (S), length of hair (H), baseline diagnostic of pediculosis (I) and degree (D) and infestation index (N) obtained through the analysis of social networks. The prevalence of pediculosis was the same at the beginning and the end of follow-up (17.6%). The degree of the school children's networks ranged between 2 and 14. There were 8 configurations, the most frequent being F*i*d*n*h. The most parsimonious configuration associated with the incidence of pediculosis was F*I*d*H (female, previous infestation, low degree and long hair), with a coverage of 0.344 and a consistency of 0.941. Indicators of social networks made it possible to identify the role of households' social networks in the transmission of lice. Individual actions such as the use of shampoo containing insecticides are temporary and, therefore, structural actions should be favored.
Objective
To explore the impact of an educational intervention for self‐care of elders on their knowledge of acute respiratory infections and its incidence within their social networks.
Method
The ...intervention was based on seven educational sessions with elders from Jiutepec (Morelos, Mexico) conducted between September 2009 and January 2010 in the context of the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Egocentric social network analysis was used to explore the transmission of knowledge within elders’ networks.
Results
Knowledge of the correct use of antibiotics increased (p < .05). The total network was composed of 94 individuals, of which 22 presented with respiratory infection during the 4.5 months of follow‐up. The measurements of infected individuals were in a degree similar to those not infected (p > .05). No differences in incidence were observed with respect to gender, kinship or sub‐networks.
Discussion
Elders increased their self‐care and knowledge, but this did not decrease the incidence of cases in their social networks. This may be due to isolation and lack of recognition and credibility among close friends and relatives. Social network analysis can be used to understand and evaluate nursing self‐care interventions.
The aim of this paper was to analyze social support and living conditions among poor elderly people in Mexican cities. A qualitative study with eight focus groups was carried out in Guadalajara, ...Cuernavaca, Chilpancingo, and Culiacan, Mexico, in 2005. Forty men and 63 women participated in the study. The main support for the elderly in daily living came from their immediate family and in some cases from neighbors. Social support was basically material and economic, in addition to providing company and transportation for medical appointments. Daily emotional support, companionship, and social inclusion were minimal or absent. The study identified a significant lack of support from government and religious or civil society organizations. The family is still the main source of support for the elderly. Increased government collaboration is dramatically needed to combat the misconception that the needs of the elderly are the individual family's responsibility rather than a collaborative effort by society.
The effectiveness at the individual and community level of an educational intervention to increase cervical cancer screening self-efficacy among semi-urban Mexican women was evaluated and changes in ...reported community barriers were measured after the intervention was implemented. The educational intervention was evaluated with a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design and a control group, based on the Integrative Model of Behavior Prediction and AMIGAS project materials. For the intervention group, increased self-efficacy increased requests to obtain a Pap (p < 0.05). Barriers to obtaining a Pap were embarrassment and lack of time at the individual level, and lack of time, test conditions and fear of social rejection in the community’s cultural domain. At both the individual and community levels, having more information about the test and knowing it would be performed by a woman were primary facilitators. Few women used medically precise information when referring to the Pap and cervical uterine cancer. Although the level of self-efficacy of the participants increased, barriers in the health system affect the women’s perceived ability to get a Pap. Better care for users is needed to increase consistent use of the test. The study shows the importance of using culturally adapted, multilevel, comprehensive interventions to achieve successful results in target populations.
Objetivo:
Diseñar, implementar y evaluar una intervención educativa que contribuya al manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos urbanos con participación de una comunidad semiurbana, al norte de ...Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Material y métodos:
Estudio con medición pre y post-intervención educativa, también llamado diseño pre-experimental, con aproximación cuanti-cualitativa. Cuestionario hecho en 27 hogares, 3 grupos focales, 8 entrevistas y creación de un registro etnográfico, de agosto 2010 a mayo 2011.
Resultados:
Participaron 23 niños/niñas y 14 mujeres de manera directa, en actividades de la intervención. Se incrementó 4,74% el conocimiento sobre manejo de los residuos (p = 0,036), 4.5% la susceptibilidad percibida (p = 0,041) y 3.39% los beneficios percibidos (p = 0,032). La basura se percibe como problema asociado a daños a la salud y medio ambiente. Se identificó a la mujer como responsable del manejo de residuos sólidos. Se favoreció la relación vecinal e incorporación de acciones de separar residuos y barrer las calles con más frecuencia.
Conclusiones:
Reconocer a la población como guía de acciones en salud es fundamental para el éxito de intervenciones comunitarias. Se recomienda el uso de una metodología participativa en otras propuestas de intervención.
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