In recent years, the therapy of breast carcinoma has evolved at a rapid pace. Therapies from metastasis are pushing into the (neo)adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma at ever shorter intervals.
...Biomarker-based therapeutic approaches became more and more en vogue to guide (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy.
This article reviews recent data developments in early breast cancer (EBC) and current recommendations in diagnosis and therapy.
The dynamics of a linear system embedded in a heat bath environment and subject to white non-Gaussian noise is studied. Classical higher-order cumulants in coordinate space are derived for Poissonian ...noise and their impact on the dynamics and on asymptotic steady-state distributions is analyzed. In the quantum regime, non-Gaussian properties are present in reduced density in coordinate representation, but in energy representation they exist on a transient time scale only, due to symmetry. Within an exactly solvable model, our results provide insight into mechanisms of linear detectors as sensors for non-Gaussian noise at high and low temperatures.
We investigate Pb as a material for superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators. It is easily fabricated, has relatively high tolerance against magnetic fields, and possesses high T sub(C)TC. It ...thus combines the advantages of the most widely used superconductors, Al and Nb, which is especially beneficial for experiments on (Al,Ga)As-based heterostructures. Its main disadvantage is corrosion during aging which we have shown to be present, but acceptable on GaAs substrates.
Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses per second, ...FLASH at DESY can deliver almost two orders of magnitude more pulses in this time span due to its superconducting accelerator technology. This makes the facility a prime candidate to realize the next step in FELs-dividing the electron pulse trains into several FEL lines and delivering photon pulses to several users at the same time. Hence, FLASH has been extended with a second undulator line and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is demonstrated in both FELs simultaneously. FLASH can now deliver MHz pulse trains to two user experiments in parallel with individually selected photon beam characteristics. First results of the capabilities of this extension are shown with emphasis on independent variation of wavelength, repetition rate, and photon pulse length.
Background
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a screening tool for early kidney dysfunction and monitoring treatment in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no current studies ...describing the suitability of this test for use with published population‐based reference intervals.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine the components of biological variability, the index of individuality (IOI), the critical difference between sequential measurements (CD) and the number of measurements required to assess the homeostatic set point (HSP), for both SDMA and serum creatinine (sCr), in apparently healthy dogs.
Animals
Twenty apparently healthy adult dogs owned by clients or staff at a veterinary teaching hospital.
Methods
Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected from each dog on 9 occasions, and SDMA and sCr were measured in duplicate using commercially available assays.
Results
SDMA and sCr had intermediate and low IOI values of 0.87 and 0.28, respectively. The CD of SDMA and sCr, was 1.34 µg/dL and 0.89 µmol/L, respectively. The sample numbers required for estimation of an individual's HSP (with 90 and 95% CI) for SDMA and sCr were 8 and 45, and 2 and 12 sequential measurements, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Based on our findings, in comparison to sCr, SDMA is better suited for use with population‐based reference intervals. False‐negative test results could occur when comparing a single test result from an individual to such intervals. Ideally CD should be used with sequential measurements.
A 9‐year, 6‐month old spayed female Jack Russell terrier presented with a 3‐week history of intermittent vomiting, diarrhoea and weight loss. Serum biochemistry demonstrated severe ...panhypoproteinaemia, mild hypocalcaemia and mild hypocholesterolaemia, consistent with protein‐losing enteropathy. Full‐thickness biopsies obtained from the stomach and different sections of small intestine demonstrated histological features of both myenteric ganglionitis and early intestinal leiomyositis. Complete resolution of clinical signs occurred within 1 week of implementing immunosuppressive therapy. At the time of writing, 9 months following diagnosis, the dog remains in remission.
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