Uspješna aplikacija pesticida omogućuje učinkovitu zaštitu bilja, ali i sprečava kontaminaciju okoliša i operatera sredstvima za zaštitu bilja. Preduvjeti uspješne aplikacije pesticida su educirani ...operateri i ispravni strojevi za aplikaciju pesticida (prskalice, orošivači i dr.). Ispravni strojevi za aplikaciju pesticida ispunjavaju uvjete propisane standardom ISO 16122. Korištenje tehnički ispravnih strojeva za aplikaciju pesticida je i zakonska obveza. Strojno pogonjene prskalice i orošivači (bez leđnih prskalica) podliježu obvezi tehničkog pregleda svake tri godine. Za nove strojeve prvi pregled vrijedi pet godina. Pregled prskalica sastoji se od: pripremnih radnji, vizualnog pregleda ispravnosti pojedinih komponenti i mjerenja parametara neophodnih za uspješan rad prskalice
•Physical, chemical and phytochemical properties were analyzed in four strawberries cultivar.•Interrelationships of investigated parameters and cultivars were visualized by PCA.•Cultivar has a ...greater effect on phytochemical content and physical and chemical properties than harvesting date.•PCA plot indicate specific cultivar properties which are important for their potential commercial or industrial use.
The worldwide established strawberry cultivar ‘Albion’ and three recently introduced cultivars in Europe: ‘Monterey’, ‘Capri’, and ‘Murano’, grown hydroponically, were studied to ascertain the influence of cultivar and harvesting date on the physical, chemical, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of their fruits. Interrelationships of investigated parameters and these cultivars were investigated by the statistical approach of principal component analysis (PCA). Results indicated that cultivar had a more significant effect on the analyzed parameters than harvesting date. Thus grouping of the variables in a PCA plot indicated that each cultivar has specific characteristics important for consumer or industrial use. Cultivar ‘Monterey’ was the richest in phytochemical contents and consequently in antioxidant activity, ‘Albion’ showed the highest contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity content and ascorbic acid, ‘Capri’ had the highest value of firmness, while ‘Murano’ had lighter color in comparison to others. Potential use of these cultivars has been assessed according to these important measured attributes.
Prior to their application, most pesticide formulations should be mixed with water to form a spray of the required concentration. The efficiency of the active substance in the spray solutions could ...be affected by the quality of the used water, whose composition is related to its source (e.g., rain, river, stream, lake, tap and ground water) and sampling season (spring-autumn). Temperature and pH, as well as other water quality parameters, could significantly affect the pesticide stability in spray by promoting the pesticide degradation rate. This review aims to summarize and discuss degradation data of three widely used organophosphorus insecticides (malathion, diazinon and chlorpyrifos) in different types of water in order to emphasize the influence of different water types on their degradation. This review also reveals a lack of studies that can confirm the effect of other water quality parameters, except temperature and pH, on the stability of pesticides susceptible to hydrolysis.
Upotreba kaolinske gline u uzgoju voća Soldo, Tomislav; Duralija, Boris; Benčić, Đani ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
06/2022, Letnik:
45., Številka:
3.
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Proizvodi na bazi kaolinske gline sve više se koriste u proizvodnji voća, a posebice onoj ekološkoj. Posljednjih godina prisutan je trend značajnog smanjenja broja dozvoljenih konvencionalnih ...sredstava za zaštitu bilja od štetnih organizama, što za posljedicu ima i postupni prijelaz s konvencionalne na ekološku proizvodnju voća. U ovom radu prikazane su mogućnosti korištenja proizvoda na bazi kaolinske gline u voćarstvu. Predstavljene su mogućnosti korištenja kaolinske gline u zaštiti od štetnika i bolesti, smanjenju ekološkog stresa uzrokovanog visokim temperaturama, zaštiti od ožegotina, povećanju uroda, poboljšanom obojenju i kvaliteti ploda. Kaolinska glina ima velike mogućnosti za unaprjeđenje voćarske proizvodnje u Republici Hrvatskoj, napose u ekološkoj proizvodnji, gdje zbog svoje široke primjene i učinkovitosti postaje praktički nezaobilazna.
Sekundarni metaboliti biljaka imaju važnu ulogu u reakciji biljaka na abiotički i biotički stres. Neke od bioaktivnih komponenti imaju izražena insekticidna svojstva, pa onda govorimo o insekticidnim ...biljkama poput dalmatinskog (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) i kavkaškog buhača (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (aktivne komponente - piretrini), duhana (nikotin), neema (azadirahtin) i dr. Botanički insekticidi su uglavnom kraće perzistentnosti, pa su na osnovi njihove kemijske strukture razvijeni stabilniji sintetski insekticidi – piretroidi i neonikotinoidi, S ograničavanjem primjene kemijskih insekticida, botanički insekticidi dobivaju sve značajniju ulogu i u konvencionalnoj zaštiti bilja, ne samo ekološkoj. Posebno su značajni prirodni piretrini. Zbog brze razgradnje imaju kratku karencu što je često nedostatak, ali je i prikladno za zaštitu bilja prije same berbe, što je posebno prikladno kod suzbijanja octene mušice ploda.
Biostimuatori su (ne-hranjive) tvari ili mikroorganizmi koji pospješuju procese hranidbe biljaka i doprinose smanjenju posljedica stresa uzrokovanog abiotičkim i biotičkim čimbenicima. Mogu biti ...mikrobni (korisne bakterije i gljive) i nemikrobni (huminske kiseline, aminokiseline, ekstrakti morskih algi, kitozan i anorganski biostimulansi). Različitim mehanizmima djelovanja biostimulatori potiču učinkovitije iskorištavanje hraniva, otpornost biljaka na stres i povoljno djeluju na kvalitativna svojstva biljaka. Uslijed restrikcija u primjeni sredstava za zaštitu bilja i gnojiva, kao dio alternativnih rješenja pojavljuju se biostimulatori.
Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. (wild strawberry) is widely distributed in Southwest China, characterized by stress tolerance and the fruits of a notable peach aroma. So far there is only limited ...knowledge of variability and genetic structure in this species. Using AFLP markers, we investigated the genetic variability of 37 plants of F. nilgerrensis sampled in six main mountain areas of Sichuan Province and analyzed their genetic structure. Genetic similarity according to Nei and Li was used for cluster analysis based on UPGMA method and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering. Stratification of plants into more distinctive genetic groups was determined using Bayesian structure analysis. Six primer combinations produced a total of 1302 fragments of which 818 (62.8%) were polymorphic. Bayesian analysis showed the 37 plants of F. nilgerrensis grouped into five distinctive genetic groups. Most of the plants from the same mountain area clustered into the same genetic group, indicating each area as an area with the unique genetic profile. The genetic parameters analyzed here indicate a huge genetic variability of F. nilgerrensis in Sichuan Province. Our results provide reference data for surveying and protecting the germplasm resources of F. nilgerrensis that could be used in strawberry breeding programs.
The invasive alien fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura 1931) causes economic loss in soft‐skinned fruit production across Europe. After its first detection in 2008, the species has successfully ...expanded to a wide geographic area and invaded new host plants in a relatively short period of time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the connection between food preferences as host specialization and the morphology of D. suzukii. Population morphological variation in wings was investigated in two different host fruits (grape and strawberry) in which economic damage has been recorded. The geometric morphometric results revealed two noticeable wing shape morphotypes in D. suzukii (i.e. vein configuration) between the grape and strawberry fruits. Flies reared in grapes had wider wings, whereas flies grown in strawberries had more narrow wings. These differences in morphotype could be explained by the effects of wing aerodynamics, which affect the strength of the wings in flight. This, in turn, can lead to better dispersion within the associated fruit host. These results confirm that this extremely invasive species, found worldwide, is successful at spreading in part because of its potential to adapt rapidly under different rearing conditions. Therefore, adaptive variations in the wing shape of D. suzukii can be used to differentiate populations based on food preference (e.g. soft fruits) and can serve as an additional tool for detecting different bioecological types of D. suzukii.
Porast gradskog stanovništva uz istovremeno smanjenje zelenih površina ima za posljedicu da se od urbanog zelenila traži da ispuni što veći broj funkcija. Osim ukrasne funkcije, od biljnih vrsta se ...traži da što više doprinose uslugama koje pruža urbani ekosustav, pokazuju otpornost na biotički i abiotički stres te imaju minimalni negativni utjecaj na čovjeka i okoliš. Zbog dugog životnog vijeka, podnošenja raznolikih okolišnih uvjeta, pridonošenja kvaliteti zraka i tla u gradu te visoke dekorativnosti, božikovina se može ubrojiti u multifunkcionalne biljne vrste pogodne za oblikovanje zelenih urbanih površina. Osim adaptiranosti na lokalne uvjete, kao hrvatska autohtona vrsta s dugom tradicijom primjene u uređenju interijera, privatnih i javnih zelenih površina, božikovina ujedno odražava karakter i običaje okruženja u kojem se koristi. Potencijalno štetni utjecaj vrste ogleda se u emisiji biogenih hlapivih organskih spojeva, otrovnosti te umjerenoj alergenosti muških primjeraka.
Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931)) a polyphagous alien invasive species causes economic damages in cultivation of soft fruits all over the word. It is widespread in ...Croatia and considering that the economic damage occurred in greenhouse cultivation of soft fruit several years ago, new damage in this production can be expected. The pest development was monitored on 50 overripe fruits of cultivars 'Amira' and 'Sugana' cultivated in greenhouses in Zagreb in 2018 to investigate pest preference for these cultivars and to make a risk assessment in raspberry cultivation. Pest presence was recorded on both cultivars at the same time, and D. suzukii was dominant drosophilid species in development. Significantly more drosophilids as well as individuals of D. suzukii were developed on cultivar 'Amira'. On 'Amira' 373 female and 211 male of D. suzukii developed, while on 'Sugana' 253 female and 142 males developed. Average number of pests per fruit on 'Amira' counted 11.68 and on 'Sugana' 7.9. Drosophila suzukii develops in high populations in the greenhouse production of raspberry cultivars, which poses a serious risk for their cultivation in the study site.
Octena mušica ploda (
Drosophila suzukii
(Matsumura, 1931)) polifagna je strana invazivna vrsta koja uzrokuje ekonomske štete u uzgoju jagodastog voća diljem svijeta. Štetnik je rasprostranjen u Hrvatskoj i s obzirom da su ekonomske štete u plasteničkoj proizvodnji jagodastog voća zabilježene prije nekoliko godina, mogu se očekivati nove štete u uzgoju bobičastog voća. Razvoj štetnika praćen je na 50 prezrelih plodova sorata ‘Amira’i ‘Sugana’ uzgajanih u plastenicima tijekom 2018. godine u Zagrebu. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi sortnu preferenciju štetnika kako bi se procijenio rizik od njegove pojave u uzgoju maline. Prisutnost štetnika zabilježena je na obje sorte u isto vrijeme, a vrsta
D
.
suzukii
bila je dominantna octena muha u uzorkovanim plodovima. Značajno više octenih muha i vrste
D
.
suzukii
razvilo se na sorti ‘Amira’. Na sorti 'Amira' ukupno se razvilo 373 primjeraka ženki i 211 primjeraka mužjaka vrste
D. suzukii
, dok se na sorti 'Sugana' razvilo 253 primjeraka ženki i 142 primjerka mužjaka. Prosječan broj štetnika po plodu maline na sorti 'Amira' iznosio je 11.68, a na sorti 'Sugana' 7.9. Vrsta
D
.
suzukii
razvija se u visokim populacijama u plasteničkom uzgoju maline te predstavlja ozbiljnu opasnost za uzgoj maline na području istraživanja.
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