This paper firstly overviews the structures, activities and regional distributions of various industrial design promo-tion organizations in China and then analyzes the state of promotional activities ...carried out in 2010. The main findings are as follows: (1) Various design events such as seminars and design competitions were implemented, as the government recognized the importance of industrial design, (2) Many of the events aim at establishing company brand names and applying unique product de-velopment techniques, which back up company's industrial design ac-tivities and increases their profitability, and (3) It is of great importance to clarify for what and for whom the promotional activities in China should be targeted and to identify the true meanings of industrial design for the future. This indicates that we should plan and practice anchored on the industrial design which pursues the normative of our culture of living.
This paper investigates the establishment of China Industrial Art Association. It aims to clarify the design situations of China with respect to the social/historical and economic background in the ...second half of the 1970s. The Key findings are as follows: (1) The design administration of China starts with Association' s establishment in 1978. "Industrial Design" was connoted as "Industrial Art" and developed along with the Economic Reform Policy, (2) The activities were carried out mainly by the Light Manufacturing Ministry, (3) It had worked chiefly for the institution building- very few events organized for the first 10 years since its establishment. Although design had generally been understood among the related industries and government agencies, its promotion could not be directed beyond the simple imitation of industrialized countries, and (4) The historical meaning of the establishment of China Industrial Art Association-as a start of design administration in China is inscrutable.
Long-term hemodialysis patients develop various osteoarticular and soft tissue complications. Between 1989 and 1997, we operated on 19 long-term hemodialysis patients who had lumbar disorders. Of the ...19 Patients, 5 had destructive spondylarthropathy (DSA), 1 had degenerative spondylolisthesis, 8 had canal stenosis, and 5 had disc herniation. Patients included 10 males and 9 females with an average age of 57 years (range 40-68 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 22 months (range 6-78 months) and the length of hemodialysis ranged from 2 to 22 years (mean 11 years). Clinical results were evaluated by the JOA score. The mean recovery rate was 61% (range 6.7-100%). The same treatment as lumbar disorders in hemodialysis patients can be used for lumbar degenerative disorders in nonhemodialysis patients.
A 38-year-old man presented with untreated congenital kyphosis associated with progressive spastic gait. To prevent progression of the spastic paralysis, rigid correction of the severe spinal ...deformity arising from the congenital kyphosis was performed by one-stage posterior closing-wedge osteotomy, without occurrence of neurological complications. Progression of the paralysis has not been identified for 30 months after the operation and a slight improvement in gait was recognized. The current case is categorized as type I deformity of congenital kyphosis in the upper thoracic spine, which is normally treated surgically before the adolescent growth phase begins.
In Taiwan, the roof of the temple is full of variety of gorgeous ornaments to express the people's hearts to pray and wishes.The result of this field study of Chao-Tian Temple located in Beigang ...Town, Yunling County showed that the setting of these ornaments were not only for decoration purpose, but have meaning after a certain rule to be produced. The summarized of decorative motivation as follow: 1) strengthen the structure, 2) stay out of trouble, 3) pursuit ideals, and 4) pay homage to the god. The decorative principle could be summarized as: 1) the status of serial principle, 2) symmetry principle 3) earth to sky principle, 4) the central pack principle. The decorative purposes were 1) good luck, 2) cultivation, and 3) disaster prevention.
The paper analyzes the perception and orientation of the porcelain craftspersons in Jingdezhen with regards to the production and skill acquiring systems. It specifically intends to seek the future ...direction of the porcelain production culture of Jingdezhen. The chief findings are as follows: (1) Two groups of porcelain craftspersons were identified: traditional and innovative ones. The latter is being spotlighted both domestically and internationally despite the small number. (2) Design evaluation on the porcelain production differs between the two. (3) The traditional ones support the innovative in every production process with the tolerant work environment while maintaining the handmade work studios. (4) The innovative ones heavily depend on the traditional of cooperative living. (5) The production and skill acquiring systems of Jingdezhen fostered through the long history have firmly infiltrated in the region and created the culture of cooperative living.
In this paper the authors discuss the methodology of eco design process based on a case study which compare "Branntwein" and "Sake" to preserve earth environment. Following assertion can be made: (1) ...Both "Branntwein" and "Sake" corresponded to having changed from the product of, so to speak, accidental discovery to the industrial manufacture based on many scientific technology, and the container has varied from the hand processed goods of a natural material to the industrial production article. (2) Although once custom to drink "Branntwein" and "Sake" is restricted by occasion and a class, in the popularization process of Sake and Branntwein, the abandonment container is manufactured in large quantities, and became typical product in consumption culture especially in Japan. (3) In central Europe, containers that made of such as metal, glass, and pottery, are also used regularly until today, and requirements, such as its recovery and purpose for spending, are incorporated in the process of a container design. (4) In Japan it is important to give a position to the concept which involved in "kayoitsubo" that was once popular in daily life in Japan, and by improving design process, package should promote the "user", not "consumer". (5) "Cultural Custmization" is appropriate concept for designer to create ecological society.
This study collected approximately 150 regional development programs in various parts of Japan and classified them according to their development philosophy and orientation in order to examine the ...characteristics of endogeneous regional development programs. The examination revealed the following: (1)The characteristics of regional development programs can be identified by four qualities, spontaneity, wholeness, continuity and flexibility; (2)Endogeneous regional development programs have these four qualities in an integrated and comprehensive manner; (3)These four qualities coincide with the findings of preceding studies of endogneous regional development inside and outside Japan, which began to be proposed since 1970s. In addition, the classification of regional development programs presented in this study is expected to serve as the 'measurement' to determine the approximate nature of planned or ongoing regional development programs across Japan.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the historical development of ethnic tourism and its consequence in Taiwan during the period of Japanese colonized. Through the literature study, it comes to ...the following conclusions:In the early Japanese colonized period, tourism was used as a kind of colonial policy to change the Taiwanese aboriginal culture and life style. When the suppression was down, the commercial tourism was promoted in the aboriginal community by the colonial government. The tourism policy in the time of Japanese colonized had a tremendous impact on the formative of tourism culture in Taiwan, and had a great influence on the formulation of people's understandings on tourism.
The paper aims to recognize the social value of Iejirushi-a house mark by observing and analyzing its features and the design culture of the past and today in Omata village, Sanpoku, Murakami, ...Niigata Prefecture. Forestry and agriculture are the main production activities there, supplemented by sake brewery and wooden buckets making in old days. The results of the investigation are:(1) A town movement posting individual signboards showing each Iejirushi was once successfully implemented, (2) Iejirushi used to function as a trade mark, (3) identifying almost all the house belonging tools and crafts by seal burning or ink-marking was the prevailing custom, and (4) Kijirush - a wood-cut mark made on the cut down logs do not differ from Iejirushi in terms of ownership identify. Shirushi-a mark is thus an expression of our regional life and constitutes an integral element of regional identify. It can be foreseen that recognition of this Shirushi culture leads to the effective regional brand formulation and branding of Iejirushi can be applied to many products of Omata.
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